Bandi 班第

Bandi 班第, d. Oct. 4, 1755, general, was a member of the Borjigit clan, and belonged to the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner. A student in the government school for bannermen, he was selected in 1717 to fill a post of secretary to the Grand Secretariat. He passed through several minor offices including that of astronomer in the Imperial Board of Astronomy (1718). Appointed a sub-chancellor in the Grand Secretariat in 1724, he was sent the following year to Tibet to promulgate orders of Emperor Shih-tsung about the zoning of the area between Tibet, Szechwan and Yunnan. During the next few years he held the office of junior vice-president of the Court of Colonial Affairs (1727, 1733-38), and junior vice-president of the Board of War (1738-39). He was appointed to serve on the Grand Council in 1733. As governor-general of Hu-kuang (Hupeh and Hunan) (1739-40) he led a successful expedition in 1740 against the Red Miao (紅苗) in the vicinity of Chên-kan and Yung-sui, Hunan. In 1741 he was again appointed to serve the Grand Council, and was made president of the Board of War. Seven years later (1748) he was sent as quartermaster-general to the armies then fighting against the aborigines of the Chin-ch'uan region west of Szechwan (see under Chang Kuang-ssŭ). For several months (1748-49) he served as acting governor of Szechwan. As the fighting on the front was unfavorable, the commanders were punished and Bandi was reprimanded for his unwillingness to assume military responsibilities and for his failure to report dilatoriness of the commanders. He was degraded in 1748 to senior vice-president of the Board of Works, and early in 1749 was discharged from all offices. Given the rank of a deputy lieutenant-general late in 1749, he was sent to attend to affairs in the Kokonor region. He was appointed in the following year imperial resident of Tibet, but before his arrival at Lhasa a rebellion took place in that city and two former imperial residents were murdered (see under Fu-ch'ing). As a result of his quick action the rebels were suppressed. Recalled to Peking in 1752, he again served the Grand Council, but hardly a year had passed before he was sent to Canton as governor-general of Kwangtung and Kwangsi. Meanwhile preparations were under way for the conquest of Sungaria (see under Amursana). Bandi was recalled from Canton in 1754 and, with the rank of president of the Board of War, was sent to look after the provisions for the army of the northern route (via Uliasutai). His able management of the mobilization of men and stabilization of the hostile Mongols won him praise from Emperor Kao-tsung, including the hereditary rank of viscount, and the rank of chamberlain in the Imperial Bodyguard. For a few months, in 1754, he was also acting military governor of Uliasutai. Early in the following year he was recalled to Peking for a military conference in regard to the Eleuths and his plan of action was approved. In 1755, with the rank of Ting Pei Chiang Chün 定北將軍 he was made commander-in-chief of the Northern Route Army with Amursana [q.v.] as assistant commander. A Western Route Army was commanded by Yung-ch'ang (see under Amursana). The advance of the two armies met little resistance from the Eleuths, and by the summer of 1755 Sungaria was pacified. Bandi, raised in hereditary rank to duke of the first class with the designation Ch'êng-yung 誠勇, and loaded with other honors from the emperor, was ordered to head a garrison at Ili and to look after the stabilization of the surrendered Eleuths.

Kao-tsung, however, had miscalculated in recalling the army so soon, and in leaving so small a garrison force with Bandi. He had also unwisely placed his confidence in the loyalty of Amursana who, dissatisfied with the rewards he had received, led the Eleuths in a rebellion which quickly spread throughout Sungaria. Bandi and his chief-of-staff, O-jung-an (see under O-êr-t'ai), eldest son of O-êr-t'ai, led a handful of loyalists in a hurried retreat, but they were soon surrounded. The two generals committed suicide and their men were slaughtered. The emperor at once ordered an army to avenge their death and, as a result, many Eleuths were put to the sword and a large number were removed to different localities (see under Chaohui). Bandi and O-jung-an were accorded posthumous honors and were celebrated in the Temple of the Zealots of the Dynasty. The former was canonized as I-lieh 義烈 and the latter as Kang-lieh 剛烈. In honor of these two heroes a temple called Shuang-chung tz'ŭ 雙忠祠 was established where twice a year sacrifices were made. In 1761 an order was issued that Bandi's portrait be painted and hung in the Hall of Military Merits (see under Chao-hui). Bandi's son, Balu 巴祿 (d. 1770), who was permitted to inherit his father's rank of viscount, attained to the position of military lieutenant-governor of Chahar.

[ 1/318/3a; 3/349/1a; Howorth, H. H., History of the Mongols, 1876, Pt. I, pp. 533, 592, 651-659; Tung-hua lu, Ch'ien-lung 21:12; P'ing-ting Chun-ko-êr fang-lüeh chêng-pien (see under Fu-hêng), 20/20b; Balu, 3/287/42a).]

RUFUS O. SUTER

《清史稿》卷312

班第，博爾濟吉特氏，蒙古鑲黃旗人。康熙間，自官學生授內閣中書。五遷，雍正初至內閣學士。四川、雲南徼外與西藏定界，命偕副都統鄂齊如西藏宣諭。遷理藩院侍郎。坐事左遷，在內閣學士上行走。十一年，命在軍機處行走。乾隆三年，授兵部侍郎。外擢湖廣總督。剿鎮筸、永綏亂苗，兩閱月而畢，上嘉焉。五年，以憂還京師。六年，命仍在軍機處行走，授兵部尚書。

十三年，師征金川，授內大臣，出督軍餉，加太子少保。尋按四川巡撫紀山加徵累民狀，命即署巡撫。時訥親、張廣泗師久無功，上諮班第，但言廣泗罪狀，語不及訥親。上諭曰：「班第雖職餉，然為本兵軍機大臣，軍事及將弁功罪，皆職掌所在，不得以督餉，一切置不問。」左遷兵部侍郎。

十四年，予副都統銜赴青海辦事。西藏郡王珠爾默特那木札勒有叛跡，駐藏辦事大臣傅清、拉布敦疏聞。上移班第代拉布敦，未至，珠爾默特那木札勒謀益急，傅清、拉布敦召至廨，誅之。其徒卓呢、羅卜藏札什等遂叛，傅清、拉布敦死之。公班第達執卓呢、羅卜藏札什等，班第至，按訊，又得其黨德什奈等凡二十七人，悉誅之。上以藏酋授王爵名位過重，命班第達以公爵管格隆事，令班第宣諭。班第又疏陳珠爾默特那木札勒與準噶爾通書謀叛狀，上命誅珠爾默特那木札勒妻子。四川總督策楞等以師至，會議西藏善後諸事。西藏大定。十六年，授都統銜。十七年，還京師，仍在軍機處行走，授正紅旗漢軍都統。出署兩廣總督。

十九年，師征準噶爾，復授兵部尚書，署定邊左副將軍，出北路。準噶爾內亂，輝特台吉阿睦爾撒納來降。詔以明歲進兵，諭班第籌畫。班第以軍中駝馬牛羊宜牧地，得扎布堪、呢圭諸處，冬令暖，富水草，令喀爾喀親王額琳沁多爾濟等往督牧。遣兵擒烏梁海宰桑東根、赤倫等，收其眾數千戶。復令參贊大臣薩喇爾將兵擒準噶爾宰桑庫克新瑪木特、通瑪木特，收其眾，得牲畜無算。上獎班第奮勇果斷，予子爵，世授正黃旗領侍衛內大臣，賜白金千。十二月，授定北將軍，召來京示方略。

二十年正月，大舉討準噶爾，班第出北路，阿睦爾撒納授定邊左副將軍為副；永常以定西將軍出西路，薩喇爾授定邊右副將軍為副。班第與阿睦爾撒納等議以二月出師。阿睦爾撒納將六千人先行，班第將二千人繼其後。班第至齊齊克淖爾，以馬不給，令千五百人先，留五百人待馬再進。至喇托輝，與阿睦爾撒納軍合。上以阿睦爾撒納為準噶爾人所知，令其前行易招撫，戒班第仍令阿睦爾撒納先行毋合軍。班第至額爾得里克，復令阿睦爾撒納先行。四月，師至博羅塔拉，得達瓦齊所遣徵兵使者，知伊犁無備。班第謀約西路軍銳進。五月，遂克伊犁。達瓦齊以萬人保格登山，侍衛阿玉錫以二十餘騎擊之，驚走。上獎班第功，封一等誠勇公，賜寶石頂、四團龍補服、金黃縧朝珠。班第以伊犁厄魯特生計甚艱，不足供大兵，六月，疏請留察哈爾兵三百、喀爾喀兵二百移駐伊犁河北尼楚袞治事。諸軍次第遣還。是月，獲達瓦齊，獻俘京師。

軍初出，上察阿睦爾撒納有異志，令班第嚴約束。及伊犁既定，上令和碩特四部部置汗，將以阿睦爾撒納為輝特汗。阿睦爾撒納覬總統四部，意不慊，置副將軍印不用，用故準噶爾台吉噶爾丹策凌菊形小印檄諸部，諱其降，言以中國兵定亂，叛跡漸著。上召阿睦爾撒納，以九月至熱河行在，行飲至禮，與他部汗同受封。參贊大臣色布騰巴爾珠爾率遣還諸軍以歸。阿睦爾撒納乞代奏，冀總統四部，期七月俟命。色布騰巴爾珠爾歸，不敢聞。以班第趣阿睦爾撒納詣熱河，令參贊大臣額林沁多爾濟與俱。阿睦爾撒納怏怏就道，而上念阿睦爾撒納終且叛，諭班第宜乘其未發討之，毋濡忍貽後患。諭至，阿睦爾撒納已行。上又命鄂容安等擒治。

八月，阿睦爾撒納行至烏隴古，解副將軍印還額林沁多爾濟，走額爾齊斯，遂叛。伊犁道梗。阿睦爾撒納之黨克什木、巴朗、敦克多曼集、烏克圖等作亂，班第與鄂容安以五百人拒戰，自固勒札赴空格斯，轉戰至烏蘭庫圖勒，賊大至，圍合。班第拔劍自剄，鄂容安同殉。上初聞班第等陷賊，令參贊大臣策楞自巴里坤間使傳諭毋以身殉。策楞聞訛傳班第等自賊中出，以聞，上解所佩荷包為賜。既聞班第等死事狀，降詔謂：「班第、鄂容安見危授命，固為可憫；然於事無補，非傅清、拉布敦為國除兇者比。」二十一年，師復定伊犁。喪還，上親臨奠，並令執克什木、巴朗等，馘耳以祭。又以薩喇爾同陷賊不能死，令監往旁視。尋以班第義烈，仍如傅清、拉布敦故事，京師建祠，亦曰雙忠。旋復命圖形紫光閣。