Bonifazio III-IV di Canossa, margrave of Tuscany

- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacio_di_Canossa

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BONIFAZIO di Canossa, son of Marchese TEDALDO & his wife Guillia [Willa] --- ([985]-San Martino all'Argine 7 May 1052, bur Mantua Cathedral). The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus names "Tedaldum episcopum urbis Aretine et Bonifacium…et Conradum" as the three sons of "dux et marchio Tedaldus" & his wife[775]. "Teudaldus Marchio et Comes…Comitatu Regensis Comitatus" passed judgment in a property dispute, in the presence of "Bonefacius filio eidem Teudaldi Marchio…", by charter dated 30 Sep 1001[776]. After succeeding his father after [1012], he established his main residence at Mantua. As a symbol of his power, he kept a lion attached to a column outside the palatium which he constructed. He recognised the authority of Konrad II King of Germany as soon as he arrived in Italy following his election to succeed Emperor Heinrich II in 1024. Bonifazio travelled south with the king towards Rome, for his coronation as emperor, helping him besiege and capture Lucca which was defended by Ranieri Marchese of Tuscany. The emperor deprived Ranieri of the marquisate and installed Bonifazio as BONIFAZIO Marchese of Tuscany. In 1037, Bonifazio helped Emperor Konrad capture Pavia from rebels. He also supported Heinrich III King of Germany in his struggles with the papacy, leading to his coronation in Rome in 1046. The emperor, however, felt threatened by the power wielded by Marchese Bonifazio in Italy and unsuccessfully attempted to capture him. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record the death "pridie Non Mai" in 1054 of "Bonifatius marchio"[777]. Bonifazio was ambushed while hunting near Mantua and killed[778].

m firstly ([1010]%29 RICHILDA di Bergamo, daughter of GISELBERTO [II] Conte Palatino, Conte di Bergamo & his wife Anselda of Turin (-after Feb 1036, bur Nogara fortress, near Mantua). The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus names "comitissam Richildam" as the wife of "Bonifacium" but does not give her origin[779]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 3 Sep 1019 by which "Bonefacius Marchio filius quondam Teotaldi…Marchio et Richilda jugalibus filia quondam Giselberti Comitis" donated property to the bishopric of Cremona[780]. "Bonefazius Marchio et Dux Tusciæ et Richida jugales" exchanged property with "Ingonem Episcopus" by charter dated 21 May 1033 which names "Manfredo et Opezo nepotibus meis"[781].

m secondly (Marengo 1037 after Jun) as her first husband, BEATRIX of Upper Lotharingia, daughter of FREDERIC II Duke [of Upper Lotharingia] & his wife Mathilde of Swabia ([1019]-18 Apr 1076, bur Pisa Cathedral). The Chronicon Sancti Michælis, monasterii in pago Virdunensi names "duabus puellulis Sophia et Beatrice" as daughters of the son of "duce Theodorico", specifying that the Empress was their amita who adopted them after their father died[782]. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names (in order) "Beatrix…et Sophia" daughters of "iunior Frederici", specifying that Beatrice married "Bonefacio Italiæ marchioni"[783]. She entered into her share of the succession of her brother in [1037] as Dame du château de Briey, heiress of the lordships of Stenay, Mouzay, Juvigny, Longlier and Orval, the northern part of her family's ancestral lands[784]. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus names "comitissam Beatricam…de Gallia…filia comitis Frederic, mater…domina Matilda" as wife of "Bonifacius"[785]. She married secondly ([Mantua] mid-1054) as his second wife, Godefroi "le Barbu" Comte de Verdun, ex-Duke of Upper Lotharingia, who was appointed Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1065. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage of "Bonifacius…relictam Beatricem" with "Godefridus…cognomento Barbatus", specifying (incorrectly) that she was daughter of "Sigifridi de Brie filii ducis Theoderici"[786]. Regent of Tuscany 1054-1056. Having retired to Verdun with her husband in early 1069 due to his deteriorating health, she returned to Italy after his death and associated her daughter in the government of her Italian estates[787]. The Notæ de Beatrice ducissi Tusciæ et Gisla records the death "1076 XIV Kal Mai" of "Tuscie ductrix Italieque Beatrix"[788]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record the death "IV Kal May" in 1077 of "comitissa Beatrix"[789].

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Bonifatius von Canossa

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Bonifatius (* wohl 985; † 6. Mai 1052 in San Martino dell’Argine) aus der Familie der Herren von Canossa war einer der mächtigsten Adligen in Italien in der ersten Hälfte des 10. Jahrhunderts. Am bekanntesten ist er als Vater der Mathilde von Tuszien. Er war der Sohn des Theobald von Canossa, Graf von Reggio, Modena, Mantua, Brescia und Ferrara.

Er war mit Residenz in Mantua:

   * Herr von Canossa

* vor 1004 Markgraf und Alleinerbe
* 1013/15 Graf von Reggio, Modena, Mantua und Brescia
* 1028/32 Markgraf von Tuscien (Bonifatius IV.), auch als Herzog bezeichnet
* 1051 wohl Herzog von Spoleto und Markgraf von Camerino
Bonifatius heiratete in erster Ehe am 10. Oktober 1010/15 Gräfin Richilde, Erbin von Castel Nogara etc., † nach Februar 1036, Tochter des Giselbert (II.) von Vailate, Pfalzgrafen und Grafen von Bergamo und der Gräfin Anselda, wohl Gräfin von Turin, mit der er eine Tochter hatte, die 1014 geboren wurde und starb.

In zweiter Ehe heiratete er um 1037 Beatrix von Lothringen (* wohl 1017, † 18. April 1076) aus der Familie der Wigeriche, Tochter des Herzogs Friedrich II. von Oberlothringen. Bonifatius und Beatrix hatten drei Kinder:

   * Friedrich, † wohl Juli 1056

* Beatrix, † 1053 vor dem 17. Dezember
* Mathilde (* wohl 1046, † 24. Juli 1115) 1053-1056 und 1070-1115 Herzogin von Tuszien etc.; ∞ I November 1069/April 1070, getrennt 1071, Gottfried IV. der Bucklige, 1065 Herzog von Niederlothringen, ∞ II um 1089, getrennt Sommer 1095, Welf IV. Herzog von Bayern
Bonifatius wurde in der Kirche San Michele in Mantua begraben.

Beatrix übernahm 1052-54/56 die Regentschaft für die minderjährige Mathilde, heiratete im Frühjahr 1054 Herzog Gottfried III. der Bärtige von Niederlothringen und war 1055/56 mit ihrer Tochter als Geisel in Deutschland. 1056 dann wurde Gottfried selbst Markgraf von Tuszien etc., so dass Mathilde erst mit seinem Tod 1069 das Erbe endgültig antreten konnte.

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 3. September 2009 um 03:53 Uhr geändert.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boniface_III,_Margrave_of_Tuscany Boniface III (also Boniface IV or Boniface of Canossa) (c. 985 – 6 May 1052), son of Tedald of Canossa and the father of Matilda of Canossa, was the most powerful north Italian prince of his age. By inheritance he was Count (or lord) of Brescia, Canossa, Ferrara, Florence, Lucca, Mantua, Modena, Pisa, Pistoia, Parma, Reggio, and Verona from 1007 and, by appointment, Margrave of Tuscany[1] from 1027 until his assassination in 1052. He was the son of the Margrave Tedald and Willa of Bologna. The Lombard family's ancestral castle was Canossa and they had held Modena for several generations. They possessed a great many allodial titles and their power lay chiefly in Emilia. Boniface was probably associated with his father before the latter's death. In 1004, with the title marchio, he donated land to the abbey of Polirone, and he appears in two documents of the same year as gloriosus marchio. He kept his court at Mantua, which he transformed into a city of culture: “ With so many magnificent spectacles and feasts that all posterity and all their contemporaries marvelled thereat.[2] ” In 1014, Boniface aided the Emperor Henry II in putting down Arduin, Margrave of Ivrea, self-styled King of Italy, a royal title that the Emperor did not recognise. His father nominated him as heir over his brothers and, in 1016, he was again fighting alongside the emperor, this time against the Margrave of Turin, Ulric Manfred II. In 1020, he defeated a rebellion of his brother Conrad, but the two reconciled and both were later recorded as duces. In 1027, he supported the candidacy of Conrad II of Germany for the Iron Crown of Lombardy and the Imperial Crown against the other claimaints: William V of Aquitaine, Robert II of France, or Hugh Magnus. When Boniface's Lombard enemies tried to incite his brother against him, the two (Boniface and his brother Conrad) offered battle to them at Coviolo, near Reggio, and emerged victorious, though Conrad was killed.[3] When Conrad II finally succeeded in entering Italy, he was met with defiance at Lucca and he deposed the reigning margrave of Tuscany, Rainier, and gave his lands and titles to Boniface. This seems to be the probable scenario, though the exact date of Boniface's assumption of the Tuscan lordship is uncertain.[4] Boniface subdued Pavia and Parma, in revolt against the Emperor, and the Emperor made a treaty with Boniface, an act which has been construed as recognition of Boniface's independence.[5] In 1032, he was at war with the rebel Odo II, Count of Blois, Chartres, Meaux, and Troyes. In 1037, he helped put down a revolt against the Emperor Conrad. In 1043, for services rendered the Empire, he received the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino. He also acquired more land in Parma and Piacenza, and his chief residence in this time was at Mantua. In 1039, he travelled to Miroalto to aid the Emperor Henry III against the rebellious Odo of Blois. While he was returning, he destroyed the grain fields of the region and the enraged populace retaliated and stole some of his retainers' horses. It was during his blood reprisal that Boniface made his most famous recorded statement. Preparing to hack off the ears and nose of a young man, Boniface was confronted by the youth's mother, who begged him be spared and promised him her son's weigh in silver. Boniface replied to his offer that he "was no merchant, but a soldier," adding: “ Absit ut hostes ferro capti redimantur argento. Far be it that what was captured by steel should be redeemed with silver.[6] ”
In 1046, Henry III entered Italy to be crowned Emperor. Boniface received the emperor and his empress, Agnes of Poitou, with honour and munificence on their arrival at Piacenza and his governor did so at Mantua on their return journey. The relationship between Boniface and Henry, however, soon deteriorated in 1047. The reasons for this are debated. Henry may have been fearful of Boniface's wealth and power, and on several subsequent occasions tried to arrest him.[7] On the other hand, Boniface may have allied with the Counts of Tusculum, their relatives the Popes, and Guaimar IV of Salerno.[8] Thus, despite his quashing revolts on Henry's behalf, Henry came to resent his power, as he did with Guaimar. In 1048, he supported the abdicated Pope Benedict IX when he tried to retake his throne and he extended his domains at the expense of ecclesiastic lands. In fact, his habit of cheating the church of land, especially the Diocese of Reggio, by offering some small farm land and an annual rent in turn for it was legendary. He rarely paid the promised rents. However, Boniface eventually joined the reform party of Leo IX and was present at the Synod of Pavia in 1049. In his later years, he kept the Abbey of Pomposa well-endowed for the sake of his soul and even confessed to simony and permitted Guido of Pomposa to flagellate him in punishment for it. He tried to restrict the rights of his valvassores, despite Conrad's imperial edict of 1037. It was this action against his undertenants which got him killed in 1052, during a hunting expedition. This version of Boniface's death is disputed. Some have alleged that Henry played a part in his assassination. It is also held by some that in 1044 there was an attempt made on the margrave's life at Brescia and that the conspirators fled to Verona, which Boniface subsequently sacked before expelling some Veronese conspirators from Mantua as well. One Scarpetta Carnevari apparently nursed a grudge for this act and years later, while Boniface was preparing a galley for a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, shot him with a poisoned arrow on the river Oglio, near Martino dall'Argine in the region of Spineta while on the hunt.[9] Boniface's first marriage (before 1015) was to Richilda, daughter of Giselbert II, Count Palatine of Bergamo. Richilda took little part in Boniface's government and was dead by 1034, leaving him no children. In 1037, he married Beatrice, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Upper Lorraine and Count of Bar, and niece of the Empress Gisela, wife of Conrad II. They celebrated their marriage in high style, keeping court at Marengo for three months afterwards. Beatrice also had but a small role in the rule of Tuscany, but she did bear her husband three children. The eldest, Beatrice, died in 1053, shortly after Boniface. The only son, Frederick, succeeded his father, but died soon after. The youngest child was Matilda, who inherited the great patrimony from Frederick. Beatrice remarried in 1054 to Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine, who ruled until his death in 1069.

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