Gali 噶禮

GALI 噶禮 d. 1714, a Manchu of the Donggo clan belonging to the Manchu Plain Red Banner, was a great-grandson of Hohori [q.v.]. After study at government expense he was made a second-class secretary, and later a department director, in the Board of Civil Office. In 1696, when the forces of Emperor Shêng-tsu attacked Galdan [q.v.] and the Eleuths in Mongolia, Gali served under Yü Ch'êng-lung (1638–1700, q.v.) in charge of military grain transport for the middle route. After several promotions he was, three years later, made Governor of Shansi where he showed himself a diligent, clever, and able executive. He was, however, covetous, lax in control of minor officials, and oppressive towards the people. Hence after a few years much opposition developed and numerous accusations were made against him. Official investigations did not sustain these, however, and the accusers were punished. In 1709 he was transferred to the vice-presidency of the Board of Revenue, and then to the governor-generalship of Kiangnan and Kiangsi. There he showed still less restraint, attacking and deposing many officials, some of high character and ability like Ch'ên P'êng-nien [q.v.]. His conflict with Chang Po-hsing [q.v.] is famous, and resulted finally in his removal from office in 1712. In 1714 he was accused by his mother of participating with his nephew in an attempt to poison her. For this crime, and for giving rein to covetousness while in high office, the Board of Punishments judged him to be worthy of the lingering death. He committed suicide and was followed in this by his wife who had been condemned to death for otherwise making trouble for the family. His brother and nephew were beheaded. A foster son, also involved, was banished and the family property was confiscated by the state. Ka-li-êr hu-t'ung 噶禮兒胡同, a lane inside the gate, Hsüan-wu mên 宣武門 in Peking, is believed to have been the site of Gali's residence.

[1/284/4a; 2/12/26b; 11/23/33b; 京師坊巷志 Ching-shih fang-hsiang chih, 2/23a; 文獻叢編 Wên-hsien ts'ung-pien, no. 2 (Wang Hung-hsü [q.v.], 密繕小摺 Mi-shan hsiao-chê, no. 17); ibid, no. 9 清康熙硃批諭旨 Ch'ing K'ang-hsi chu-p'i yü-chih 3b–7a.]

Dean R. Wickes

《清史稿》卷278

噶禮，棟鄂氏，滿洲正紅旗人，何和哩四世孫也。自廕生授吏部主事，再遷郎中。康熙三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，次克魯倫河。噶禮從左都御史于成龍督運中路兵糧，首達行在，召對，當上意。尋擢盛京戶部理事官。歲餘三遷，授內閣學士。三十八年，授山西巡撫。噶禮當官勤敏能治事，然貪甚，縱吏虐民。撫山西數年，山西民不能堪。會潞安知府缺員，噶禮疏薦霍州知州李紹祖，紹祖使酒自刎，噶禮匿不以奏。上聞之，下九卿議罪，擬奪噶禮職，上寬之。御史劉若鼐疏論噶禮貪，得贓無慮數十萬，太原知府趙鳳詔為其腹心，專用酷刑以濟貪壑事。下噶禮復奏，得辨釋。

平遙民郭明奇等以噶禮庇貪婪知縣王綬，走京師詣巡城御史袁橋列訴。橋疏聞，並言「噶禮通省錢糧加火耗十之二，分補大同、臨汾等縣虧帑，餘並以入己，得四十餘萬；指修解州祠宇，用巡撫印簿勒捐；令家伶赴平陽、汾州、潞安三府迫富民饋遺；又以訟得臨汾、介休富民亢時鼎、梁湄金；縱汾州同知馬遴；庇洪洞知縣杜連登，皆貪吏；隱平定雹災」，凡七事。上命噶禮復奏，山西學政鄒士璁代太原士民疏留噶禮。御史蔡珍疏劾士璁「職在衡文，乃與巡撫朋比。且袁橋疏得旨二日後，太原士民即具呈，顯為誣偽。噶禮與士璁同城，委為不知，是昏憒也；知而不阻，是倖恩也。請併敕部議處」。尋噶禮復奏，以明奇等屢坐事走京師誣告，並辨橋、珍所言皆無據。下九卿察奏，明奇等下刑部治罪，橋、珍坐誣譴罷。

四十八年，遷戶部侍郎，旋擢江南江西總督。噶禮至江南，益恣肆，累疏劾江蘇巡撫于準、布政使宜思恭、按察使焦映漢，皆坐罷。知府陳鵬年初為總督阿山劾罷，上復命守蘇州；及宜思恭罷，署布政使。鵬年素伉直，忤噶禮。噶禮續劾宜思恭虧帑，又論糧道賈樸建關開河皆有所侵蝕，遂及鵬年覈報不實，鵬年復坐罷。噶禮復密疏鵬年虎丘詩怨望，上不為動。

巡撫張伯行有廉聲，至則又與噶禮忤。五十年，伯行疏言本科江南鄉試取士不協輿論，正考官副都御史左必蕃亦檢舉同考官知縣王曰俞、方名所薦士有不通文字者。上命尚書張鵬翮如揚州會噶禮及伯行察審。鵬翮至，會讞，既得副考官編修趙晉及曰俞、名諸交通狀，伯行欲窮其獄。噶禮盛怒，刑證人，遂罷讞。伯行乃劾噶禮，謂輿論盛傳總督與監臨提調交通鬻舉人；及事發，又傳總督索銀五十萬，許不竟其事：請敕解任就讞。噶禮亦劾伯行，謂：「方會讞時，臣正鞫囚，伯行謂臣言不當，臣恐爭論失體，緘口結舌。伯行遂陰謀誣陷，以鬻舉人得銀五十萬汙臣，臣不能與俱生。」因及伯行專事著書，猜忌糊塗，不能清理案牘。時方有戴名世之獄，又言：「南山集刻板在蘇州印行，伯行豈得不知？進士方苞以作序連坐，伯行夙與友，不肯捕治。」並羅列伯行不職數事。 疏入，上並命解任，令鵬翮會漕運總督赫壽察奏。獄具，晉、曰俞、名及所取士交通得賄，當科場舞弊律論罪；噶禮劾伯行不能清理案牘事實，餘皆督撫會銜題咨舊事，苞為伯行逮送刑部，南山集刻板在江寧，皆免議；伯行妄奏噶禮鬻舉人，當奪職。上切責鵬翮、赫壽瞻徇，又命尚書穆和倫、張廷樞覆讞，仍如鵬翮等議。上諭曰：「噶禮才有餘，治事敏練，而性喜生事，屢疏劾伯行。朕以伯行操守為天下第一，手批不淮。此議是非顛倒！」下九卿、詹事、科道察奏，復諭曰：「噶禮操守，朕不能信；若無張伯行，江南必受其朘削且半矣。即如陳鵬年稍有聲譽，噶禮欲害之，摘虎丘詩有悖謬語，朕閱其詩，初無他意。又劾中軍副將李麟騎射皆劣。麟比來迎駕，朕試以騎射，俱優。若令噶禮與較，定不能及。朕於是心疑噶禮矣。互劾之案，遣大臣往讞，為噶禮所制。爾等皆能體朕保全廉吏之心，使正人無所疑懼，則海宇蒙昇平之福矣。九卿等議噶禮與伯行同任封疆，互劾失大臣禮，皆奪職；上命留伯行任，噶禮如議奪職。

五十三年，噶禮母叩閽，言噶禮與弟色勒奇、子幹都置毒食物中謀弒母，噶禮妻以別戶子幹泰為子，縱令糾眾毀屋。下刑部鞫得實，擬噶禮當極刑，妻論絞，色勒奇、幹都皆斬，幹泰發黑龍江，家產沒入官。上令噶禮自盡，妻從死，餘如部議。