Joseph D Marshall

Joseph was a Lakota Sioux man of the Sicangu Oyate (Burnt Thigh Nation) Brule Sioux Tribe, Rosebud Reservation

The Brulé are a band of the Teton Lakota American Indian people. They are also known as the Sicangu Oyate, Sicangu Lakota, or "Burnt Thighs Nation". The French called them the Brûlé after learning the meaning of their name.

The Lower Brule Sioux Tribe is located on the west bank of the Missouri River in Lyman and Stanley counties in central South Dakota. The tribe's traditional territory includes the grasslands and river valleys between the Rocky Mountains and the Great Lakes.

Brulé Indians, many wearing war bonnets, on horseback

Curtis, Edward S, photographer. Brulé War Party. December 26, 1907. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2002719673/>.

Biography:

Joseph was the oldest of nine (9) siblings who still lived together in 1902, but as time went by the family broke up, and by 1909 the four oldest all lived separately as head of the family with only Agnes being married. Born c. 1879 to Josephine Marshall and an unknown man, Joseph is not identified as being insane in any census, but at some point, he was admitted to St. Elizebeth Government Hospital for the Insane in Southeast Washington, D.C.

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Joseph was transferred to the Canton Asylum for Insane Indians, by the Rosebud Agency, (probably so he could be closer to home) on January 17, 1903. Upon admission, he was diagnosed with chronic epileptic dementia which was revised in 1910 to epileptic psychosis deteriorating. (Epileptic psychosis refers to the range of psychotic symptoms that can appear in people with epilepsy. In some cases, a patient may have episodes of psychosis that occur around the same time as epileptic seizure activity. In other instances, a patient may develop chronic psychosis symptoms that mirror schizophrenia. There can be several types of psychosis in patients with epilepsy, based on the timing of psychosis with seizure activity.)

Dr. L.L. Culp lists him as John D. Marshall, who died at age 25 on Nov. 17, 1919, = b.c. 1894 which means he would have been c. age 9 when transferred to Canton? Census reports dispute this. This appears to be an erroneous notation, ALL other sources identify him as Joseph D. Marshall age 32 in 1910. According to the letter dated February 17, 1934, from Dr. L.L. Culp to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, John D. Marshall was buried in the Hiawatha Cemetery tier 1 plot 79.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-age is based on Carla Joinson note that he was age 30 in 1909 (Curator Note: using age from 1900 and 1910 US census that align)
-The 1900 census ways he and his parents were born in North Dakota
-In 1903 Joseph is indicated as living alone, I submit that was the year he was transferred to Canton from St. Elizabeth. It was not uncommon for agents to indicate those away at Canton in the local census.
-In 1904 the four oldest children are living away from the family, together under Solomon as Head.
-I could not find the family in the 1886 census, the earliest identified family was in 1891. It is important to remember that census reports disagree on the birthplace of Joseph's parents, some saying that both were born in North Dakota, so there is possibly a relocation involved with entries in census reports. The Brule occupied the areas around the Missouri River which included Wyoming, Nebraska, and both North Dakota and South Dakota The Brule eventually split in two, the Upper and the Lower Brule...the Lower Brule linguistically refer to themselves as Kul Wicasa, which translates as ‘people farther down the river’. The Lower Brule Indian Reservation is a present-day Indian reservation that belongs to the Lower Brule Lakota Sioux Tribe. It is located on the west bank of the Missouri River in Lyman and Stanley counties in central South Dakota. The “Kul Wicasa” (Lower…man…nation), and the Lower Brule Sioux, are members of the Sicangu (Burnt Thigh), one of the bands of the Lakota Tribe.
Source: Byrnes, Stephen L. “Lower Brule Sioux.” Chief Iron Nation, 2024, www.chiefironnation.com/lower-brule-sioux/.
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Sources:

1891 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll427unit/page/n493/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 494/506, line 4428 (age 12, mother 30), census of the Mixed Band 0f Brule Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1897 Jun 26 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll429unit/page/n28/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 29/562, line 747 (age 18), census of the Brule Sioux Tribe of Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1898 Jun 25 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll429unit/page/n158/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 159/562, line 764 (age 19), census of the Brule Sioux Tribe of Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1899 Jun 24 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll429unit/page/n294/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 295/562, line 719 (age 20), census of the Brule Sioux Tribe of Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1900 Jun 7 - "United States Census, 1900", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMFC-SJQ : Wed Mar 06 07:12:08 UTC 2024), Entry for Joseph D Marshall, 1900, pg. 810/875, line 90 (age 22), census of the Government Hospital for the Insane, ED143, Washington City, District of Columbia

1900 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll429unit/page/n449/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 450/562, line 757 (age 21), census of the Brule Sioux Tribe of Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1901 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll430unit/page/n32/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 33/662, line 760, census of the Brule Sioux Tribe, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1902 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll430unit/page/n202/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 203/662, line 780, census of the Brule Sioux Tribe, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1903 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll430unit/page/n310/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 311/662, line 768, census of the Brule Sioux Tribe, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1904 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll430unit/page/n414/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 415/662, line 767, census of the Brule Sioux Tribe, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1905 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll430unit/page/n528/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 529/662, line 749, census of the Brule Sioux Tribe, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1906 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll431unit/page/n26/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 27/503, line 827 (Note: age 27 = b. 1879) census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1907 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll431unit/page/n150/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 151/503, line 827 (age 28) census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1909 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll431unit/page/n268/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 269/503, line 799 (age 30, family has broken up, all listed as heads) census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1910 May 13 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPFS-XD5 : Fri Mar 08 19:01:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Joseph D Marshall, 1910, pg. 81/1082, line 2 (age 32), census of the United States Indian Insane Asylum, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1910 Jun 28 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:688C-DLXK : Sat Mar 09 15:56:23 UTC 2024), Entry for Jos D Marshall, 1910, pg. 504/522, line 17 (age 31), Canton Asylum patient census

1910 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll431unit/page/n385/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 386/503, line 822 (age 31) census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1911 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll432unit/page/n26/mode/1...., Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 27/485, line 795, census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1911 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z1-VQH3 : Sat Mar 09 23:03:32 UTC 2024), Entry for Joseph D Marshall, 1911, pg. 507/522, line 2 (age 32), Canton Asylum patient census

1912 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll432unit/page/n165/mode/...., Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 166/485, line 821, census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1915 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll432unit/page/n313/mode/...., Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 314/485, line 780, census of the Rosebud Sioux Indians, Rosebud Agency, South Dakota

1916 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll433unit/page/n35/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 36/456, line 756, census of the Rosebud Indians

1917 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll433unit/page/n258/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 36/456, line 756, census of the Rosebud Indians, S. Dak.

1918 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll434unit/page/n37/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 38/730, line 823, census of the Rosebud Reservation

1918 Aug 12 - "United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918", database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K6Z6-6WQ : 24 December 2021), Joseph D Marshall, 1917-1918, pg, 1121/1143, stated as Insane by HR Hummer

1919 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll434unit/page/n298/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 299/730, line 794, census of the Rosebud Agency

1919 Nov 21 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493995/joseph_d-marshall: accessed March 11, 2024), memorial page for Joseph D Marshall (unknown–21 Nov 1919), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493995, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

1919 Nov 21 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

John Coal Of Fire 6-20-19 · Joseph D. Marshall 11-21-19 · Willie George 11-23-19