Cynia (Cinya) Houle

Cynia was a Chippewa-Cree woman of the Turtle Mountian Chippewa Band

The Chippewa-Cree People are a Native American tribe who live in the northern United States and southern Canada, primarily Montana. They are a combination of the Chippewa (also known as Ojibwe) and Cree peoples, with a distinct culture that reflects both their shared and unique heritage.

Belcourt is the only town on the Turtle Mountain Reservation and is home to the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa's tribal headquarters. The Turtle Mountain Reservation is primarily settled by mixed-blood people.
In 1856, Father Belcourt, a missionary, built a mill at Pembina Mountains, where 1,500 French-Canadian, Cree, Chippewa, and Assiniboine Métis people had settled. The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians mingled with the Cree and other tribes in the area. Some children of Frenchmen and their Ojibway and Cree wives became known as "Métis" or "Metchif".
St. Ann's Indian Mission has been serving the spiritual and material needs of the Ojibwe, Cree, and Metis people who lived in the northern Dakota territory since the mid-18th century.

Biography:
Born c. 1865...

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vansihed in Hiawatha, Cynia was a Cree woman, but the letter dated February 23, 1934, by Dr. L.L> Culp to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs identifies her as Turtle Mountian Chippewa from Belcourt, N.D. Cynia was admitted to the Canton Asylum on June 22, 1911, and diagnosed as manic-depressive. (Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness or manic depression) is a mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration. These shifts can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks.

According to the letter dated February 23, 1934, by Dr. L.L. Culp to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Cynia died at the Canton Asylum on January 17, 1932, at the age of 69, and was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery on January 19 in tier 3 plot 50.

Her profile is part of the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Canton_Asylum The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-Neither John nor Cynia is in the June 30, 1930 census, implying that John had died while Cynia was in the Canton Asylum
-In June 30, 1906, the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa fell under the jurisdiction of the Fort Totten Agency (Devils Lake Sioux and Turtle Mountain Chippewa Indians), N.D., neither John nor Cynia shows up in that census although many other members of the Houle extended family that are included in the Turtle Mountain Agency (Chippewa Indians) census reports.
-Indian census reports from the Devils Lake Agency 1886-1890 show the increase in size of the extended Houle family, but no John and Cynia
-Not in the Devils Lake 1905 census...
-Cynia Houly is NOT on the Canton Asylum 1932 census confirming that she died before June 30, 1932
-NO census report shows that John and Cynia had children, nor do any show parents.
-Only the 1929 census indicates that Cynia was "Insane" and at Canton although many Canton census reports show her being resident there.
-Husband John's date of death is unknown, his last appearance in census reports is June 30, 1929, so sometime after...
__________
Sources:

1907 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll161unit/page/n541/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 325/867, line 1275, census of the Turtle Mountain Band Chippewa Indians, Ft. Totten Indian School, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1908 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll161unit/page/n324/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 542/867, line 1315, census of the Turtle Mountain Band Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1909 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll161unit/page/n787/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 788/867, line 1366, census of the Turtle Mountain Band Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1910 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll595unit/page/n95/mode/1.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 96/580 (document pg 88), line 1415, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency (DL), North Dakota

1911 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll595unit/page/n276/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 277/580 (document pg 100), line 1440, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency (DL), North Dakota

1912 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll595unit/page/n474/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 475/580 (document pg 104), line 1424 (Cynia and John both age 49), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency

1913 Nov 19 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll596unit/page/n111/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 112/683, line 1459 (Cynia and John both age 50), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1914 Sep 2 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll596unit/page/n340/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 341/683, line 1533 (Cynia b. 1863 John b. 1856), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1915 Jun 10 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll596unit/page/n568/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 569/683, line 1575 (Cinya (Manatis), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1916 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll597unit/page/n122/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 123/962, line 1617 (Cinya (Manatis), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1917 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=880, line 52, Canton Asylum female census

1917 Jul 16 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll597unit/page/n358/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 359/962, line 1617 (Cinya (Manatis), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1917 Oct 1 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=776, line 59, Canton Asylum School Quarterly Report census

1918 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll597unit/page/n581/mode/.... Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 582/962, line 1617 (Cinya (Manatis)), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1918 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=887, line 14, Canton Asylum female census

1919 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll598unit/page/n107/mode/... 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 108/614, line 1647 (Cinya (Manatis)), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1920 Jan 30 - "United States Census, 1920", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6J7-FNJ : Fri Dec 22 16:11:06 UTC 2023), Entry for Cynia Houle, 1920, pg. 652/1130, line 80 (age 56), census of the Asylum for Indians, Canton Township, Lincoln county, South Dakota

1920 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll598unit/page/n305/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 306/614, line 1688, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1920 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=899, line 16, Canton Asylum female census

1921 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4G37-23PZ : Thu Oct 05 00:30:32 UTC 2023), Entry for Mary C Houle, 1921, pg. 508/617, line 1764, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N.D.

1921 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z4-CZ73 : Sat Oct 07 00:06:24 UTC 2023), Entry for Cynia Houle, 1921, pg. 509/522, line 18, Canton Asylum female census

1921 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll598unit/page/n505/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 506/614, line 1764, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1922 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll599unit/page/n105/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 106/817, line 1826, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1922 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=1042, line 18, Canton Asylum female census

1923 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll599unit/page/n327/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 328/817, line 1875, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1923 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=32, line 19, Canton Asylum female census

1924 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z4-F71M : Thu Oct 05 15:02:03 UTC 2023), Entry for Cynia Houle, 1924, pg. 516/522, line 22, Canton Asylum female census

1924 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll599unit/page/n611/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 619/817, line 1888, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1925 - "South Dakota State Census, 1925", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MM49-KYM : Wed Oct 04 23:38:27 UTC 2023), Entry for Cynia Houle, 1925, page 830/3356, card #624, Myrtle, Bon Homme, South Dakota, United States

1925 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll600unit/page/n82/mode/1..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 83/574, line 1933, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1925 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=117, line 21, Canton Asylum femele census

1926 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll600unit/page/n260/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 261/574, line 2037, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1926 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=168, line 22, Canton Asylum female census

1927 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll600unit/page/n486/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 487/574, line 2045, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1927 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=186, line 23, Canton Asylum female census

1928 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll601unit/page/n125/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 126/644, line 2108, census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1928 Jun 30 -Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=211, line 21, Canton Asylum female census

1929 Jun 30 - United States. National Archives and Records Service, and Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll601unit/page/n432/mode/..., Accessed 19 Feb. 2024, pg. 433/644, line 2108 (Insane Canton), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Band, North Dakota

1929 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=329, line 22, Canton Asylum female census

1930 - "United States Census, 1930", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XQVC-B9X : Thu Oct 05 12:23:16 UTC 2023), Entry for Cynia Houle, 1930, pg. 611/1062, line 63 (Inmate age 65, full-blooded Cree), census of the Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1930 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=351, line 23, Canton Asylum female census

1931 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=371, line 21, Canton Asylum female census

1932 Jan 19 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493776/cynia-houle: accessed February 24, 2024), memorial page for Cynia Houle (unknown–19 Jan 1932), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493776, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400). (Note: date is burial, not death)

1932 Jan 19 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Mary Bah 8-25-30 · Cynia Houle 1-19-32 · Drag Toes 2-24-32 (date is burial, not death)