Hans Martin Kalberlahn, Dr.

Hans Martin Kalberlahn, physician, was born in Drontheim, Norway. His parents were of the Lutheran faith, and he was sent to school regularly in the Lutheran fashion. After completing elementary school at age fifteen, he entered training as a surgeon. On completion of his studies in 1743, at age twenty-one, he set out on his "wander-Jahre," a practice to put the finishing touch on the education of European youth of that period. With his credentials, the young man traveled from city to city to get to know the world, practicing his profession to make his way. He visited Travemunde, Bergen, Hamburg, Lübeck, Copenhagen, and Slagelse. Returning to Copenhagen in 1745, Kalberlahn became associated with a surgeon and remained for two years. During this period he was frequently in the company of the Moravian Brethren. He became particularly interested in the missionary work of the Moravians and desired to become more involved with that religious group. In 1747 he traveled to the Moravian center of Herrnhaag near Frankfurt, Germany, where he worked with Dr. John Matthew Otto. When Otto emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1750, Kalberlahn replaced him as physician for the Single Brethren.

In 1753, the governing board of the Moravian church appointed Kalberlahn physician for the initial group of pioneers assigned to carry the gospel to the Indians in the vicinity of Wachovia, N.C. Kalberlahn left Herrnhaag on 2 May and arrived in Bethlehem, Pa., on 14 September. Twenty-four days later he set out with thirteen other single men on a long, hard journey to the primitive area of Forsyth County, N.C., arriving at a place called Bethabara on 17 November.

The settlers in Bethabara had in Kalberlahn a beloved physician who served them faithfully, not only in medicine but also in many other ways. Moreover neighbors—who previously had not known where to turn when they were ill—began flocking to him from a one-hundred-mile radius. He set their broken bones, healed their wounds, did the necessary surgery, and sheltered the sick for considerable periods of time. He also visited the homes of those who were too ill to travel. At times he was away for as long as five days, visiting the sick in the Yadkin valley, the mountains of Virginia, and other distant areas.

Kalberlahn planted an extensive herb garden in 1756 and introduced several new botanicals to North Carolina. Most of his medications had to be manufactured from plants that were grown in the area. One popular medication at this time was tar water, reputed to be a preventative against smallpox. According to Moravian records, each year the men gathered pine boughs to make tar for the medicine that Kalberlahn needed.

In April 1758 he returned to Bethlehem, Pa., to work for a time with his former colleague, Dr. Otto. While in Pennsylvania he met and married Anna Catharina Antes, who accompanied him on his return to Bethabara in May 1759.

Kalberlahn found the place crowded with refugees from the French and Indian War. To compound the problem, there had been a famine in the area that spring and many of the refugees and inhabitants were underfed. The two forts at Bethabara were overflowing with hungry, frightened neighbors who had sought refuge from marauding Indian bands. In the latter part of June, a severe epidemic of fever—most likely typhus, promoted by malnourishment and crowded conditions—broke out and swept rapidly through Bethabara, lingering until cold weather appeared. Out of two hundred sheltered there, only fourteen were spared the disease. Its fourth victim was Kalberlahn, who died after a four-day illness, one day before the first anniversary of his marriage, at age thirty-seven. In the records, the tall, blue-eyed, blond physician is described as "an angel of mercy" and "the sainted Kalberlahn."

References:

Adelaide L. Fries, ed., Records of the Moravians in North Carolina, vol. 1 (1922).

Memoir or Hans Martin Kalberlahn and Christian G. Reuter, "Flora and Fauna in Wachovia" (Moravian Archives, Winston-Salem).

Additional Resources:

A Long Journey to Wachovia, Old Salem [travel diary for kids]: http://www.oldsalem.org/assets/files/Grade_5_%201753_Travel_Diary.pdf

Guide to the Moravian Medical Garden, City of Winston Salem: http://www.cityofws.org/Assets/CityOfWS/Documents/Bethabara/Med%20G...

Introduction to the Moravian diary, Learn NC: http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/moravian-diary/1888

Picture of Kalberlahn's Grave, Digital Forsyth: http://www.digitalforsyth.org/photos/11468

A Short Tour of Forsyth's Medical Past, Wake Forest School of Medicine: http://www.wakehealth.edu/Library/A-Short-Tour-of-Forsyth-s-Medical...

History of the Moravians in North Carolina, Reichel, Charles Gotthold, 1751-1825, 1829, Volume 05, Pages, 1144-1163, Documenting the American South, UNC Libraries: http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr05-0360

Early Moravian Physicians in Salem, Digital Forsyth: http://www.digitalforsyth.org/photos/stories/early-moravian-physicians

Image Credits:

"Dr. Hans Martin Kalberlahn’s Laboratory". Image courtesy of Digital Forysyth. Available from http://www.digitalforsyth.org/photos/11436 (accessed April 26, 2013).

[Laura M. Mosley 1988]

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En Pionerlæge

Professor, dr. Knut Gjerseth, Decorah, og dr. Ludvig Hektoen, Chicago, har under utarbeidelsen en række biografier over norske læger i De forenede Stater fra pioneertiden til vore dage, skriver "Reform". Det første foreligger nu i et pent, litet hefte, som er utgit ved American Medical Association i Chicago. Og handler om den aller første læge her til landet [USA], dr. John Martin Kelberlahn, eller Hans Morten Kelberlade, som navnet skrives paa norsk. Forældrene var murer Andreas Hansen og hustru Anna Kristine Dahl.

Han begyndte tidlig at sysle med medicinske studier. I 1743 reiste han til Bergen, Hamburg og Lübeck. De følgende aar opholdt han sig i Kjøbenhavn og Slagelse. I 1753 reiste han til London, hvor han sluttet sig til en skare troesbrødre som skulde til Amerika. Og den 9. september samme aar ankom de til New York og den 15. september til Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Herfra drog dr. Kalberlahn samme høst til en hernhutersettlement i Vashovia, North Carolina, hvor han bodde i 5 aar og vandt stor anseelse ved sin hjælpsomhet, dygtighet, klokskap og elskværdighet. Dr. Kalberlahn virket som læge i kolonien til sin død. Foruten sin lægepraksis arbeidet han ogsaa med planter og anla en botanisk have, hvor han dyrket over 90 forkjellige planter og blomster. Av planterne lavet han medicin.

I juni 1759 begyndte en farlig Malariafeber i kolonien. Og dr. Kalberlahn nedla et heltearbeide for at hjælpe de syke, indtil han selv blev smittet og utaandet 23. juli, litt over 37 aar gammel. Han blev begravet paa kirkegaarden i Bethabara, og et gravmæle staar paa graven den dag i dag. [Nordisk Tidende 15. Juli 1926 s. 6]

Kilder:

• L0035: Ministerialprotokoll, Trondheim prestegjeld, Domkirken sokn -

https://media.digitalarkivet.no/kb20070920670286

• Nordisk Tidende 15. Juli 1926 s. 6 - http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digavis_nordisktidende_null_null_192...
• Stanley South: Historical Archaeology in Wachovia (USA 2007) s. 85-92: 'The Doctor's Laboratory'
• Laura M. Mosley: Hans Martin Kalberlahn - http://www.ncpedia.org/biography/kalberlahn-hans-martin
• Emigrantforlaget: 'Trønderen John Martin Kalberlahn var første norske lege i USA' - http://emigrantforlaget.com/tronderen-john-martin-kalberlahn-var-fo...