Elbridge Thomas Gerry, III

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Early life Gerry was born on December 25, 1837, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry (1794–1848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804–1845), of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors.[1]

His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1744–1814), whose exact name he shared. His cousins included Elbridge Gerry (1813–1886), who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, and Robert Walton Goelet (1880–1941) who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City.

In 1897, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his mother's brother, Peter Goelet.

Career After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry.

In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York.

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children In 1875, as a result of Mary Ellen McCormack's case, he co-founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children "SPCC", sometimes called the Gerry Society, together with Quaker philanthropist John D. Wright and Henry Bergh, who he had previously helped found the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. SPCC was known as one of the first child protection societies in the country and he helped pass numerous laws to protect children.

Gerry served as vice-President of SPCC, then as Wright's successor from 1879-1901, and finally as legal advisor until his death. The Society's deputies, nicknamed "Gerry men" or "the cruelty," aroused controversy by enforcing various laws, including child labor laws concerning public performances and were allowed to remove children from homes. Some criticized their activities as interfering with family life, or for imposing aristocratic white Protestant values upon immigrants, many of whom were Catholic or black.

After 1903, many such child protection societies changed their focus from police to welfare work, following a Massachusetts model. The U.S. Supreme Court, in the widely reviled 1918 case Hammer v. Dagenhart, found the new federal child protection law, the Keating-Owen Act of 1916, violated the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, in a case now known for its dissent by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.[8] Two years later, with Gerry as the organization's legal advisor, SPCCC bought the former House of Mercy for use as a temporary facility to house juveniles awaiting judicial action, since they had previously either been held at stationhouses or jailed with adult prisoners, where they were often victimized. House of Mercy had been organized in 1863 by Harriet Starr Cannon to assist abandoned and delinquent women and girls.

Politics and boards Gerry was a notable member of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine of Boss Tweed, for more than 35 years. In 1867, he served as a delegate to New York State Constitutional Convention, but never again sought elective office.

From 1878 until 1912, he served as governor of the New York Hospital and was also a trustee of the New York Life Insurance Company. From 1886 until 1888, Gerry served as chairman of the New York State Commission on Capital Punishment, which replaced hanging with the electric chair. He was also chairman of the New York City Commission on Insanity in 1892.

Personal life Gerry married Louisa Matilda Livingston (1836–1920). Louisa was the daughter of Robert James Livingston (1811–1891) and Louisa Matilda Storm (1807–1883) and the granddaughter of Maturin Livingston (1769–1847) and Margaret Lewis (1780–1860). Margaret was the only child and sole heiress of Gov. Morgan Lewis (1754–1844). Together, Elbridge and Louisa had three children:

Angelica Livingston Gerry (1871–1960), died unmarried. Mabel Gerry (1872–1930), who married Francis Saxham Elwes Drury (1859–1937), a widower, in 1925. Drury had previously been married to Mary Gertrude Peek (1861–1921) Robert Livingston Gerry, Sr. (1877–1957), who married Cornelia Averell Harriman (1884–1966), the second daughter of railroad executive E. H. Harriman and his wife Mary Williamson Averell.[14] Peter Goelet Gerry (1879–1957), U.S. Representative and Senator from Rhode Island, who married Mathilde Townsend in 1910. They divorced in 1925 and he later married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser (1873–1958), the widow of George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914). In 1904, the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862–1947) painted Gerry's portrait, which still hangs in the New York Yacht Club.

Residences[edit] His family's New York mansion at 2 East 61st Street had long been a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers. When he built it, he told architect Richard Morris Hunt specifically about needing to house his collection of 30,000 law books and cost a reported $3,000,000. After his death, the family mansions in Manhattan were soon demolished, to make way for the Pierre Hotel.

Gerry maintained a summer home named "Seaverge" on Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. His wife's estate in the Catskill Mountains was called "Aknusti", supposedly from an American Indian word meaning "expensive proposition."

Death and Legacy Gerry died on February 18, 1927, about two weeks after breaking his hip in a fall, outliving his wife by seven years. He was entombed in St. James' Churchyard, Hyde Park, New York. The associated Episcopal church is best known for its association with Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who served on the vestry and as senior warden, and tours of the cemetery continue to be offered. At his death, Gerry was reputed to be worth $26 million, primarily in landholdings, making him one of the city's wealthiest men.

he came to be adviser to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and soon afterward became interested in child welfare. In 1875 he founded, with the help of Henry Bergh, the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (called sometimes the Gerry Society). Admitted (1860) to the New York bar,

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Elbridge T. Gerry came from the Geolet family on his mother's side and from the Gerrys on his father's side, both very prominent families. He became one of the wealthiest landowners in New York City and was said to be worth $26 million. He had a collection of over 30,000 law books and when he built his mansion in New York City he told the architect, Richard Morris Hunt, that he wanted space in the library to be able to hold all of those books. He also lived in a large cottage in Newport RI, called "Seaverge" and at his wife's estate "Aknusti". When his wife died he continued to live in New York City and in Newport. While commercial invasion put an end to many of New York City's grand Fifth Avenue mansion, Gerry continued to maintain the mansion in New York City, even though by then he was surrounded by skyscrapers. When he died in 1927, his New York City mansion was demolished and developed upon. His Newport mansion also came down and the land became subdivided.