Bruno Billung, Graf in Sachsen

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Bruno Billung, Graf in Sachsen

Danish: Egbert Graf in Sachsen
Also Known As: "Duke of Saxony", "Bruno", "Duke of East Saxony", "VonSachsen/", "Bruno //", "Brun", "or Brau."the queen's brother", "" meaning that his sister Liutgard was married to Louis the Younger"
Birthdate:
Birthplace: Sachsen, Ostfrankreich
Death: February 02, 880 (39-50)
Lüneburg Heath (German: Lüneburger Heide), Lower Saxony (now Germany) (killed fighting against Norse warriors in the Battle of Luneburg Heath)
Immediate Family:

Son of Liudolf I "the Great", Duke of Saxony and Oda of Thuringia
Brother of Otto I the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony; Thankmar Ludolfingowie; Oda von Sachsen von Stade; Unknown von Sachsen; Gerberga and 5 others

Occupation: aus der Familie der Brunonen, King of Bavaria, Duk of Saxony, Markgreve, Duke of Saxony., Saxon Count, Count, Count of Saxony, Markgreve i Östra Sachen 864-880, Milite
Managed by: Private User
Last Updated:

About Bruno Billung, Graf in Sachsen

Bruno, Duke of Saxony From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno,_Duke_of_Saxony

  • St. Bruno of Saxony
  • Bruno dux, depiction in the Chronica sancti Pantaleonis (about 1237)
  • Duke and Martyr
  • Born c. 830/840
  • Died 2 February 880 Battle of Luneburg Heath
  • Venerated in Catholic Church
  • Major shrine Ebstorf Abbey
  • Feast 2 February
  • Patronage Brunswick

Bruno, also called Brun or Braun (c. 830/840 – 2 February 880), a member of the Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Saxony from 866 until his death. He is rated as an ancestor of the Brunonids, a cadet branch of the Ottonians, though an affiliation is uncertain. Bruno was killed fighting against Norse warriors in the Battle of Luneburg Heath and is venerated as one of the Ebsdorf Martyrs.

Life

He was the eldest son of the Saxon count Liudolf (died 866) and his wife, Oda of Billung. His father held large estates in Eastphalia along the Leine river, where in 852 he founded the Brunshausen monastery. Bruno succeeded his father and is mentioned as a count in 877.

While Liudolf is described as dux orientalis Saxonum, i.e. leader in East Saxony (Eastphalia), it is possible that Bruno, according to the Res gestae saxonicae by the medieval chronicler Widukind of Corvey, already was dux totius Saxonum, duke (Herzog) of all Saxony. The rise of his family in East Francia is documented by the fact that Bruno's sister Liutgard in 874 married the Carolingian prince Louis the Younger, second son of King Louis the German, whereafter he is called ducem et fratrem reinæ, "duke and the queen's brother" in the Annales Fuldenses. Nothing is known of Bruno's marriage and children.

He supported his brother-in-law Louis the Younger in the fights with his uncle, Emperor Charles the Bald. As Saxon commander-in-chief during the Viking invasions, he died, along with several other noblemen, in a battle against "Norsemen" warriors (probably a Danish contingent of the Great Heathen Army, defeated by King Alfred the Great) on Candlemas Day, 2 February 880.[1] The mid-winter battle was a crushing defeat; Duke Bruno, the bishops of Minden and Hildesheim, as well as twelve Saxon counts and several other noblemen were killed. According to the chronicler Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg, Bruno died in a flooded river, which probably took place during the battle or a retreat.[2] He was succeeded by his younger brother Otto the Illustrious, whose son Henry the Fowler became King of East Francia in 919.

Veneration

Bruno is venerated as a saint and martyr in the Catholic Church, being honored with a feast day on 2 February under the name St. Bruno of Saxony. About 1160 his relics were translated by the Dannenberg counts to Ebstorf Abbey near Uelzen, which from the 14th century was defined as the place of the 880 battle and became a major pilgrimage site.

According to tradition, Bruno is also the founder of Brunswick as well as the ancestor of the local count Brun I (a candidate in the royal election of 1002) and his Brunonid descendants. Consistent naming suggests a kinship, however, some mentions appear to refer to an earlier Saxon margrave called Brun the Younger, possibly Bruno's grandfather.

See also Ebstorf Map

Notes

  1. AF, 880 (p. 88 and n4).
  2. Bruno, son of Liudolf, died in one of two battles (one at the river Scheldt and one in Saxony) which are reported separately in the Annales Fuldenses. The Gesta Francorum lists "Bardonum…alterum Bardonum [et] tertium Bardonum" as three of the twelve counts who were killed fighting the Danes in 880[120]. The other two counts named "Bardo" or "Bruno" have not been identified.

Sources

  • Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.

ODA (-17 May 913). m LIUDOLF Liudolf & his wife had [twelve] children:

1. [Bruno Billung, Graf in Sachsen Bruno] (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880). The Annalista Saxo records "Brunonis ducis" as brother of "Otto filius Liudolfi ducis"[135]. "Hludowicus…rex" granted immunities to Kloster Gandersheim, naming "Brun et Otto nostri fideles comites…[et] Liutolf genitor eorum…[et]…Gerbirg soror eorundem comitum" by charter dated 26 Jan 877[136]. The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem reginæ, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[137]. The Gesta Francorum lists "Brun ducem et fratrem reginæ" as one of the twelve counts who were killed fighting the Danes in 880[138]. Thietmar records that "Duke Bruno…great uncle" of Bruno Archbishop of Köln, was drowned in a flooded river on 2 Feb while on an expedition against the Danes[139]. The Erchanberti Breviarum records that "Ludovicus rex Franciæ" had one son "Hug…de concubina" who [in 880] fought the Vikings "cum Theoderico et Marcwardo…episcopis et Bardone fratre Liutkardæ reginæ"[140], "Bardone" presumably being an error for "Brunone", although this version appears to conflate two battles (one at the river Scheldt and one in Saxony) which are reported separately in the Annales Fuldenses. The Gesta Francorum lists "Bardonum…alterum Bardonum [et] tertium Bardonum" as three of the twelve counts who were killed fighting the Danes in 880[141]. The other two counts named "Bardo" or "Bruno" have not been identified. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B'''
2. Otto "der Erlauchte" (-30 Nov 912[142], bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche). The Annalista Saxo records "Otto" as "filius Liudolfi ducis"[143]. Graf im Südthüringau. Graf im Eichsfeld 888. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
- see below.
3. Thankmar. Europäische Stammtafeln[144] names Thankmar as a son of Liudolf & his wife but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified. [Abbot of Corvey 877/79]. “Ludolphus comes” donated property “in Daelhem et in Adonhusen” to Corvey monastery “pro filio suo Tancmaro”[145]. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
4. Liutgard (-17 or 30 Nov 885, bur Aschaffenburg). Widukind names "Liudgardam sororem Brunonis ac magni ducis Oddonis" as wife of "orientales Francos imperantium Hluthowicus"[146]. "Hludowicus…rex" made a donation of property in "villa…Winenheim" to Kloster Lorsch in the name of "comiti…Werinhario" by charter dated 4 Jan 877, naming "coniuge nostra Liutgarda"[147]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 885 of "Liutgart regina"[148]. The death and burial place of "Liudgardis regina" are recorded in the Annalista Saxo[149]. m (before 29 Nov 874) LUDWIG, son of LUDWIG II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks & his wife Emma [Welf] ([835]-Frankfurt-am-Main 20 Jan 882, bur Kloster Lorsch). He succeeded his father in 876 as LUDWIG III "der Jüngere" King of the East Franks, Saxony and ½ Lotharingia. King of Bavaria 879. King of Lotharingia 880. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
5. Enda . Europäische Stammtafeln[150] names Enda as a daughter of Liudolf & his wife, and her marriage, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified. m ---. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
6. Hathumod 840-29 Sep 874, bur Brunnshausen). The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that "Hathamodam eius ducis [Liudolfi] filiam" was was installed as first abbess of Gandersheim in 852, and that she died 18 years later[151]. Her life and death are recounted in the Vita et Obitus Hathamodæ[152]. Her death is recorded in the Annalista Saxo[153]. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
7. Gerberga (-5 Sep [896/97]). The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that "Gerbergam sororem [Hathamod%C3%A6]" succeeded her sister as second abbess of Gandersheim[154]. "Gerburgis" is named sister of "Hathumod"[155], whom she succeeded as Abbess of Gandersheim in 874[156]. "Hludowicus…rex" granted immunities to Kloster Gandersheim, naming "Brun et Otto nostril fideles comites…[et] Liutolf genitor eorum…[et]…Gerbirg soror eorundem comitum" by charter dated 26 Jan 877[157]. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
8. Christina (-1 Apr [919/20], bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche). Thankmar records that "Sororem autem eius [=Gerburgis [et] Hathumod] Cristinam" entered Gandersheim, specifying that they were all daughters of "Oda"[158]. Abbess of Gandersheim 897-897. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
9. daughter (-young). Europäische Stammtafeln[159] refers to an unnamed daughter of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
10. son (-young). Europäische Stammtafeln[160] refers to two or three unnamed sons of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
11. son (-young). Europäische Stammtafeln[161] refers to two or three unnamed sons of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B
12. [son (-young). Europäische Stammtafeln[162] refers to two or three unnamed sons of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.] http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SAXONY.htm#Liudolfdied866B


Bruno, Brun, or Braun (died 2 February 880) was the Duke of Saxony from 866 to his death. He was the elder son of Liudolf, progenitor of the Liudolfing dynasty and described as dux orientalis Saxonum, duke of East Saxony. It is possible that Bruno was dux totius Saxonum, duke of all Saxony.

He died, along with several other Saxon noblemen, in a battle against the Vikings (probably Danes) on 2 February 880.[1] The battle was a defeat and two bishops were killed. Bruno is listed as one of twelve counts also killed. He is called ducem et fratrem reinæ: dux and "the queen's brother," meaning that his sister Liutgard was married to Louis the Younger. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Bruno died in a flooded river while on campaign against the Danes in 880. This probably took place during the battle or during a retreat.

According to legend, Bruno is the founder of Brunswick and ancestor of the Brunonen, counts of Brunswick.

Sources

   * Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.


The Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024), named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names. The Ottonian rulers are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire.

Ottonian family tree

[edit]Ruling in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire

Although never Emperor, Henry I the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, was arguably the founder of this imperial dynasty, since his election as German king made it possible for his son, Otto the Great to take on the imperium. Since Otto I most of the German kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor. Under the reign of the Ottonian rulers, the kingdom of the Eastern Franks finally became Germany with the conclusion of the unification of the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria into one empire. Also the union of Germany with the Holy Roman Empire, which dominated the German history until 1806, began with the coronation of Otto I the Great in Rome in 962. But the projected restoration of the Roman Empire failed already under Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor.

After the extinction of the Ottonian dynasty with the death of Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1024 the crown passed to the Salian dynasty. Luitgard, a daughter of Emperor Otto I had married the Salian Duke Conrad the Red of Lorraine. His great-grandson was Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Ottonian Kings and Emperors:

Henry I the Fowler, King of the Germans and Duke of Saxony, died 936

Otto I the Great, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Saxony, died 973

Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, died 983

Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, died 1002

Saint Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, died 1024

Some other famous members of the Liudolfing or Ottonian House:

Liudolf, Count of Saxony, died 864/866

Saint Altfrid, Bishop of Hildesheim, died 874

Brun, Duke of Saxony, died 880

Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, died 912

Gerberga of Saxony, died 954

Henry I, Duke of Bavaria, died 955

Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, died 957

Hedwige of Saxony, died 965

Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia, died 965

William, Archbishop of Mainz, died 968

Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg, died 999

Adelheid I, Abbess of Quedlinburg, died 1044

Otto, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, died 982

Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, the Wrangler, died 995

Bruno, Bishop of Augsburg, died 1029

[edit]See also

Kings of Germany family tree. The Ottonians were the 3rd dynasty to rule Germany and were related by marriage to all the others.

Ottonian Renaissance

Ottonian art

Ottonian architecture

Concordat of Worms

[edit]References

Karl Leyser, "Ottonian Government" The English Historical Review 96.381 (October 1981), pp 721-753.



(Wikipedia): Bruno, Brun, or Braun (died 2 February 880) was the Duke of Saxony from 866 to his death. He was the elder son of Liudolf, Progenitor of the Liudolfing dynasty and described as dux orientalis Saxonum, duke of East Saxony. It is possible that Bruno was dux totius Saxonum, duke of all Saxony. He died, along with several other Saxon noblemen, in a battle against the Vikings (probably Danes) on 2 February 880. The battle was a defeat and two bishops were killed. Bruno is listed as one of twelve counts also killed. He is called ducem et fratrem reinae: dux and "the queen's brother," meaning that his sister Liutgard was married to Louis the Younger. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Bruno died in a flooded river while on campaign against the Danes in 880. This probably took place during the battle or during a retreat. According to legend, Bruno is the founder of Brunswick and ancestor of the Brunonen, counts of Brunswick.

Source: Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992. pp. 88 and n4.


Bruno, Duke of Saxony

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bruno, Brun, or Braun (died 2 February 880) was the Duke of Saxony from 866 to his death. He was the elder son of Liudolf, progenitor of the Liudolfing dynasty and described as dux orientalis Saxonum, duke of East Saxony. It is possible that Bruno was dux totius Saxonum, duke of all Saxony.

He died, along with several other Saxon noblemen, in a battle against the Vikings (probably Danes) on 2 February 880.[1] The battle was a defeat and two bishops were killed. Bruno is listed as one of twelve counts also killed. He is called ducem et fratrem reinæ: dux and "the queen's brother," meaning that his sister Liutgard was married to Louis the Younger. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Bruno died in a flooded river while on campaign against the Danes in 880. This probably took place during the battle or during a retreat.

According to legend, Bruno is the founder of Brunswick and ancestor of the Brunonen, counts of Brunswick.

Sources

Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.



książę saski (dux totius Saxonum) 866-880.

Poległ w walce z Wikingami



Bruno, Brun, or Braun (died 2 February 880) was the Duke of Saxony from 866 to his death. He was the elder son of Duke Liudolf of Saxony, progenitor of the Liudolfing dynasty and his wife Oda of Billung. While his father is described as dux orientalis Saxonum, duke of East Saxony, it is possible that Bruno, according to Widukind of Corvey, was dux totius Saxonum, duke of all Saxony.

He died, along with several other Saxon noblemen, in a battle against the Vikings (probably Danes) on 2 February 880.[1] The battle near Ebstorf was a crushing defeat and two bishops as well as twelve counts, among them Bruno, were killed. He is called ducem et fratrem reinæ: dux and "the queen's brother," meaning that his sister Liutgard was married to King Louis the Younger. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Bruno died in a flooded river while on campaign against the Danes in 880. This probably took place during the battle or during a retreat.

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Bruno Billung, Graf in Sachsen's Timeline

830
830
Sachsen, Ostfrankreich
866
866
- February 2, 880
Age 36
Ducato di Sassonia, Sassonia, Germany
880
February 2, 880
Age 50
Lüneburg Heath (German: Lüneburger Heide), Lower Saxony (now Germany)
2000
April 25, 2000
Age 50
2003
April 4, 2003
Age 50
2004
May 18, 2004
Age 50
????
????
Duke of Saxony
????
????