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Arlette Varda

Russian: Аньес Варда
Birthdate:
Birthplace: Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium
Death: March 29, 2019 (90)
Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
Immediate Family:

Daughter of Eugène Jean Varda and Christiane Varda
Wife of Jacques Demy
Ex-partner of Antoine Richard Denis Bourseiller
Mother of Rosalie Félicité Agnès Justine Vignet and Mathieu Demy
Sister of Private; Private; Private and Private

Occupation: кинорежиссёр, сценарист и продюсер
Managed by: Pierre Quenee
Last Updated:
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Immediate Family

About Arlette Varda

Agnès Varda (French: [a%C9%B2%C9%9Bs vaʁda]; born 30 May 1928) is a Belgian-born film director who has spent most of her working life in France. Her films, photographs, and art installations focus on documentary realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style.

Film historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave film movement; her uses of location shooting and non-professional actors were unconventional in the context of 1950s French cinema.[1]

Early life

Varda was born Arlette Varda on 30 May 1928 in Ixelles (Brussels), Belgium, the daughter of Christiane (née Pasquet) and Eugène Jean Varda, an engineer.[2] Her mother was French and her father came from a family of Greek refugees from Asia Minor. She was the middle of five children. When she was 18 Varda legally changed her name to Agnès. When she was a teenager, she left Belgium in 1940 and fled to Sète, France to live with the rest of her family. She studied art history and photography at the École des Beaux-Arts. She went on to work for the Théâtre National Populaire as a photographer.

Professional life

Varda is a significant figure in modern French cinema. Her career pre-dates the start of the Nouvelle vague (French New Wave), and La Pointe Courte contains many elements specific to that movement.[3] In an interview with The Believer, Varda stated that she wanted to make films that related to her time (in reference to La Pointe Courte), rather than focusing on traditions or classical standards.[4] In 1977, Varda founded her own production company, Cine-Tamaris, in order to have more control in shooting and editing.[5]

In 2013, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art held Varda's first U.S. exhibition called "Agnes Varda in Californialand." The exhibition featured a sculptural installation, several photographs, and short films, and was inspired by time she spent in Los Angeles in the 1960s.[6]

Involvement in the French New Wave

The French New Wave movement was broken into two subgroups: the Cahiers du Cinema group and the Left Bank Cinema group.

Because of her literary influences, and because her work predates the French New Wave, Varda's films belong more precisely to the Rive Gauche (Left Bank) cinema movement, along with Chris Marker, Alain Resnais, Marguerite Duras, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Jean Cayrol and Henri Colpi. The group was strongly tied to the nouveau roman movement in literature and politically was positioned to the Left. Its members would often collaborate with each other.

Style

Varda's work is often considered feminist because of her use of female protagonists and creating a female cinematic voice.[5] Many of her films use protagonists that are marginalized or rejected members of society, and are documentarian in nature.

Like many other French New Wave directors, Varda was likely influenced by auteur theory, creating her own signature style by using the camera "as a pen." Varda describes her method of filmmaking as cinécriture (cinematic writing or "writing on film"). The term was created by merging "cinema" and "writing" in French.[7] Rather than separating the fundamental roles that contribute to a film (cinematographer, screenwriter, director, etc.), Varda believes that all roles should be working together simultaneously to create a more cohesive film, and all elements of the film should contribute to its message. She claims to make most of her discoveries while editing, seeking the opportunity to find images or dialogue that create a motif.[8]

Because of her photographic background, still images are often of significance in her films. Still images may serve symbolic or narrative purposes, and each element of them is important. There is sometimes conflict between still and moving images in her films, and she often mixes still images (snapshots) in with moving images.[9] Varda pays very close attention to detail and is highly conscious of the implications of each cinematic choice she makes. Elements of the film are rarely just functional, each element has its own implications, both on its own and that it lends to the entire film's message.[10]

Many of her influences are artistic or literary. Some of her influences are: Surrealism, Franz Kafka, and Nathalie Sarraute.[7]

Notable films

La Pointe Courte

Varda liked photography but was interested in moving into film. After spending a few days filming the small French fishing town of La Pointe Courte for a terminally ill friend who could no longer visit on his own, Varda decided to shoot a feature film of her own. Thus in 1954, Varda's first film, La Pointe Courte, about an unhappy couple working through their relationship in a small fishing town, was released. The film is a stylistic precursor to the French New Wave.[11] At the time, Varda was influenced by the philosophy of Gaston Bachelard, under whom she once studied at the Sorbonne. “She was particularly interested in his theory of ‘l’imagination des matières,’ in which certain personality traits were found to correspond to concrete elements in a kind of psychoanalysis of the material world.” This idea arrives in La Pointe Courte as the characters' personality traits clash, shown through the opposition of objects such as wood and steel. To further her interest in character abstraction, Varda used two professional actors, Silvia Monfort and Philippe Noiret, combined with the residents of La Pointe Courte to provide a realistic element that lends itself to a documentary aesthetic inspired by neorealism. Varda would continue to use this combination of fictional and documentary elements in her films.[12]

Cléo from 5 to 7

Following La Pointe Courte, Cléo from 5 to 7 (1961) follows a pop singer through two extraordinary hours in which she awaits the results of a recent biopsy. At first glance, the film is about a woman coming to terms with her mortality, which is a common auteurist trait for Agnès Varda.[13] On a deeper level, Cléo from 5 to 7 confronts the traditionally objectified woman by giving Cleo her own vision. She is unable to be constructed through gaze of others which is often represented through a motif of reflections and Cleo’s ability to strip her body of to-be-looked-at-ness attributes (clothing items, wigs, etc.). Stylistically, Cléo from 5 to 7 borders documentary and fiction as La Pointe Courte had. Although many believe that the ninety-minute film represents the diegetic action, which occurs between 5 p.m. and 7 p.m., in real time, there is actually a half-hour difference.[12]

Vagabond

In 1984, Varda created Sans toit ni loi, or Vagabond in English, which is a drama about the death of a young female drifter named Mona. The death is investigated by an unseen and unheard interviewer who focuses on the people who have last seen her. The story of Vagabond is told through nonlinear techniques, with the film being divided into forty-seven episodes, and each episode about Mona being told from a different person's perspective. Vagabond is considered to be one of Agnès Varda's greater feminist works in how the film deals with the de-fetishization of the female body from the male perspective.[14]

Jacquot de Nantes

From 1962 until his death in 1990, Varda was married to the film director Jacques Demy, with whom she had one child, actor Mathieu Demy. Jacques Demy also legally adopted Rosalie Varda, Varda's daughter from a previous union with actor Antoine Bourseiller, who starred in her early film Cléo from 5 to 7. In 1991, Shortly before Jacques Demy's death, Agnès Varda created the film Jacquot de Nantes, which is about his life and death. The film is structured at first as being a recreation of his early life, being obsessed with the various crafts used for filmmaking like animation and set design. But then Varda provides elements of documentary by inserting clips of Demy's films as well as footage of him dying. The film continues with Varda's common theme of accepting death, but at its heart it is considered to be Varda's tribute to her late husband and their work.[13]

The Gleaners and I

Les Glaneurs et la Glaneuse, or The Gleaners and I, is a documentary made in 2000 that focuses on Varda's interactions with gleaners who live in the French countryside, but also includes subjects who create art through recycled material, as well as an interview with psychoanalyst Jean Laplanche. The Gleaners and I is notable for its fragmented and free-form nature along with it being the first time Varda used digital cameras. This style of filmmaking is often interpreted as a statement that great things like art can still be created through scraps, yet modern economies encourage people to only use the finest product.[15]

Personal life

In 1958 while living in Paris, she met her husband, Jacques Demy, also a French actor and director. They moved in together in 1959. She was married to Demy until his death in 1990. Varda has two children - a daughter, Rosalie Varda-Demy with Antoine Bourseiller and a son, Mathieu with Jacques Demy.[16]

Varda is the cousin of painter Jean Varda. In 1967 while living in California Varda met her father's cousin for the first time. He is the subject of her short documentary Uncle Yanco, named after Jean Varda who referred to himself as Yanco and was affectionately called "uncle" by Varda due to the difference in age between them.

In 1971 Varda was one of the 343 women who signed the Manifesto of the 343 admitting they had had an abortion despite the fact that it was illegal in France at the time and asking for abortions to be made legal.[17]

Varda was one of the five people to attend Jim Morrison's burial in 1971 in Paris at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

She was a member of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and a member of the jury at the Venice Film Festival in 1983.

Awards and honors

For the 1985 documentary-style feature film Vagabond/Without Roof or Rule she received the Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival. In 2002 Agnès Varda was the recipient of the prestigious French Academy prize, René Clair Award. On 4 March 2007, she was appointed a Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit of France.[18] In 2009 The Beaches of Agnès won the best documentary film of the César Award.[19] On 12 April 2009, she was made Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.[20] In May 2010 Varda received Directors' Fortnight's 8th Carosse d'Or award for lifetime achievement at the Cannes Film Festival.[21] On 22 September 2012, Varda received an honorary degree from Liège University Belgium. On 14 May 2013, Varda was promoted to Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of France.[18] On 22 May 2013, Varda received the 2013 FIAF Award for her work in the field of film preservation and restoration.[22] On 10 August 2014, Varda received the Leopard of Honour award at the 67th Locarno Film Festival.[23] She was the second female to receive the award after Kira Muratova.[24] On 13 December 2014, Varda received the honorary Lifetime Achievement Award, presented by the European Film Academy.[25] On 24 May 2015, Varda received an honorary Palme d'or. She is the first woman to receive an honorary Palme d'or.[26] In September 2017, it was announced Varda will receive an Academy Honorary Award for her contributions to cinema

Wikipedia

About Agnès Varda (Français)

Agnès Varda, née Arlette Varda le 30 mai 1928 à Ixelles (Belgique), est une photographe, réalisatrice de cinéma et plasticienne française.

C'est l'une des rares réalisatrices de la Nouvelle Vague. Elle a notamment réalisé les films La Pointe courte (1955), Cléo de 5 à 7 (1962), Ulysse (1984, César du meilleur court métrage documentaire), Sans toit ni loi (1985, Lion d'or à la Mostra de Venise), Jacquot de Nantes (1991), Les Glaneurs et la Glaneuse (2000), Deux ans après (2002), Les Plages d'Agnès (2009, César du meilleur film documentaire) et Visages, villages.

L'ensemble de son œuvre cinématographique est récompensée par un César d'honneur en 2001, par le prix René-Clair de l'Académie française en 2002 et par une Palme d'honneur au Festival de Cannes, en 2015.

Biographie

Agnès Varda, née le 30 mai 1928 d'un père grec et d'une mère française, fuit la Belgique en 1940 pour s'installer avec sa famille à Sète où elle vit son adolescence.

Venue à Paris, elle étudie la photographie à l'École des beaux-arts et l'histoire de l'art à l'École du Louvre. Jean Vilar, dont elle connait la femme depuis son adolescence sétoise, lui offre un emploi de photographe au TNP (Théâtre national populaire) qu'il dirige alors. De sa liaison avec Antoine Bourseiller naît Rosalie Varda, future costumière de cinéma.

En 1954, avec peu de moyens, elle tourne son premier long métrage de fiction, La Pointe courte joué par Philippe Noiret et Silvia Monfort et monté par Alain Resnais. Ce film fera date. Il apporte un souffle de liberté sur le cinéma français, comme l'écrit la Revue belge du cinéma1 : « Tout le nouveau cinéma est en germe dans La Pointe courte — film d'amateur, tourné en 35 mm, avec des moyens de fortune, hors du circuit économique traditionnel. [%E2%80%A6] Chronique néo-réaliste d'un village de pêcheurs et dialogue d'un couple qui fait le point. Toutes les caractéristiques de la jeune école du cinéma se trouvent réunies dans La Pointe courte et Alain Resnais, qui en fut le monteur, n'a jamais caché l'influence que ce film a eu sur lui. »

Elle rencontre le réalisateur Jacques Demy, son futur époux, au Festival de Tours en 1958. Ils seront les parents de Mathieu Demy et Jacques Demy adoptera Rosalie Varda.

En 1961, elle réalise Cléo de 5 à 7, un film sur une belle chanteuse qui erre dans Paris, se croyant mortellement malade. Puis, avec Les Créatures et Le Bonheur, elle produit d'autres films qui font d'elle, dans les années 1960, l'une des premières représentantes du jeune cinéma français. Aux côtés de la Nouvelle Vague, on parle plutôt, à son sujet, comme de Jacques Demy, de Chris Marker ou d'Alain Resnais, de cinéma de la « Rive gauche », afin de marquer une différence sociologique et politique.

Entre 1968 et 1970, elle séjourne à Los Angeles, où elle réalise un film hippie-hollywoodien, Lions Love, ainsi que plusieurs courts documentaires. De retour en France, elle tourne un film féministe et optimiste : L'une chante, l'autre pas. Elle est l'une des femmes qui signent en 1971 le manifeste des 343 en France.

Puis, repartie à Los Angeles entre 1979 et 1981, elle tourne un documentaire très remarqué sur les peintures murales, Mur murs, et une fiction inspiré de sa vie à Venice Documenteur. Durant son premier voyage, elle fait connaissance de Jim Morrison, chanteur du groupe The Doors ; ce dernier avait par ailleurs obtenu un diplôme en cinématographie à l'UCLA en 1965. Elle fut l'une des rares personnes à l'avoir vu mort chez lui et à avoir assisté à son enterrement au cimetière du Père-Lachaise.

En 1983, elle est membre du jury des longs métrages du 40e Festival de Venise.

En 1985, Sans toit ni loi, mettant en vedette Sandrine Bonnaire, lui vaut le Lion d'or à la Mostra de Venise 1985. En 1987, elle filme les états d'âme de Jane Birkin, qui, venant de franchir la barre des 40 ans, vit de douloureux moments professionnels ; Varda en fait deux films de fiction : Jane B. par Agnès V. et Kung-Fu Master, aussi connu sous le titre du Petit Amour.

Après la mort de Jacques Demy en 1990, elle lui rend hommage avec trois films : Jacquot de Nantes, une fiction et deux documentaires : Les demoiselles ont eu 25 ans et L’Univers de Jacques Demy.

En 1995, pour le centième anniversaire du cinéma, avec l'appui de plusieurs vedettes, elle crée Les Cent et Une Nuits de Simon Cinéma, une fantaisie faite de clins d'œil et de références au cinéma, mais qui est un échec.

En 2000, Les Glaneurs et la Glaneuse est un autre moment important dans sa carrière. L'utilisation d'une caméra numérique lui permet de réaliser seule ce documentaire qui est bien accueilli par les critiques et le public, et auquel elle donne une suite sous le titre Deux ans après.

En 2005, elle est membre du jury des longs métrages au festival de Cannes 2005 et la Cinémathèque québécoise lui rend hommage avec une rétrospective filmographique et une exposition photographique.

Elle réalise les multiples suppléments pour la sortie du DVD de collection Cléo de 5 à 7 et Daguerréotypes.

En 2006, elle est invitée, « vieille cinéaste, jeune plasticienne », à investir la Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain dans une exposition qu'elle intitule L'Île et Elle.

En 2007, en hommage à Jean Vilar, elle expose ses photos au festival d'Avignon.

Dans le long-métrage autobiographique Les Plages d'Agnès, sorti en décembre 2008, elle revient sur sa vie et sur son travail, et obtient le César du meilleur film documentaire lors de la 34e cérémonie des César.

Le 2 février 2009, elle reçoit un prix Henri-Langlois d'honneur pour l'ensemble de sa carrière, à l'occasion des Rencontres internationales du cinéma de patrimoine et de films restaurés de Vincennes ; et le 12 avril 2009, elle devient commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.

Elle est, depuis le 22 septembre 2010, docteur honoris causa de l'Université de Liège.

Lors du Festival de Cannes 2013, elle est présidente du jury de la Caméra d'or.

Elle est élevée à la dignité de grand-croix de l'ordre national du Mérite en 2013.

Elle a reçu le Léopard d'honneur lors du 67e Festival international du film de Locarno.

En 2015, la palme d'honneur du festival de Cannes lui est décernée. Elle le reçoit comme un prix de « résistance et d'endurance », dit-elle dans son discours.

Juste après Cannes, un projet avec le photographe JR (artiste) soulève la polémique. Leur projet au titre évocateur AV et JR deux artistes en goguette va engendrer incompréhension et critiques acerbes. Le projet, porté par des artistes reconnus, fait appel à la générosité publique d'une plateforme de financement participatif KissKissBankBank — type de financement habituellement réservé pour le lancement de nouveaux artistes. Les medias qualifient le projet et sa démarche, au mieux de candide et maladroite, au pire de condescendante et démagogique9,10. Le projet débouche pourtant au final sur le long-métrage documentaire Visages, villages, qui reçoit L'Œil d'or (prix du documentaire) au festival de Cannes 2017 puis, lors de sa sortie en début d'été de la même année, un accueil favorable à la fois critique et spectateurs

Wikipedia

Об Аньес Варде (русский)

Анье́с Варда́, имя при рождении Арле́т Варда́ (фр. Agnès Varda, Arlette Varda; 30 мая 1928, Иксель, Бельгия — 29 марта 2019, Париж, Франция) — французский кинорежиссёр, сценарист и продюсер художественного и документального кино, а также известный фотограф.

Кинематографический стиль Варда отличают документальный реализм, интерес к социальным вопросам и теме феминизма, а также ярко выраженный экспериментальный подход. По словам критика Элисон Смит, карьера Аньес Варда — это важный и часто недооцениваемый голос в современном французском кино. Её работа предвосхитила появление Новой волны, а «Пуэнт-курт» содержит многие характерные для этого движения элементы, которые принесли ему известность[2]. Несмотря на тесную связь с Французской новой волной, более точно будет сказать, что Варда принадлежит к родственной Новой волне группе кинорежиссёров Левого берега. Эту группу отличала «любовь к богемной жизни, высокая степень вовлеченности в литературу и пластические искусства, и как результат, интерес к экспериментальному кинематографу, а также отожествление с левой политикой»[3]. Ведущими режиссёрами Группы Левого берега были Крис Маркер, Ален Рене и сама Аньес Варда[3], к ней примыкали Жан-Пьер Мельвиль, Ален Роб-Грийе и Маргерит Дюрас[4], а также представители литературного движения Новый роман. За свою работу в кино Варда была удостоена Серебряного медведя Берлинского кинофестиваля (за фильм «Счастье»), Золотого льва Венецианского фестиваля (за фильм «Без крыши, вне закона»), Премии Луи Деллюка, двух Сезаров за документальные работы и почетного Сезара в 2001 году. В 2015 году на Каннском кинофестивале была удостоена Почетной «Золотой пальмовой ветви»[5]. Обладатель почётной премии «Оскар» за вклад в киноискусство.

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Arlette Varda's Timeline

1928
May 30, 1928
Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium
1958
May 28, 1958
Paris 14, Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
1972
October 15, 1972
Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
2019
March 29, 2019
Age 90
Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France