Duke Ernst I of Brunswick-Lüneburg

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Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Duke Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 27 June 1497, Uelzen – 11 January 1546, also frequently called Ernest the Confessor, was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a champion of the protestant cause during the early years of the Protestant Reformation. He ruled the Lüneburg-Celle subdivision of the Welf family's Brunswick-Lüneburg duchy from 1520 until his death.

He was the son of Henry I, Duke of Lüneburg, and Margarete of Saxony, the daughter of Ernest, Elector of Saxony.

In 1512 he was sent to the court of his mother's brother at Wittenberg, the Wettin elector Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (Frederick the Wise), and received instruction there from Georg Spalatin in the University of Wittenberg; he remained at Wittenberg through the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. In 1520 his father, Henry was banned by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and abdicated the same year giving the government of the duchy over to his two sons, Otto and Ernest.

By the retirement of Otto in 1527 Ernest became sole ruler. The condition of his domain was not prosperous. Political considerations doubtless furthered the introduction of the Reformation; amongst the commoners it offered opportunity to restrict the privileges of the nobles and the clergy and from the nobles point of view, the chance to increase the revenues from church and monastery property. The forerunner of the Reformation in Lüneburg was a certain Wolf Cyclop, a physician from Zwickau, who was not free from the Zwickau enthusiasm. Saner men followed him, such as Gottschalk Cruse, Heinrich Bock, sad Matthäus Mylow.

Ernest was inclined to move slowly, but in 1525 the Peasants' War gave him occasion to call upon the monasteries for lists of their property and to require them to admit Protestant preachers; he promised the elector of Saxony to stand by the Protestant cause. After an attempt of the Roman Catholic party to reinstate his father in 1527 had failed, his course became more decided.

In July, 1527, the first book of discipline was adopted, drawn up by the preachers of Celle. At a diet in August of the same year it was ordered that "God's pure word should be preached everywhere without additions made by men." Between 1527 and 1530 Lutheran preachers were introduced in most parishes, and into the monasteries, not in all cases without compulsion. Ernest went to Augsburg in 1530 and signed the Confession. He brought back Urbanus Rhegius, who worked for the spread of the Reformation (after 1541 as superintendent) and introduced it into the city of Lüneburg. The largest and richest monastery in the land, St. Michael's in Lüneburg, accepted the new order after the death of Abbot Boldewin in 1532. Rhegius died in 1541 and was succeeded by Martin Ondermark, who completed the former's work.

In general it may be said that the preachers were well disposed to the reformed religion, while the people held to the old and only gradually adapted themselves to the new. During the Schmalkald War the land remained true to the Gospel. After 1530 Ernest was the most influential prince of North Germany. He sent Rhegius to Hanover when the Reformation there threatened to become revolution and restored order. In the cities of Westphalia he strengthened the Protestant party against both the Roman Catholics and the enthusiasts, although his efforts were vain in Münster. His influence was also felt in Pomerania and Mecklenburg, in Hoya, and in East Friesland.

His most effective work probably was accomplished by his restless activity for the Schmalkald League. He induced the North German cities, Hamburg, Bremen, Brunswick, Göttingen, and others to join, and he often became the successful mediator when a rupture was threatened between the overcautious elector of Saxony and the headstrong Philip of Hesse. While Ernest sometimes used harsh measures to accomplish his will, and was actuated by a desire to exalt his position as ruler as well as by higher motives, yet, on the whole, he was faithful to his motto, aliis inseruiendo corcsumor.

His four sons at his death were still minors, but the Protestant Church of Lüneburg was so firmly established that it could survive the regency and the unhappy time of the Schmalkald War, and to this day the church life of Lüneburg bears the character impressed upon it by Ernest the Confessor.

Ernest married Sophia, daughter of Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Ursula of Brandenburg, on 2 June 1528 in Schwerin. They had the following children who reached adulthood:

Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1530-1559)

Frederick (1532-1553)

Henry VII, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1533-1598)

Margaret (1534-1596), married John, Count of Mansfeld See

William VI, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535-1592)

Elizabeth Ursula (1539-1586), married Otto IV, Count of Holstein-Schauenburg-Pinneburg

Magdalena Sophia (1540-1586), married Arnold, Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt

Sophia (1541-1631), married Poppo XVIII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen

Källa Sahlins släktarkiv, Wikipedia,

Ernast Bekännaren av Zelle Bruanschweig-Luneburg.

Var hertig i provinsen Braunschweig-Lüneburg, regerande furstu av Lüneburg 1520-1546.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_I._(Braunschweig-L%C3%BCneburg)

http://genealogy.euweb.cz/welf/welf6.html

Ernst I Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1522-46), *Ulzen 1497, +Celle 1546; m.Schwerin 1528 Sofie von Mecklenburg (*1508 +1541); They had issue:

   * A1. Franz Otto Herzog von Braunschweig-Celle, *1530, +Celle 29.4.1559; m.Cöln an der Spree 5.2.1559 Pss Elisabeth Magdalene von Brandenburg (*Berlin 6.11.1537, +Berlin 22.8.1595)

* A2. Friedrich, *2.6.1532, +k.a.Celle 20.7.1553
* A3. Heinrich Herzog von Braunschweig-Celle (1546-69) and Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1569-98), in Dannenberg 1569, *Celle 4.6.1533, +Dannenberg 19.1.1598; m.1569 Pss Ursula von Sachsen-Lauenburg (*1552/53, +Scharnebeck 12.10.1620)
o B1. Julius Ernst Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1598-36), in Dannenberg 1635, *Dannenberg 1571, +there 1636; 1m: Dannenberg 25.4.1614 Gfn Marie von Ostfriesland (*1.5.1582 +9.7.1616); 2m: Dannenberg 23.11.1617 Sibylle von Braunschweig-Lüneburg
+ C1. [1m.] Siegmund Heinrich, *Dannenberg 30.8.1614, +Dannenberg 1.11.1614
+ C2. [2m.] August, *and +1619
+ C3. [1m.] Marie Katharine, *Dannenberg 10.6.1616, +Grabow 1.7.1665; m.Schwerin 15.2.1635 Herzog Adolf Friedrich I von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (+27.2.1658)
+ C4. [2m.] Anna Marie, *and +1622
o B2. Franz, a canon in Strassburg, *Dannenberg 6.6.1572, +drowned in the Rench nr.Renchenloch 24.12.1601
o B3. Heinrich, *25.10.1574, +17.7.1575
o B4. August II Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1635-66), in Dannenberg 1636, *Dannenberg 10.4.1579, +Wolfenbüttel 17.9.1666; 1m: Strelitz 13.12.1607 Pss Klara Marie von Pommern (*Franzburg 10.7.1574, +Hitzacker 19.2.1623); 2m: Zerbst 26.10.1623 Pss Dorothea von Anhalt-Zerbst (*Coswig 25.9.1607, +Hitzacker 26.9.1634); 3m: Güstrow 13.7.1635 Herzogin Elisabeth Sofie von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (*Güstrow 20.8.1613, +Schloss Lüchow 12.7.1676)
+ C1. [2m.] Heinrich August, *Hitzacker 28.4.1625, +Hitzacker 30.9.1627
+ C2. [2m.] Rudolf August Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1666-1704), *Hitzacker 16.5.1627, +Hedwigsburg 26.1.1704; 1m: Wolfenbüttel 10.11.1650 Christiane Elisabeth, Gfn von Barby (*Gross-Rosenberg 6.10.1634, +Sondershausen 2.5.1681); 2m: Hedwigsburg 7.6.1681 Rosine Elisabeth Menthe "Mme Rudolphine" (*17.5.1663, +Braunschweig 20.5.1701)
# D1. [1m.] Dorothea, *Wolfenbüttel 17.1.1653, +Plön 21.3.1722; m.Wolfenbüttel 12.4.1673 Herzog Johann Adolf von Holstein-Plön (+2.7.1704)
# D2. [1m.] Christine Sofie, Abbess of Gandersheim (1678-81), *Wolfenbüttel 4.4.1654, +Langeleben am Elm 5.2.1695; m.Wolfenbüttel 29.6.1681 Herzog August Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (*1662 +1731)
# D3. [1m.] Eleonore Sofie, *Wolfenbüttel 5.8.1655, +Wolfenbüttel 7.1.1656
+ C3. [2m.] Anton Ulrich Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1666-1714), *Hitzacker 4.10.1633, +Salzdahlum 27.3.1714; m.Wolfenbüttel 17.8.1656 Pss Elisabeth Juliane von Holstein-Norburg (*Norburg 24.5.1634, +4.2.1704)
# D1. August Friedrich, *Wolfenbüttel 24.8.1657, +k.a.Speyer 22.8.1676
# D2. Leopold August, *Wolfenbüttel 27.2.1661, +Wolfenbüttel 5.3.1662
# D3. August Wilhelm Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1714-31), *Wolfenbüttel 8.3.1662, +Wolfenbüttel 23.3.1731; 1m: Wolfenbüttel 29.6.1681 Christine Sofie von Braunschweig (*1654 +1695); 2m: Schloss Gottorp 7.7.1695 Pss Sofie Amalie von Holstein-Gottorp (*Gottorp 19.1.1670, +Hannover 27.2.1710); 3m: Ahrensbök 12.9.1710 Pss Elisabeth von Holstein-Norburg (*Wolfenbüttel 12.9.1683, +Braunschweig 3.4.1767)
# D4. August Heinrich, *Wolfenbüttel 14.8.1663, +Wolfenbüttel 24.2.1664
# D5. August Karl, *Wolfenbüttel 4.8.1664, +Wolfenbüttel 21.12.1664
# D6. August Franz, *Wolfenbüttel 7.10.1665, +Wolfenbüttel 14.12.1666
# D7. Ludwig Rudolf Herzog von Braunschweig-Blankenberg, in Wolfenbüttel (1731-35), *Wolfenbüttel 22.7.1671, +Braunschweig 1.3.1735; m.Aurich 22.4.1690 Gfn Christine Luise von Oettingen (*21.3.1671 +12.9.1747)
* E1. Elisabeth Christine, *Braunschweig 28.8.1691, +Vienna 21.12.1750, bur Kapuzinergruft, Vienna; m.Hietzing 23.4.1708 Kaiser Karl VI von Habsburg (*1.10.1685 +20.10.1740)
* E2. Charlotte Auguste, *Wolfenbüttel 23.7.1692, +Wolfenbüttel 6.8.1692
* E3. Charlotte Christine Sofie, *Wolfenbüttel 29.8.1694, +St.Petersburg 2.11.1715; m.Torgau 25.10.1711 Tsarevich Alexei of Russia (+7.7.1718)
* E4. Antoinette Amalie, *Wolfenbüttel 14/24.4.1696, +Braunschweig 6.3.1762; m.Braunschweig 15.10.1712 Herzog Ferdinand Albrecht II von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (*19/29.5.1680 +3/13.9.1735)
# D8. Elisabeth Eleonore, *Wolfenbüttel 30.9.1658, +Meiningen 15.3.1729; 1m: Wolfenbüttel 2.2.1675 Herzog Johann Georg von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (+Mirow 9.7.1675); 2m: Schöningen 25.1.1681 Herzog Bernhard I von Sachsen-Meiningen (+Meiningen 27.4.1706)
# D9. Anna Sofie, *Wolfenbüttel 29.10.1659, +Wolfenbüttel 28.6.1742; m.Wolfenbüttel 20.9.1677 Mkgf Karl Gustav von Baden-Durlach (+Pforzheim 24.10.1703)
# D10. Auguste Dorothea, *Wolfenbüttel 16.12.1666, +Schloss Augustenburg 11.7.1751; m.Wolfenbüttel 7.8.1684 Fst Anton Günther II von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (+Arnstadt 20.12.1716)
# D11. Amalie, *Wolfenbüttel 7.6.1668, +Wolfenbüttel 1.11.1668
# D12. Henriette Christine, Abbess of Gandersheim, then of Remiremont, *Wolfenbüttel 19.9.1669, +Roermond 20.1.1753
# D13. Sibylle Ursula, *Wolfenbüttel 11.9.1672, +Wolfenbüttel 4.4.1673
+ C4. [3m.] Ferdinand Albrecht I Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern (1667-87), *Braunschweig 22.5.1636, +Bevern 23.4.1687; m.Eschwege 25.11.1667 Pss Christine von Hessen-Eschwege (*Kassel 30.10.1648, +Bevern 18.3.1702)
# D1. Leopold Karl, *Bevern 30.1.1670, +Bevern 4.3.1670
# D2. Friedrich Albrecht, *Eschwege 5.1.1672, +Bevern 27.1.1673
# D3. August Ferdinand Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern (1687-1704), *Bevern 29.12.1677, +k.a.Schellenberg 2.7.1704
# D4. Ferdinand Albrecht II Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1704-35), *Bevern 19/29.5.1680, +Salzdahlum 3/13.9.1735; m.Braunschweig 15.10.1712 Antoinette Amalie von Braunschweig-Blankenberg (*14/24.4.1696 +6.3.1762)
* E1. Karl I Herzog von Braunschweig (1735-80), *Braunschweig 1.8.1713, +there 26.3.1780; m.Berlin 2.7.1733 Pss Philippine Charlotte von Preussen (*Berlin 13.3.1716, +Braunschweig 16.2.1801)
o F1. Karl II Wilhelm Ferdinand Herzog von Braunschweig (1780-1806), *Wolfenbüttel 9.10.1735, +k.a.Ottensen 10.11.1806; m.London 16.1.1764 Pss Augusta of Great Britain (*London 12.8.1737, +London 23.3.1813)
+ G1. Karl Georg August, *London 8.2.1766, +Antoinettenruh 20.9.1806; m.The Hague 14.10.1790 Pss Friederike von Orange-Nassau (*The Hague 28.11.1770, +The Hague 15.10.1819)
+ G2. Georg Wilhelm Christian, renounced his succesion rights 1806, *Antoinettenruh 27.6.1769, +Glücksburg 16.9.1811
+ G3. August, renounced his succession rights 1806, *Antoinettenruh 18.8.1770, +Braunschweig 18.12.1820
+ G4. Friedrich Wilhelm Herzog von Braunschweig (1813-15), *Braunschweig 9.10.1771, +k.a.Quatre-Bras 16.6.1815; m.Karlsruhe 1.11.1802 Pss Marie von Baden (*Karlsruhe 7.9.1782, +Bruchsal 20.4.1808)
# H1. Karl III Herzog von Braunschweig (1815-30), declared incapable of reigning by the German Diet in 1830, *Braunschweig 30.10.1804, +Geneva 18.8.1873
* I1. [illegtimate by Lady Charlotte Colville, though he may married her] Elisabeth Wilhelmine, Gfn von Colmar, *1826, +1880; m.1847 Pierre Antoine Eugene du Collin, Cte de Civry
# H2. Wilhelm Herzog von Braunschweig (1830-84), *Braunschweig 25.4.1806, +Schloss Sibyllenort 18.10.1884
# H3. [illegitimate, it is said, by Marie Rosine Krippähn (*Halle a.S. 6.9.1764, +Glaucha bei Halle 27.9.1817)] Johanne Rosine Kohlbach, *Glaucha 27.4.1791, +Altenplathow 18.8.1861; 1m: Magdeburg 26.4.1812 Gotthilf Ferdinand Keller (+Magdeburg 13.12.1817); 2m: Magdeburg 24.10.1818 Karl Friedrich von Pieschel (Pruss.Adel 15.10.1840) (+Magdeburg 31.1.1855)
+ G5. Auguste, *Braunschweig 3.12.1764, +Lohde, nr Reval 27.9.1788; m.Braunschweig 15.10.1780 Herzog Friedrich von Württemberg (+Stuttgart 30.10.1816)
+ G6. Karoline, *Braunschweig 17.5.1768, +Brandenburg House, Hammersmith 7.8.1821; m.London 8.4.1795 King George IV of Great Britain (*1762 +1830)
+ G7. Amalie Charlotte Luise Dorothea, *Braunschweig 22.11.1772, +Braunschweig 2.4.1773
o F2. Georg Franz, *Wolfenbüttel 26.9.1736, +Wolfenbüttel 10.12.1737
o F3. Christian Ludwig, *Wolfenbüttel 13.11.1738, +Wolfenbüttel 12.4.1742
o F4. Friedrich August, Fürst von Öls, *Wolfenbüttel 29.10.1740, +Weimar 8.10.1805; m.Breslau 6.9.1768 Herzogin Friedrike von Württemberg-öls (*Öls 1.8.1751, +Berlin 4.11.1789)
o F5. Albrecht Heinrich, *Wolfenbüttel 26.2.1742, +k.a.Hamm 8.8.1761
o F6. Wilhelm Adolf, *Wolfenbüttel 18.5.1745, +at sea 24.8.1770
o F7. Maximilian Julius Leopold, *Wolfenbüttel 11.10.1752, +drowned Frankfurt an der Oder 27.4.1785
o F8. Sofie Karoline, *Wolfenbüttel 7.10.1737, +Erlangen 21.12.1817; m.Braunschweig 20.9.1759 Mgve Friedrich von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (+Bayreuth 26.2.1763)
o F9. Anna Amalie, *Wolfenbüttel 24.10.1739, +Weimar 10.4.1807; m.Braunschweig 16.3.1756 Herzog Ernst August II von Sachsen-Weimar (*2.6.1737 +28.5.1758)
o F10. Luise, *Wolfenbüttel 18.12.1743, +Wolfenbüttel 22.2.1744
o F11. Elisabeth, *Wolfenbüttel 8.11.1746, +Friedrichsgnade bei Stettin 18.2.1840; m.Charlottenburg 14.7.1765 (div 1769) Pr Friedrich Wilhelm von Preussen [later König Friedrich Wilhelm II]
o F12. Friederike, *Wolfenbüttel 8.4.1748, +Blankenburg 22.1.1758
o F13. Auguste Dorothea, Abbess of Gandersheim, *Wolfenbüttel 2.10.1749, +Gandersheim 10.3.1810
* E2. Anton Ulrich, *Braunschweig 28.8.1714, +Cholmogory 15.5.1774; m.St.Petersburg 14.7.1739 Herzogin Elisabeth von Mecklenburg, Gr Herzogin and Regent of Russia (*18.12.1718 +19.3.1746)
o F1. IVAN VI Tsar of Russia (28.10.1740-7.12.1741), he reigned from the death of Tsarina Anna, his great-great-aunt, 28.10.1740, until he was overthrown, at the age of 15 months, 7.12.1741, by his cousin the Tsarina Elizabeth; he and his siblings and parents were held in house arrest at monasteries in Russia until their respective deaths, which may or may not have been natural, *St.Petersburg 23.8.1740, +murdered at Schlüsselburg 16.7.1764
o F2. Peter, *Cholmogory 30.3.1745, +Horsens 13/30.1.1798
o F3. Alexei, *Cholmogory 10.3.1746, +Horsens 23.10.1787
o F4. Catherine, *St.Petersburg 26.7.1741, +Horsens 7/21.4.1807
o F5. Elizabeth, *Dünamünde 16.9.1743, +Horsens 20.10.1782
* E3. Ludwig Ernst, *Wolfenbüttel 25.9.1718, +Eisenach 12.5.1788
* E4. August, *Wolfenbüttel 23.11.1719, +Wolfenbüttel 26.3.1720
* E5. Ferdinand, *Braunschweig 12.1.1721, +Braunschweig 3.7.1792
* E6. Albrecht, *Wolfenbüttel 4.5.1725, +k.a.nr Soor 30.9.1745
* E7. Friedrich Wilhelm, *Wolfenbüttel 17.1.1731, +Wolfenbüttel 24.12.1732
* E8. Friedrich Franz, *Wolfenbüttel 8.6.1732, +k.a.nr Hochkirch 14.10.1758
* E9. Elisabeth Christine, *Schloss Bevern, Wolfenbüttel 8.11.1715, +Berlin 13.1.1797; m.Salzdahlum 12.6.1733 König Friedrich II von Preussen (+17.8.1786)
* E10. Luise Amalie, *Schloss Bevern 29.1.1722, +Berlin 13.1.1780; m.Berlin 6.1.1742 Pr August Wilhelm von Preussen (+12.6.1758)
* E11. Sofie Antonie, *Wolfenbüttel 23.1.1724, +Coburg 17.5.1802; m.Wolfenbüttel 23.4.1749 Herzog Ernst Friedrich von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (*8.3.1724 +8.9.1800)
* E12. Charlotte Christine, *Wolfenbüttel 30.11.1726, +Braunschweig 20.5.1766
* E13. Therese Natalie, Abbess of Gandersheim, *Wolfenbüttel 4.6.1728, +Gandersheim 26.6.1778
* E14. Juliane Marie, *Wolfenbüttel 4.9.1729, +Frederiksborg 10.10.1796, bur Roskilde Cathedral; m.Frederiksborg 8.7.1752 King Frederik V of Denmark (*31.3.1723 +14.1.1766)
# D5. Ferdinand Christian, *Osterholz 4.3.1682, +Braunschweig 12.12.1706
# D6. Herzog Ernst Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Bevern (1733-46), *Osterholz 4.3.1682, +Braunschweig 14.4.1746; m.Bayreuth 5.8.1714 Pss Eleonore Charlotte of Courland (*Mitau 11.6.1686, +Bevern 28.7.1748)
* E1. Herzog August Wilhelm, *Braunschweig 10.10.1715, +Stettin 2.8.1781
* E2. Georg Ludwig Friedrich, *Bevern 2.1.1721, +Bernau 6.9.1747
* E3. Friedrich Georg, *Bevern 24.3.1723, +Bevern 16.7.1766
* E4. Karl Wilhelm, *Bevern 27.6.1725, +Bevern 12.9.1725
* E5. Friedrich August, *Bevern 3.8.1726, +Bevern 30.3.1729
* E6. Herzog Friedrich Karl Ferdinand, *Braunschweig 5.4.1729, +Glücksburg 27.4.1809); m.Glücksburg 26.10.1782 Pss Anna Karoline von Nassau-Saarbrücken (*Saarbrücken 31.12.1751, +Glücksburg 12.4.1824)
* E7. Johann Anton, *Braunschweig 16.2.1731, +16.6.1732
* E8. Christiane Sofie, *Braunschweig 22.1.1717, +Schleswig 26.3.1779); m.Braunschweig 20.12.1731 Mgve Friedrich Ernst von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (+23.6.1762)
* E9. Friederike Albertine, Abbess of Steterburg, *Bevern 21.8.1719, +Steterburg 5.8.1772
* E10. Ernestine, *Bevern 7.10.1721, +Bevern 8.10.1721
* E11. Amalie Christine, *Bevern 2.6.1724, +Bevern 25.6.1726
* E12. Marie Anna, *Bevern 3.4.1728, +Bevern 27.10.1754
# D7. Heinrich Ferdinand, *Bremen 12.4.1684, +k.a.Turin 7.9.1706
# D8. Sofie Eleonore, a nun, *Osterholz 5.3.1674, +Gandersheim 14.1.1711
# D9. Klaudia Eleonore, *Eschwege 29.11.1675, +Bleckingerode 30.7.1676
+ C5. [3m.] Christian Franz, *Braunschweig 1.8.1639, +Braunschweig 8.12.1639
+ C6. [2m.] Sibylle Ursula, *Hitzacker 4.12.1629, +Glücksburg 12.12.1671); m.Wolfenbüttel 20.9.1663 Herzog Christian von Holstein-Glücksburg (+17.11.1698)
+ C7. [2m.] Klara Auguste, *Hitzacker 25.6.1632, +Weissenhof bei Weinsberg 6.10.1700; m.Wolfenbüttel 7.6.1653 Herzog Friedrich von Württemberg-Neustadt (+24.3.1682)
+ C8. [3m.] Marie Elisabeth, *Braunschweig 7.1.1638, +Coburg 15.2.1687; 1m: Wolfenbüttel 18.1.1663 Herzog Adolf Wilhelm von Sachsen-Eisenach (+Eisenach 22.11.1668); 2m: Gotha 18.7.1676 Herzog Albert von Sachsen-Coburg (+Coburg 6.8.1699)
o B5. Anna Sofie, *14.8.1573, +24.3.1574
o B6. Sibylle Elisabeth, *Dannenberg 4.6.1576, +9.7.1630; m.Scharnebeck 31.8.1600 Gf Anton II von Oldenburg (+25.10.1619)
o B7. Sidonie, *Dannenberg 10.10.1577, +Lüchow 4.1.1645
* A4. Wilhelm V "The Victorious" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1559-92), *4.7.1535, +Celle 20.8.1592); m.12.10.1561 Pss Dorothea of Denmark (*Winsen 6.1.1546, +1617)
o B1. Ernst II Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1592-1611), *31.12.1564, +Celle 2.3.1611
o B2. Christian Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1611-33), Bp of Minden (1599-1633), *19.11.1566, +Celle 8.11.1633
o B3. August Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1633-36), Bp of Lübeck (1610-36), *18/19.11.1568, +Celle 1.10.1636; he had illegitimate issue by Ilse Schmiedichen (*1582, +1650); they took the surname "von Lüneburg":
+ C1. Ernst von Lüneburg, *3.11.1614, +Celle 26.3.1642
+ C2. Georg von Lüneburg, *1.8.1618, +21.3.1642
+ C3. Friedrich von Lüneburg, *Celle 7.4.1621, +Wathlingen 27.3.1686; m.Gertrud Anna von Feuerschütz (*26.2.1624, +Wathlingen 13.5.1683)
# D1. Arnold Friedrich, *24.5.1651, +2.6.1653
# D2. August Dietrich, *1652, +27.8.1688
# D3. Ernst Ludwig, +after 1683
# D4. Christian Friedrich, *13.4.1657, +Wathlingen 23.7.1728; 1m: 1690 Dorothea von Werpup (*15.4.1668, +Wathlingen 17.9.1698); 2m: 1704 Lucia Margareta von Spörcken (*Langlingen 9.2.1672, +Lüneburg 12.3.1745)
* E1. Friedrich Ludwig, *Uetze 12.2.1695, +Wathlingen 23.6.1695
* E2. Ernst Werner Georg, *19.11.1705, +Wathlingen 26.1.1707
* E3. Joachim Friedrich, *Uetze 13.7.1709, +Lübeck 25.8.1764; 1m: 1730 Luise Ernestine Philippine von Spörcken (+Wathlingen 27.11.1758); 2m: Wathlingen 4.11.1760 Antonie Magdalene Ernestine von Spörcken (+by 1812)
o F1. Ernst Friedrich Ludwig, *2.9.1734, +Wathlingen 18.1.1735
o F2. Georg, *Wathlingen 7.11.1735, +Uetze 2.10.1794; 1m: Lüneburg 2.3.1756 Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine von der Borch (*1728 +Celle 21.7.1763); 2m: Lüneburg 3.8.1764 Elisabeth Karoline Friederike von Bülow (*9.3.1745, +Uetze 12.8.1777); 3m: 6.9.1789 Dorothea von Gilten (*1739, +Wathlingen 10.11.1791)
+ G1. [1m.] Ernst, +young
+ G2. [1m.] Joachim, *1757, +1758
+ G3. [1m.] Friedrich Ernst Clamor, *Lüneburg 13.8.1759, +Wathlingen 30.8.1760
+ G3. [2m.] Georg Friedrich Detlef, *Wathlingen 8.1.1768, +Hannover 4.12.1816; m.Wathlingen 24.6.1792 Eberhardine von Uslar-Gleichen (*Bissendorf 16.9.1775, +Wathlingen 6.6.1867)
# H1. Georg Hans Friedrich Karl, *Wathlingen 6.7.1799, +Wathlingen 30.9.1866
# H2. Hans Karl Adolf, *Wathlingen 15.10.1800, +Uetze 19.1.1861; m.Wunstorf 2.7.1837 Marianne von Mandelsloh (*Ilten 23.11.1812, +Uetze 17.11.1870)
* I1. Detlev, +young
* I2. Alfons, *Uetze 15.7.1841, +Wathlingen 16.7.1926
* I3. HANS Georg August Franz, *Uetze 17.3.1848, +Uetze 26.5.1926; m.Borstel 27.2.1880 Auguste von der Decken (*Harsefeld 5.4.1846, +Uetze 3.11.1919)
o J1. Georg, *Uetze 1.2.1886, +Uetze 21.4.1892
o J2. ILSE Caroline Elisabeth, *Uetze 1.3.1882, +Hildesheim 1.12.1968; 1m: Uetze 25.10.1901 Albrecht, Frhr von Hammerstein-Equord (*Hildesheim 5.12.1863, +Schierke 20.5.1911); 2m: Uetze 20.8.1920 Frithjof Frhr von Hammerstein-Gesmold (*Halberstadt 20.8.1870, +Hildesheim 21.1.1944)
o J3. Klara, *Uetze 4.4.1883, +Bielefeld 27.11.1936
* I4. GEORG Karl Adolf, *Uetze 25.2.1853, +Hannover 7.3.1897; m.Borstel 9.10.1877 Adelheid von der Decken (*Borstel 19.2.1854, +Braunschweig 9.1.1939)
o J1. Alexander Carl Adolf HANS, *Achim 15.10.1878, +Wathlingen 13.2.1948; m.Hämelschenburg 21.5.1908 Anna von Klencke (*Hämelschenburg 26.8.1884, +Celle 14.5.1961)
+ K1. ILSE Emma Adelheid Agnes Thyra Auguste Eleonore Ottonie, *Masendorf 16.4.1910, +Wathlingen 17.5.1965; m.Wathlingen 17.5.1934 Heinz-Henning von Reden (*Schwerin 4.5.1907, +14.4.1989)
+ K2. OSTERHELD Anna Margot Hedwig Agnes Irma Mathilde, *Masendorf 14.4.1914; m.Wathlingen 3.2.1940 Hilmar Frhr von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (*Potsdam 3.1.1913)
o J2. ERNST August Eberhard Franz, *Hannover 25.9.1881, +Essenrode 10.12.1961
o J3. Agnes, *Hannover 1.1.1880, +Hannover 21.3.1932
o J4. HEDWIG Marie Eleonore Adolfine, *Hannover 20.11.1882, +Braunschweig 25.4.1942; m.Hannover 28.11.1901 Otto Rr u.Edler von Berger (*Hannover 23.11.1868, +Hannover 10.11.1923)
* I5. Agnes, *Uetze 1.4.1838, +Uetze 18.2.1878; m.Uetze 26.1.1877 Karl Meyer
* I6. Ida, +young
* I7. Klara, *Uetze 30.3.1845, +Borstel 29.1.1900; m.Uetze 20.5.1870 Alexander von der Decken (+Borstel 24.7.1879)
* I8. Marie, *Uetze 10.11.1845, +Uetze 9.11.1906; m.Uetze 10.2.1880 Karl Meyer, her brother-in-law
* I9. Jenny, *Uetze 26.5.1846, +Bielefeld 10.4.1921); m.Uetze 22.4.1875 Karl Niemeyer (+13.2.1925)
# H3. Karl Georg Hans, *Wathlingen 14.12.1801, +Uetze 13.7.1884
# H4. Adolf Friedrich, *Wathlingen 25.4.1804, +Essenrode 31.8.1881; m.Hasperde 13.4.1841 Adolfine von Hake (*Hannover 23.11.1820, +Essenrode 14.11.1868)
* I1. Eberhard, *Hasperde 1.12.1842, +Essenrode 14.3.1914
* I2. Ilse, *Hannover 13.7.1849, +Dunkwitz II.1929; m.Braunschweig 17.12.1872 Ernst von Wagenhoff
* I3. Gabriele, *Essenrode 20.10.1851, +Charlottenburg 28.6.1903; m.Braunschweig 17.12.1872 Albrecht von Trotha (+Aschersleben 6.4.1884)
* I4. Edith, *17.7.1857, +1869
# H5. Charlotte Eleonore Sofie Friederike Luise Georgine, *Ilten 9.4.1793, +Nienburg 17.4.1826; m.Wathlingen 31.8.1816 Gustav von Wick (+Wietzen 3.12.1830)
# H6. Helene Luise Sophie Friederike, *Wathlingen 11.10.1795, +21.2.1859; m.Wathlingen 2.11.1817 Friedrich von Uslar-Gleichen (+Verden 17.9.1848)
# H7. Eleonore Auguste Amalie, *Wathlingen 5.9.1796, +Wathlingen 31.3.1840; m.Wathlingen 13.1.1824 Hans Ortgies von Hodenberg (+Wathlingen 6.11.1873)
# H8. Luise Marianne Eleonore, *Wathlingen 3.4.1798, +Wathlingen 21.5.1815
# H9. Auguste Eleonore Dorothea Amalie, *Wathlingen 29.4.1803, +Wathlingen 29.11.1821
# H10. Ida Bertha Georgine Friederike, *Wathlingen 28.12.1814, +Wathlingen 10.1.1819
+ G5. [2m.] Christian Friedrich Ludwig, *Wathlingen 19.10.1770, +Uetze 25.4.1805
+ G6. [2m.] Albrecht Ludwig Hans, *1775, +Uetze 16.10.1778
+ G7. [2m.] Christine, *X.1765
+ G8. [2m.] Charlotte, *Wathlingen 10.1.1770, +Uetze 24.2.1818
o F3. Juliane Lucia Dorothea Agnese, *1.3.1733, +Wathlingen 6.3.1736
o F4. Sophie Henriette Osterheld, *Celle 27.6.1746; m.28.2.1766 Georg Ernst Dietrich von Plato (+Port Mahon, Minorca 28.8.1778)
* E4. Anna Juliana Maria, *17.7.1691
* E5. Lucia Sophia Elisabeth, *Uetze 24.7.1692, +Schwarmstedt 6.5.1761; m.Wathlingen 26.12.1728 Burhcrad Wilhelm von Bothmer (+Celle 8.1.1761)
* E6. Katharina Osterheld, Abbess of Ebstorf, *Uetze 20.9.1693, +Ebstorf 3.3.1759
* E7. Anna Charlotte, *Wathlingen 30.3.1696, +1729; m.Georg Ernst von Middachten (+5.2.1751)
* E8. Maria Amalie, a nun at Lüne, *Wathlingen 19.8.1698, +Wathlingen 2.11.1729
* E9. Eleonore Elisabeth Marie Luise, *Wathlingen 8.10.1707
# D5. Joachim Heinrich, +k.a.in Brabant VII.1693
# D6. Johann Hermann, +Wathlingen 29.8.1696; m.Maria Osterheld von der Kettenburg (*1653, +Wathlingen 19.10.1723)
# D7. Werner Ludwig, *V.1664, +Wathlingen 23.9.1722; m.1699 Anne Maria von Lüderitz (*1676 +1774)
* E1. a daughter, +Wathlingen 10.12.1703
# D8. Agnes Juliane, +Celle 21.10.1734; m.Wathlingen 22.12.1680 Moritz Hermann von Haxthausen (+1701)
# D9. Dorothea Augusta, +1727; m.1687 Hans von Bülow-Gültzow
+ C4. Katharina Elisabeth, +after 1642; m.Georg von Lützow
+ C5. Dorothea Sophie, +after 1642; m.Ernst von Nizen
+ C6. Anna Marie; m.12.9.1630 David Heinrichs
+ C7. Klara Agnes, +after 1652; m.N Schmiedichen
+ C8. Ilse Lucia, +after 1642; m.Nikolaus Knaust
+ C9. Margareta Sibylla, *6.11.1616, +Celle 21.3.1642
o B4. Friedrich Herzog von Braunschweig in Celle (1636-48), in Harburg (1643-48), *Celle 28.8.1574, +Celle 10.12.1648
o B5. Magnus, a canon in Braunschweig, *Celle 30.8.1577, +Celle 10.2.1632
o B6. Georg Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg zu Kalenberg (1636-41), *Celle 17.2.1582, +Hildeshein/Wolfenbüttel 12.4.1641; m.Darmstadt 14.12.1617 Pss Anna Eleonore von Hessen-Darmstadt (*30.7.1601 +6.5.1659); for their descendants see HERE
o B7. Johann, a canon in Minden, *Medingen 23.6.1583, +Celle 27.11.1628
o B8. Sofie, *Celle 30.10.1563, +Nürnberg 14.1.1639; m.Dresden 3.5.1579 Mgve Georg Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach (+26.4.1603)
o B9. Elisabeth, *19.11.1565, +Coburg 17.7.1621; m.Celle 3.5.1586 Gf Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Langenburg (+12.4.1590)
o B10. Dorothea, *1.1.1570, +Birkenfeld 15.8.1649; m.Celle 23.2.1586 Karl, Pfgf von Birkenfeld (+16.12.1600)
o B11. Klara, *Celle 16.1.1571, +Heringen 18.7.1658; m.Frankenhausen 6.5.1593 Gf Wilhelm von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (+30.9.1597)
o B12. Anna Ursula, *Celle 22.3.1572, +Kirchberg 5.2.1601
o B13. Margarete, *Celle 6.4.1573, +Celle 7.8.1643; m.Coburg 16.9.1599 Herzog Johann Kasimir von Sachsen-Coburg (*1564 +1633)
o B14. Marie, *21.10.1575, +Darmstadt 8.8.1610
o B15. Sibylle, *Medingen 3.6.1584, +Heringen 5.8.1652; m.Dannenberg 23.11.1617 Herzog Julius Ernst von Braunschweig-Dannenberg (+1636)
* A5. Margarete, *12.7.1534, +Marburg 24.9.1596; m.14.8.1559 Gf Johann von Mansfeld (+3.3.1567)
* A6. Ursula, *1.10.1536, +21.10.1538
* A7. Katharina, *19.12.1537, +1540/23.2.1618
* A8. Elisabeth Ursula, *1539, +Detmold 3.9.1586; m.5.6.1558 Gf Otto IV von Holstein-Schauenburg (+22.12.1576)
* A9. Magdalene Sofie, *3.5.1540, +3.6.1586; m.27.4.1561 Gf Arnold von Bentheim (*1538 +1566)
* A10. Sofie, *18.6.1541, +Herrenbreitungen 17.1.1631; m.Schleusingen 1.6.1562 Gf Poppo XVIII von Henneberg (+4.3.1574)
Rulers of Braunschweig

INDEX PAGE

Last updated 12th March 2004

Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Ernst der Bekenner); 27 June 1497 – 11 January 1546), also frequently called Ernest the Confessor, was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a champion of the protestant cause during the early years of the Protestant Reformation. He ruled the Lüneburg-Celle subdivision of the Welf family's Brunswick-Lüneburg duchy from 1520 until his death.

He was the son of Henry I, Duke of Lüneburg, and Margarete of Saxony, the daughter of Ernest, Elector of Saxony.

Life

Ernest was born in Uelzen.

In 1512 he was sent to the court of his mother's brother at Wittenberg, the Wettin elector Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (Frederick the Wise), and received instruction there from Georg Spalatin in the University of Wittenberg; he remained at Wittenberg through the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. In 1520 his father, Henry was banned by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and abdicated the same year giving the government of the duchy over to his two sons, Otto and Ernest.

By the retirement of Otto in 1527 Ernest became sole ruler. The condition of his domain was not prosperous. Political considerations doubtless furthered the introduction of the Reformation; amongst the commoners it offered opportunity to restrict the privileges of the nobles and the clergy and from the nobles point of view, the chance to increase the revenues from church and monastery property. The forerunner of the Reformation in Lüneburg was a certain Wolf Cyclop, a physician from Zwickau, who was not free from the Zwickau enthusiasm. Saner men followed him, such as Gottschalk Cruse, Heinrich Bock, sad Matthäus Mylow.

Ernest was inclined to move slowly, but in 1525 the Peasants' War gave him occasion to call upon the monasteries for lists of their property and to require them to admit Protestant preachers; he promised the elector of Saxony to stand by the Protestant cause. After an attempt of the Roman Catholic party to reinstate his father in 1527 had failed, his course became more decided.

In July, 1527, the first book of discipline was adopted, drawn up by the preachers of Celle. At a diet in August of the same year it was ordered that "God's pure word should be preached everywhere without additions made by men." Between 1527 and 1530 Lutheran preachers were introduced in most parishes, and into the monasteries, not in all cases without compulsion. Ernest went to Augsburg in 1530 and signed the Confession. He brought back Urbanus Rhegius, who worked for the spread of the Reformation (after 1541 as superintendent) and introduced it into the city of Lüneburg. The largest and richest monastery in the land, St. Michael's in Lüneburg, accepted the new order after the death of Abbot Boldewin in 1532. Rhegius died in 1541 and was succeeded by Martin Ondermark, who completed the former's work.

In general it may be said that the preachers were well disposed to the reformed religion, while the people held to the old and only gradually adapted themselves to the new. During the Schmalkald War the land remained true to the Gospel. After 1530 Ernest was the most influential prince of North Germany. He sent Rhegius to Hanover when the Reformation there threatened to become revolution and restored order. In the cities of Westphalia he strengthened the Protestant party against both the Roman Catholics and the enthusiasts, although his efforts were vain in Münster. His influence was also felt in Pomerania and Mecklenburg, in Hoya, and in East Friesland.

His most effective work probably was accomplished by his restless activity for the Schmalkald League. He induced the North German cities, Hamburg, Bremen, Brunswick, Göttingen, and others to join, and he often became the successful mediator when a rupture was threatened between the overcautious elector of Saxony and the headstrong Philip of Hesse. While Ernest sometimes used harsh measures to accomplish his will, and was actuated by a desire to exalt his position as ruler as well as by higher motives, yet, on the whole, he was faithful to his motto, aliis inseruiendo corcsumor.

His four sons at his death were still minors, but the Protestant Church of Lüneburg was so firmly established that it could survive the regency and the unhappy time of the Schmalkald War, and to this day the church life of Lüneburg bears the character impressed upon it by Ernest the Confessor.

Children

Ernest married Sophia, daughter of Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Ursula of Brandenburg, on 2 June 1528 in Schwerin. They had the following children who reached adulthood:

Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1530-1559)

Frederick (1532-1553)

Henry VII, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1533-1598)

Margaret (1534-1596), married John, Count of Mansfeld See

William VI, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535-1592)

Elizabeth Ursula (1539-1586), married Otto IV, Count of Holstein-Schauenburg-Pinneburg

Magdalena Sophia (1540-1586), married Arnold, Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt

Sophia (1541-1631), married Poppo XVIII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen

[edit]References

Ernest at the House of Welf site

Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 6, p. 260

This article includes content derived from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914, which is in the public domain.

Ernst (Ernest I) Welf aka Guelf, Guelph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Ernst der Bekenner) (1497–1546)[1], also frequently called Ernest the Confessor, was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a champion of the protestant cause during the early years of the Protestant Reformation. He was the Prince of Lüneburg and ruled the Lüneburg-Celle subdivision of the Welf[2] family's Brunswick-Lüneburg duchy from 1520 until his death.

He was the son of Henry I, Duke of Lüneburg, and Margarete of Saxony, the daughter of Ernest, Elector of Saxony.