Historical records matching Erich Fromm
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About Erich Fromm
German-born American psychoanalyst and social philosopher who explored the interaction between psychology and society. By applying psychoanalytic principles to the remedy of cultural ills, Fromm believed, mankind could develop a psychologically balanced “sane society.”
Erich Fromm was born on March 23, 1900, at Frankfurt am Main, the only child of Orthodox Jewish parents. He started his academic studies in 1918 at the University of Frankfurt am Main with two semesters of jurisprudence. During the summer semester of 1919, Fromm studied at the University of Heidelberg, where he began studying sociology under Alfred Weber (brother of the better known sociologist Max Weber), the psychiatrist-philosopher Karl Jaspers, and Heinrich Rickert.
Fromm received his PhD in sociology from Heidelberg in 1922. During the mid-1920s, he trained to become a psychoanalyst through Frieda Reichmann's psychoanalytic sanatorium in Heidelberg. He began his own clinical practice in 1927. In 1930 he joined the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research and completed his psychoanalytical training.
After the Nazi takeover of power in Germany, Fromm moved first to Geneva and then, in 1934, to Columbia University in New York. Together with Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan, Fromm belongs to a Neo-Freudian school of psychoanalytical thought. Horney and Fromm each had a marked influence on the other's thought, with Horney illuminating some aspects of psychoanalysis for Fromm and the latter elucidating sociology for Horney. Their relationship ended in the late 1930s.
After leaving Columbia, Fromm helped form the New York branch of the Washington School of Psychiatry in 1943, and in 1946 co-founded the William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Psychology. He was on the faculty of Bennington College from 1941 to 1949.
When Fromm moved to Mexico City in 1949, he became a professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and established a psychoanalytic section at the medical school there. Meanwhile, he taught as a professor of psychology at Michigan State University from 1957 to 1961 and as an adjunct professor of psychology at the graduate division of Arts and Sciences at New York University after 1962. He taught at UNAM until his retirement, in 1965, and at the Mexican Society of Psychoanalysis (SMP) until 1974. In 1974 he moved from Mexico City to Muralto, Switzerland, and died at his home in 1980, five days before his eightieth birthday. All the while, Fromm maintained his own clinical practice and published a series of books.
Psychological theory
Beginning with his first seminal work of 1941, Escape from Freedom (known in Britain as Fear of Freedom), Fromm's writings were notable as much for their social and political commentary as for their philosophical and psychological underpinnings. Indeed, Escape from Freedom is viewed as one of the founding works of political psychology.
His second important work, Man for Himself: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics, first published in 1947, continued and enriched the ideas of Escape from Freedom. Taken together, these books outlined Fromm's theory of human character, which was a natural outgrowth of Fromm's theory of human nature.
Fromm's most popular book was The Art of Loving, an international bestseller first published in 1956, which recapitulated and complemented the theoretical principles of human nature found in Escape from Freedom and Man for Himself—principles which were revisited in many of Fromm's other major works.
Central to Fromm's world view was his interpretation of the Talmud and Hasidism. He began studying Talmud as a young man under Rabbi J. Horowitz and later under Rabbi Salman Baruch Rabinkow, a Chabad Hasid, while working towards his doctorate in sociology at the University of Heidelberg, Fromm studied the Tanya by the founder of Chabad, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi.
Fromm also studied under Nehemia Nobel and Ludwig Krause while studying in Frankfurt. Fromm's grandfather and two great grandfathers on his father's side were rabbis, and a great uncle on his mother's side was a noted Talmudic scholar. However, Fromm turned away from orthodox Judaism in 1926, towards secular interpretations of scriptural ideals.
The cornerstone of Fromm's humanistic philosophy is his interpretation of the biblical story of Adam and Eve's exile from the Garden of Eden. Drawing on his knowledge of the Talmud, Fromm pointed out that being able to distinguish between good and evil is generally considered to be a virtue, and that biblical scholars generally consider Adam and Eve to have sinned by disobeying God and eating from the Tree of Knowledge. However, departing from traditional religious orthodoxy on this, Fromm extolled the virtues of humans taking independent action and using reason to establish moral values rather than adhering to authoritarian moral values.
Erich Fromm postulated eight basic needs:
Relatedness
Relationships with others, care, respect, knowledge.
Transcendence
Being thrown into the world without their consent, humans have to transcend their nature by destroying or creating people or things. Humans can destroy through malignant aggression, or killing for reasons other than survival, but they can also create and care about their creations.
Rootedness
Rootedness is the need to establish roots and to feel at home again in the world.Productively, rootedness enables us to grow beyond the security of our mother and establish ties with the outside world. With the nonproductive strategy, we become fixated and afraid to move beyond the security and safety of our mother or a mother substitute.
Sense of Identity
The drive for a sense of identity is expressed nonproductively as conformity to a group and productively as individuality.
Frame of orientation
Understanding the world and our place in it.
Excitation and Stimulation
Actively striving for a goal rather than simply responding.
Unity
A sense of oneness between one person and the "natural and human world outside."
Effectiveness
The need to feel accomplished.
אריך היה נשוי 3 פעמים ולא היו לו ילדים. אשתו בזוו"ר – פרידה רייכמן. {נולדה 1889 נפטרה 1957 בגיל 68}. (התחתנו 1926 התגרשו 1931.) אשתו בזוו"ש – הני גורלנד. {נולדה 1900, נפטרה 1952 במקסיקו}. (התחתנו 1944). אשתו בזווג שלישי – אניס פרידמן. {נולדה 1902 נפטרה 1985 בגיל במונטגומרי 83}. (התחתנו 1953).
אריך פְרוֹם (Erich Fromm; 23 במרץ 1900 – 18 במרץ 1980) היה פסיכולוג חברתי, פסיכואנליטיקאי ופילוסוף יהודי-גרמני, בעל שם בינלאומי. מראשי הזרם ההומניסטי של הפסיכולוגיה. פרום ניסה לעמוד על מקומו של האדם בחברה, וכיצד החברה משפיעה על האדם. כמו כן, חקר את מקומם של מניעים נפשיים בהנעת תהליכים חברתיים-היסטוריים. הושפע מהשקפותיהם של זיגמונד פרויד, אלפרד אדלר וקרל מרקס וניסה לשלב בין היבטים שונים של תורותיהם.
הנה הערך בויקיפדיה אודותיו: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%A4%D7%A8...
ספרי אריך פרום: מנוס מחופש: ניתוח פסיכו-סוציולוגי על מבנה האישיות של האדם המודרני (1941), תרגם אדן גרץ, הוצאת דביר, 1958. תרגום נוסף: תמר עמית, הוצאת דביר, 1992. אדם לעצמו: הדרכים למימוש עצמותו של האדם בראי האתיקה (1947), תרגם מ' ד' בן חיים, הוצאת אוצר המורה, 1976. פסיכואנאליזה ודת (1950), תרגמו שמואל שיחור ורחל רביד, ספרי דנה, 1964. השפה שנשכחה: מבוא להבנת חלומות, אגדות-ילדים ומיתוסים (1951), תרגם יורם רוזלר, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1973. החברה השפויה (1955), תרגמו צבי ויסמן, ברכה פרוינדליך ועתליה בן מאיר, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1975. אמנות האהבה (1956), תרגם א"ד שפיר, הוצאת הדר, 1966. תרגום נוסף: דפנה לוי, הוצאת מחברות לספרות, 2001. שליחותו של זיגמונד פרויד: ניתוח אישיותו והשפעתו (1959), תרגמה ברכה פרוינדליך, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1987. זן-בודהיזם ופסיכואנאליזה (1960), תרגמו אליעזר כרמי ויהודה רגבים, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1975. מעבר לאזיקי האשליה (1962), תרגם אהרן אמיר, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1975. לב האדם (1964), תרגם יורם רוזלר, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1975. הומאניזם סוציאליסטי (1965), תרגם נחמן בן עמי, ספרית פועלים, 1967. והייתם כאלוהים: פירוש רדיקלי למקרא ולמסורת הבתר-מקראית (1967), תרגם יורם רוזלר, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1975. מהפכת התקווה: לקראת ההומניזציה של הטכנולוגיה (1968), תרגמו זהר שביט ומרדכי וורמברנד, הוצאת מסדה, 1975. משבר הפסיכואנאליזה (1970), תרגם אהרן אמיר, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1975. האנטומיה של הרסנות האדם (כרכים א-ג) (1973), תרגמה רחל אנקורין, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1983. בעלנות או מימוש עצמי (1976), תרגמה שושנה צינגל, הוצאת א' רובינשטיין, 1983. אי-ציות: מחשבות על שחרור האדם והחברה (1981), תרגם יותם שטיינבוק, הוצאת רסלינג, 2015.
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Erich Fromm's Timeline
| 1900 |
March 23, 1900
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Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
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| 1980 |
March 18, 1980
Age 79
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Muralto, Ticino, Switzerland
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