? Juan 'John' Hall

John was a Pima man probably from the Gila River Reservation perhaps from Sacaton, Arizona (tbd)

The Akimel O'odham form the Upper Oʼodham or Upper Pima (also known as Pima Alto)

The Pima Alto or Upper Pima groups were subdivided by scholars on the basis of cultural, economic and linguistic differences into two main groupings:

One was known commonly as the Pima or River Pima. Since the late 20th century, they have been called by their own name, or endonym: Akimel Oʼotham
-Akimel O'odham (Akimel Au-Authm, meaning "River People", often simply called Pima, by outsiders, lived north of and along the Gila, the Salt, and the Santa Cruz rivers in what is today defined as Arizona)
-On'k Akimel O'odham (On'k Akimel Au-Authm – "Salt River People," lived and farmed along the Salt River), now included in the Salt River Indian Reservation.
-Keli Akimel O'otham (Keli Akimel Au-Authm, oft simply Akimel O'odham – "Gila River People", lived and farmed along the Gila River), now known as the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC)
-Ak-Chin O'odham (Ak-Chin Au-Authm),[6] Ak-Chin Indian Community
-Sobaipuri, (also simply called Sobas, called by the neighboring Akimel O'odham as Ṣáṣavino – "spotted"), originally lived in the valleys of the San Pedro River and Upper Santa Cruz River. In the early 18th century, they were gradually driven out of the lower San Pedro River valley. In the middle of the century, their remaining settlements along the upper San Pedro River were broken up by Arivaipa and Pinaleño Apache attacks. They moved west, seeking refuge among the Tohono O'odham and Akimel O'odham, with whom they merged.
Source: Wikipedia contributors. "Akimel O'odham." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 18 Dec. 2023. Web. 21 Apr. 2024.

Located south of Phoenix and including the town of Sacaton, the Gila River Indian Reservation is home to members of the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and the Pee-Posh (Maricopa) tribes.

"Pima Indian Children and Their Hut, Made from Bush Branches, Sacaton Indian Reservation, Sacaton, Arizona. May 24, 1934."
Source: "McCarthy Album 11, Photograph 028," California Archives Search Portal, accessed April 21, 2024, https://archives.sos.ca.gov/items/details/35264'' May 24, 1934

Indian School at Sacaton
Source: Indian School at Sacaton , [96-2265.jpg]. Arizona Memory Project, accessed 22/04/2024, https://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/nodes/view/231162

Further Reading:
1. Hiawatha Insane Asylum - an American Gulag
The perverse history of governmental-Lakota/Dakota relations took a more sinister turn when in 1900 (ten years after Wounded Knee), the Hiawatha Insane Asylum was built. It operated for over thirty years, then was torn down. The bodies of those native people who died there are buried under what is now a golf course in Canton, South Dakota.
Source: Stawicki, Elizabeth. “Hiawatha Insane Asylum for Indians.” Sites.rootsweb.com, 9 Dec. 1997, sites.rootsweb.com/~sdlincol/hiawatha.htm.
2. S, David. “First Presbyterian Church of Sacaton, Arizona.” Presbyterian Historical Society, 6 May 2019, www.history.pcusa.org/blog/2019/05/first-presbyterian-church-sacaton-arizona. Accessed 21 Apr. 2024.
3. Wikipedia contributors. "Ira Hayes." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 18 Apr. 2024. Web. 21 Apr. 2024.
4. “Ira Hayes - Pima Native American and National War Hero.” Monah, 18 Jan. 2021, www.monah.org/luminaries/2021/1/5/ira-hayes-national-war-hero.

Biography:
Born c. 1880...

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, John was admitted to the Canton Asylum on November 10, 1905, and diagnosed with Chronic melancholia (Melancholia, also known as melancholic depression, is a type of depression that can cause people to feel slow, have a flat mood, and have little emotional expression.), revised to dementia praecox in 1910 (Dementia praecox is an obsolete term for schizophrenia, a severe mental illness that causes rapid cognitive decline). John apparently did not speak at all.

According to the 1910 census, John attended the Sacaton Indian School, and according to the 1911 census from the Canton Asylum, John was married.

In his letter dated February 17, 1934, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Dr. L.L. Culp advises that John Hall was age 34 when he died at the Canton Asylum and that he was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery tier 1 plot 95. Carla Joinson's book says he died of complications of diabetes.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-The 1894 Sacaton census and the 1887 Gila River Reservation census, John would have been age 7, are written with Indian names only...
-Sacaton is the capital of the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC), which is located in Arizona and made up of seven districts along the Gila River. The GRIC is home to members of the Akimel O'odham (Pima) and Pee-Posh (Maricopa) tribes. Sacaton is one of the largest communities on the reservation, along with Komatke, Santan, and Blackwater.
-The English name John Hall does not appear in the Indian census of the 1890s
__________
Sources:

?1887 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll347unit/page/n21/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 22/748, line 280, census of the Pima Indians, Gila River Reservation, Arizona

1910 May 13 - Thirteenth Census of the United States, pg. xx, line 26 (Inmate, age 29), census of the United States Indian Insane Asylum, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1910 Jul 2 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll015unit/page/n501/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 502/519, line 9, 1910 Canton Asylum census, Canton, S.D.

1910 Oct 12 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=675, line 63, Table 7 Form of mental disease of those admitted since opening of Asylum

1910 Oct 12 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=677, line 25, Table 8 Form of mental disease of those in Asylum, June 30, 1910, revised

1911 Jul 3 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives
and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll015unit/page/n503/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 504/519, line xx, 1911 Canton Asylum census, Canton, S.D.

1914 May 27 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493945/john-hall: accessed April 21, 2024), memorial page for John Hall (unknown–27 May 1914), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493945, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

1914 May 27 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Charlie Clafflin 3-2-14 · John Hall 5-27-14 · Amos Deerr 7-13-14