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Hermann Chargaff owned a small, private bank. His wife was Rosa Silberstein. They were well-educated, German-speaking, Austrian Jews. They had two children: Erwin and his younger sister Greta. The family home was furnished with a small library, whose books were a source of constant fascination and inspiration for Erwin as he grew up. 1910 the bank ran into financial difficulties – money had been embezzled by employees – and Hermann had to look for a job.
World War 1 began in July 1914. The Chargaffs were vacationing at a Baltic Sea resort when reports came to them that the Russian Army was about to capture Czernowitz. Abandoning any hope of returning home, they made other plans. They headed for Vienna. Hermann had died in 1934. In 1943 Rosa, aged 65, was deported from Vienna and never came back.