Dr. Victor Anton Conrad

On 10 May 1939, he and his wife Ida sailed from Southampton aboard the SS Aquitania, arriving in New York on 16 May 1939. They were bound for Pennsylvania State College (today the University Park campus of Penn State) in State College, Pennsylvania. The passenger manifest lists his place of birth as Vienna, Austria; hers Hainfeld, Austria. Their passports had been issued in Vienna on 21 Mar 1939. They were both naturalized by the US District Court in Boston, MA, on 8 Aug 1944. They were living in Cambridge. After he died, he was cremated at Mount Auburn Cemetery on 30 Apr 1962. Ida retrieved his remains on 23 Jul 1962. After Ida died and was cremated, their remains were placed together in an urn vault in Story Chapel at Mount Auburn Cemetery on 12 Jun 1970.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Conrad

Victor Conrad was an Austrian-American physicist, seismologist and meteorologist. He was the first director of the Austrian seismological service, and a reputed academician of international accomplishment. He was politically victimized twice, in 1919 for his ethnicity and in 1934 as a socialist. He emigrated to the United States in 1938, continuing his academic career in New York, California and at Cambridge. Conrad’s scientific work is documented in more than 240 papers concerning meteorology, climatology and seismology. He first deduced the continental crust transition structure what is now named the Conrad discontinuity.

Contents [hide] 1 Studies and early seismology work in Vienna 2 Professor at Czernowitz and Vienna 3 Emigration and further career 4 The Conrad observatory 5 Biographies 6 References 7 External links Studies and early seismology work in Vienna[edit] Victor Conrad was born on August 25, 1876 in Hütteldorf, Lower Austria (then a suburb and now part of Vienna). His father, an industrialist, was also an amateur painter of landscapes.

Conrad attended the University of Vienna where he initially studied biology. In 1896, when he started working on his degree Conrad’s teacher, the physiologist Sigmund Exner, realized his pupil's talent for experimental work, and encouraged Conrad to take up the study of physics. Following a suggestion of Franz S. Exner he began to work on problems concerning atmospheric electricity and obtained his doctorate in 1900. Conrad became a University assistant at the “K.K. Centralanstalt für Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus” (the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics) in 1901, mostly working at the Sonnblick high-altitude observatory for the next three years. In 1904, when the Seismological Service of Austria was established, Conrad was appointed head of the new department and became responsible for the seismic monitoring on Austrian territory. Among his first programs was a microseismic survey in 1905.

Professor at Czernowitz and Vienna[edit] In 1910 Conrad accepted a newly created chair for "cosmic physics" at the University of Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi in Ukraine) which at this time belonged to Austria-Hungary's Bukovina region, and had native German speakers accounting for more than half of its students.[1] From 1916 to 1918, during World War I, he was a director of Meteorological and Astronomical Observatory in Belgrade, Serbia. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy at the end of World War I the university was rumanized and Conrad was forced to leave Czernowitz at the end of July 1919, losing not only his professorship but also his private assets. He returned to his former position at the Central Meteorological Institute and later as a full professor at Vienna. During his analyses of two earthquakes that occurred in Austria in 1923 and 1927 he discovered what is today known as the Conrad discontinuity, considered to be the border between the upper and the lower continental crust.

Emigration and further career[edit] As a member of Austria's socialist party, Conrad faced political discrimination after the brief and decisive Austrian Civil War. On April 30, 1934 he was put on leave with waiting pay. He retired in 1936, and emigrated to the United States in 1938 where he once again brought his career to bloom, 1940-1942 at New York University, then at the California Institute of Technology, the University of Chicago, and finally (from 1944) at Harvard University from where he retired in 1951.

The Conrad observatory[edit] When Victor Conrad died at Cambridge in 1962, his widow Ida bequeathed the majority of the couple's assets to the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, on the condition that the funds be used to establish a research institution bearing her late husband's name. This took place in the form of the Conrad Observatory for Seismology, situated about 50 km from Vienna near Gutenstein. Its module for seismology and gravimetry, became operational in 2002; the final module, for geomagnetic research, is still under construction in 2009.