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About Gavriel Milao
Gabriel Milan
f a m i l y
Children with:
Juliana Regina Von Breitenbach
nn De Castro
Children:
Carl Friderich Milan
Christian Ulrich Milan
Felix Milan
Frantz Ferdinand Milan
Charlotte Isabella Milan
Conrad Adam Milan
Gabriel Milan
- Born: 1631, Spanien
- Married to nn De Castro
- Married 1675 to Juliana Regina Von Breitenbach
- Died: 26 MAR 1689, København, Nytorv. Halshugget
- Occupation: Bankier og Guvernør over Dansk Vestindien
Don Franco de Tebary
Gabriel Milan hed Don Franco de Tebary. Se iøvrigt "Milanbogen"
Milan, Gabriel, o. 1631-1689, Gouvernør paa St. Thomas, tilhørte en jødisk Slægt Milan eller Milano, hvoraf flere Medlemmer have været bosatte i Hamborg. Efter hans egen Beretning havde han først været militær og tjent under Mazarin. I Forbindelse med Danmark kom han først 1667, da han var Kjøbmand i Amsterdam og blev Bankier for Prins Jørgen paa dennes Udenlandsrejse 1667 -70. Griffenfeld brugte ham meget ofte i de følgende Aar til at besørge Indkjøb af Juveler til Dronningen og Kunstsager og Kuriosa til Kongen. Det er vistnok ogsaa væsentlig ved Griffenfelds Hjælp, at han 1668 blev udnævnt til dansk Faktor i Amsterdam og 1671 til Generalfaktor. Som saadan skulde han sende politiske Nyheder hjem, men hans væsentligste Virksomhed var dog som hidtil af finansiel Natur. Han forstrakte Gesandterne i Udlandet med Penge, besørgede Indkjøb til Rigets høje Embedsmænd og kom herved til at spille en ikke ringe Rolle. 1672 fik han tillige Forsendelsen af de danske Breve ved det nederlandske Postvæsen overdraget. Hans Held varede dog ikke længe. Han synes at have tillagt sig selv-lovlig stor Betydning og kom snart i et meget skjævt Forhold til den danske Legation i Haag. Samtidig forværredes hans Pengeforhold i høj Grad, da han stadig maatte staa i Forskud for Kronen for betydelige Summer. Særlig galt blev det, da hans Svoger Josva Abensur, med hvis Penge han havde opereret, døde. 1678 rejste han til Kjøbenhavn for ved sin personlige Nærværelse at faa nogle af sine Fordringer inddrevne. Dermed gik det dog langsomt, og M. led med sin Familie stor Nød i de følgende Aar, i hvilke han opholdt sig dels i Gluckstadt, dels i Kjøbenhavn. En gunstigere Tid syntes at skulle oprinde for ham, da han 1684 udnævntes til Gouvernør paa St. Thomas, men hans Styrelse her blev en fuldstændig Skandale. Forgængeren i Embedet, A. Esmit (IV, 599), som han havde faaet Ordre til at sende hjem, kastede han i Steden for i Fængsel for at presse nogle Penge ud af ham, og over for Befolkningen optraadte han i høj Grad tyrannisk. Til sidst bleve Klagerne over ham saa stærke, at Kompagniet 1686 sendte en Kommissær over for at hente ham hjem. M., der nu synes helt at have tabt Ligevægten, vilde først sætte sig til Modværge, men da Planterne paa Øen gjorde fælles Sag med den udsendte Kommissær, maatte han overgive sig. Efter sin Hjemkomst blev M. med Familie anbragt i Citadellet, og der nedsattes en Kommission til at paakjende Klagerne mod ham. Denne dømte ham 1687 til Fortabelse af Ære, Liv og Gods, hvilken Dom fæstedes af Højesteret 1689. 26. Marts 1689 henrettedes M. paa Nytorv i Kjøbenhavn. - Han var først gift med en Datter af Lægen Benjamin Mussaphia og efter hendes Død med en Enke,. Juliane Regina v. Breitenbach, der overlevede ham.
"Han satte Retten selv, dømte, undertegnede og exekverede i sine egne Sager, som bestod alene i at røve A. Esmit o. A. deres Formue, ja han lod aflive En og Anden uden ringeste forhergaaende Lovmaal, ja vilde gjøre Undersaatterne oprøriske og stillede Kanoner imod Hs. Majestæts Skibe". I Sandhed „Alt er ilde gjort og lige ilde forsvaret"
(Marcus Gjøes, den ene af de 11 retsassessorer)
Tirsdag den 26 Marts 1686 blev Gabriel Milan i morgengryet, henrettet på Nytorv, København. Det afhuggede hovede og kroppen lagt i en fyrretræskiste og begravet på stedet, men senere opgravet og flyttet. Udgifterne hertil blev betalt af det vestindiske Kompagni. 12 Rdl til Mestermanden Andreas Liebeknecht.
"Som en velstillet Mand havde han opgivet sin hæderlige Slægts betryggede Kaar for i en gjærende tid at indtræde i det store kapløb udad, opad og fremad. Han snublede og faldt - ved egne Fejl -, blev trampet ned og blev glemt." (Fr. Krarup)
Sources:
Title: Gabriel Milan og somme af hans Samtid.
Author: Fr. Krarup
Title: Guvernør over Dansk Vestindien Gabriel Milan og hans Efterkommere i Danmark
Abbrev: Terslin: Milan
Author: H. C. Terslin
Publication: N.P. Thysens Bogtrykkeri
Ret og Rimeligt, Nationalmuseet
Milan2008 Issue5 , Sidst opdateret 2008.05.29 ref: Bent Madsen og H.C.TERSLIN 1924
Milan came from a reputable Sephardic Jewish family, likely from Spain, and had connections in Portugal, Flanders, and Hamburg. Some genealogists note that he is the son of Manuel Cardoso de Millao and Sara de Caceres.[2] At some point, his family was forced into a Catholic baptism,[3] however, they had re-assumed their Jewish identity by the time of Milan’s life.[4]
Milan was first married to the daughter of Benjamin Musaphia, a Jewish scholar and author of a number of scientific works regarding archaeology, Semite philology, and alchemy. His wife's given name was not recorded in any sources, except that that her last name was De Castro and her family's coat of arms depicted a negro head.[5] Thus, his family was related by marriage to the well-known Portuguese-Jewish houses of da Costa.[5] Among the people connected to this family was Emanuel Teixiera Cardosa de Milan (also known as Isaac Haim Senior Teixeira – d. 1705), a wealthy merchant in Hamburg who was Milan's uncle by marriage. Another of Milan's uncles was Moseh Abenzur, a shipowner and jeweller who was also known by the names, Paulo de Milao, Milan, and Poul Didricksen.[6] Moseh's oldest son, Josua Abenzur, was the brother-in-law of Milan and in his early dealings, Milan often borrowed money from Josua.
Milan begun his career as a soldier, notably as a colonel in the Spanish cavalry in Flanders (1654–55). He participated in the Thirty Years' War on the Spanish side against France in 1657,[6] and fought at the Battle of Dunkerque. During this period, Milan was living in Brussels and later served under Cardinal Mazarin. In 1667, Milan was an Amsterdam merchant, concerned with financing Prince George of Denmark. In 1668, he was made Danish Factor, and, in 1670, Factor-General in Amsterdam. In this capacity, Milan composed reports on political and commercial matters, which afforded him confidential relations with various important people at the Danish Court. Here Milan learned to speak Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, and Dutch. Milan's first wife died in 1675, leaving behind two children. Shortly thereafter, Milan married the widow Juliane Regina von Breitenbach. With Juliane, Milan had five children (see The children of Gabriel Milan). By 1684, the affairs of St. Thomas were moving too swiftly for the comfort of the directors at Copenhagen. George Iversen, the first Governor of St. Thomas, recounted that he was forced to conform to Adolph Esmit and later, Esmit's older brother, Nicolai, and was held in his office until a new incumbent was secured. The patience of the English government was exhausted, and they had no interest in hearing Esmit's complaints. At a shareholders' meeting on March 10, the directors of the Danish company were asked to choose a new Governor.
Two candidates presented themselves, Balthasar Lachmann, who was an auditor, and Gabriel Milan. Milan was selected because for his linguistic knowledge and business ability.[7] The recommendation, dated March 14, was signed by the executive committee of the directors, consisting of Albert Gyldensparre, a brother of the disgraced Count Griffenfeld; Abraham Wüst, later to become a member of the Board of Trade; and Edward Holst. On May 7, 1684, the King issued an order that deposed Adolph Esmit and named Gabriel Milan as Governor of St. Thomas.
References
2. Heymann, Heymann Family Web Site, accessed February 13, 2007 3. Terslin, Milan, 9 4. Locker, ‘Yehūdīm’, 138. 5. a b Terslin, Milan, 10 6. a b Terslin, Milan, 13 7. Krarup, Milan, 3.
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Gavriel Milao's Timeline
| 1631 |
1631
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Spain or Portugal
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| 1658 |
1658
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City of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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1658
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City of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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| 1676 |
1676
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Amsterdam, Government of Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
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1676
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| 1686 |
1686
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onboard the ship between the west indies and Denmark
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| 1689 |
March 26, 1689
Age 58
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Copenhagen, København, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
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