Abu Hashim ben Mohammad Hanifa ابوهاشم عبداله بن محمد حنفیه

5th Imam

[After the death of Husayn, there were three different lines of Alids which compteted for allegiance of the legitimist faction: Those descended from Hasan and Husayn, the two sons of Ali by his wife Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet who left no son and the House of Muhammad, the son of Ali by another wife known as the Hanifite.... The first Alid faction to become prominent was the partisans of Muhammad, the son of the Hanifite Muhammad bin al-Hanafiyya , who were formed into a society by Kaysan, a freedman of Ali, for the purpose of avenging Hasan and Husayn, Ali's sons by Fatima. At Muhammad's death (AH 81), the Kaysanites recognized his son Abu Hashim as the 5th Imam until AH 98 when Abu Hashim died childless after bequeathing his claims to Muhammad b. Ali b. Abdullah (d.126) Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abd Allah of the Quraysh tribe who was not of the House of Ali at all and who became the founder of the Abbasid dynasty which obtained the Khalifate in 132 AH (749) ...] { It was under Abu Hashim that the party (Kaysanites) now changed in name from Kaysanites to Hashemites, became an admirably organized conspiracy which contributed more than anything else to overthrow the Ummayad Khalifs.] ref:p. 9 of A Short History of The Fatimid Khalifate by Lacy O'Leary, lecturer in Aramaic and Syriac, Bristol University.

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After Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya died, his son Abu Hashim claimed the imamate. After his death the Abbasids claimed that on his deathbed Abu Hashim nominated his distant cousin Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas ibn Abdu'l-Muttalib ibn Hashim as the imam. This man's son Abu'l-Abbas Abdullah as-Saffah became the first Abbasid caliph Abu al-Abbas 1st Abbasid Calif r. 750-754 , repudiating Shi'ism, which effectively extinguished the sect that had recognized Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah as an imam.

Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (d. 161 AH; c. 776 CE), also known as Abu Hashim was a member of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca. He was one of the Salaf and a Narrator of hadith. He was a member of the Ahl al Bayt (the household of Muhammad) and Ahl al Kisa after Husayn ibn Ali, Hasan ibn Ali and Imam Muhammad ibn al Hanafiyyah. After Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya died, his son Abu Hashim claimed the imamate.

Abu Hashim's father was Muhammad ibn al Hanafiyyah ibn Ali, a son of Ali. Abu Hashim had a brother named Hasan.

Among the Isnad that includes Abu Hashimn is the Hadith of prohibition of Mut'ah at Khaybar.

After his father's death in 700 CE, the Hashimiyya sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia looked to Abu Hashim as the heir of his grandfather Ali. After his own death, the early Abbasids claimed that Abu Hashim had designated Muhammad, father of the first two Abbasid caliphs, As-Saffah Abu al-Abbas 1st Abbasid Calif r. 750-754 and Al-Mansur, as his heir and head of the clan of the Banu Hashim.

According to the Sunnis, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani graded the two sons of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah to be weak in Hadith, arguing that one was a murji'i, and the other to be a Shi'ite.

On the other hand, Ibn Sa'd stated that "Abu Hashim has knowledge and transmission. He was reliable in Hadith, and had narrated a few accepted hadiths."

ابوهاشم عبداله بن محمد حنفیه فرزند محمد حنفیه و امام جماعتی از شیعیان موسوم به هاشمیه بود. پس از آنکه محمد حنفیه درگذشت، گروهی از پیروان او بر این باور شدند که محمد حنفیه به غیبت رفته است و روزی باز خواهد گشت و عدل و داد را برقرار خواهد ساخت. آن گروهی که به فوت محمد حنفیه قائل بودند رو به ابوهاشم آورند. این گروه از شیعه را هاشمیه می‌گفتند. ابوهاشم در سال ۹۸ ه.ق. (۷۱۷ م.) در حمیمه فلسطین درگذشت. پس از او پیروان او به چندین فرقه تقسیم شدند.