Kong Guangsen 孔廣森

K'UNG Kuang-sên 孔廣森 (T. 衆仲, 撝約, H. 顨[%E5%B7%BD]軒), 1752–1786, scholar, a native of Ch'ü-fu, Shantung, was a descendant of Confucius in the seventieth generation. His grandfather, K'ung Ch'uan-to 孔傳鐸 (T. 振路, d. 1735, age 63 sui), inherited the title, Duke Yen-shêng 衍聖公 in 1723. His father, Kung Chi-fên 孔繼汾 (T. 體儀, H. 止堂, d. 1786, age 62 sui), was a chü-jên of 1747 and the author of the 闕里文獻考 Ch'üeh-li wên-hsien k'ao, 100 + 1 chüan, printed in 1762—a comprehensive work on Confucius, his descendants, his disciples, and his philosophy. K'ung Kuang-sên became a chü-jên in 1768 at the age of seventeen sui. Three years later (1771) he became a chin-shih and a member of the Hanlin Academy, and was later appointed a corrector. His mother died in 1777. Although he resumed his official duties when the mourning period was over, he retired soon after. Before long his family became involved in a law suit, which made it necessary for him to go to many places for help. He was in Honan on this matter in 1785 when he met Pi Yüan [q.v.]. There he became acquainted with many scholars who were on Pi Yüan's secretarial staff, among them Sun Hsing-yen and Hung Liang-chi [qq.v.]. Early in the winter of the following year (1786) Kung Kuang-sên died—a few months after the decease of his father.

K'ung Kuang-sên was an ardent student of the classics, especially in matters relating to the Kung-yang school of the Spring and Autumn Annals. He was the first scholar in the Ch'ing period to study the Kung-yang interpretations, but his influence was negligible. Chuang Ts'un-yü [q.v.] is regarded as the real founder of the Kung-yang school which flourished in the later Ch'ing period.

Although K'ung Kuang-sên lived a short life of only thirty-four years he left seven works, which were printed during the years 1792–1814, first by his younger brother, K'ung Kuang-lien 孔廣廉 (T. 靜吾), and then by his son, K'ung Fu-ch'ien 孔服虔 (T. 元敬), a chin-shih of 1801. These works were brought together under the general title 顨軒孔氏所著書 Hsün-hsüan K'ung-shih so-chu shu. The following five of the seven titles relate to the classics: 公羊春秋經傳通義 Kung-yang Ch'un-ch'iu ching-chuan t'ung-i, 12 chüan; 大戴禮記補注 Ta-Tai Li-chi pu-chu, 14 chüan; 詩聲類 Shih shêng lei, 13 chüan; 禮學卮言 Li-hsüeh chih-yen, 6 chüan; and 經學卮言 Ching-hsüeh chih-yen, 6 chüan. The other two titles are 少廣正負術內外篇 Shao-kuang chêng-fu shu nei-wai p'ien, 6 chüan—a work on mathematics; and 駢儷文 P'ien-li wên, 3 chüan, his collected prose in the balanced, or p'ien-li style. All of these works, some of them in abbreviated form, appear in various collectanea. K'ung Kuang-sên was also an accomplished calligrapher.

[1/487/25a; 3/129/36a; 29/6/16a; 山東通志 Shan-tung t'ung-chih (1915) 172/15a; Ch'üeh-li wên-hsien k'ao 10/6a, 100/1b.]

Tu Lien-chê

Kong Guangsen 孔廣森 【參考資料: MQWW PoetID #4574.】 《清代人物生卒年表》定其生卒年為乾隆17年~乾隆51年。 《清代人物生卒年表》原注：「孔廣森卒年一作乾隆五十二年（1787）。」 【參考《清代人物生卒年表》#2737.】

MQWW: 孔廣森

乾隆辛卯恩科進士 翰林院檢討

著有

• 《公羊通義》八卷
• 《大戴禮補注》七卷
• 《詩聲類》十二卷
• 《禮學厄言》六卷
• 《經學厄言》六卷
• 《少廣正負術》六卷
• 《駢儷文》三卷
• 《儀鄭堂詩稿》一卷

《清史稿》卷481

孔廣森，字眾仲，曲阜人，孔子六十八代孫，襲封衍聖公傳鐸之孫，戶部主事繼汾之子。乾隆三十六年進士，選翰林院庶吉士，散館授檢討。年少入官，性淡泊，耽著述，不與要人通謁。告養歸，不復出。及居大母與父喪，竟以哀卒，時乾隆五十一年，年三十五。

廣森聰穎特達，嘗受經戴震、姚鼐之門，經史、小學，沉覽妙解。所學在公羊春秋，嘗以左氏舊學湮於征南，穀梁本義汨於武子。王祖游謂何休志通公羊，往往為公羊疚病。其餘啖助、趙匡之徒，又橫生義例，無當於經，唯趙汸最為近正。何氏體大思精，然不無承訛率臆。於是旁通諸家，兼采左、穀，擇善而從，著春秋公羊通義十一卷，序一卷。凡諸經籍義有可通於公羊者，多著錄之。

其不同於解詁者，大端有數事：謂古者諸侯分土而守，分民而治，有不純臣之義，故各得紀年於其境內。而何劭公謂唯王者然後改元立號，經書元年，為託王於魯，則自蹈所云反傳違戾之失。其不同一也。謂春秋分十二公而為三世，舊說「所傳聞之世」，隱、桓、莊、閔、僖也；「所聞之世」，文、宣、成、襄也；「所見之世」，昭、定、哀也。顏安樂以為：襄公二十三年「邾婁鼻我來奔」，云「邾婁無大夫，此何以書？以近書也」；又昭公二十七年「邾婁快來奔」，傳云「邾婁無大夫，此何以書？以近書也」：二文不異，同宜一世，故斷自孔子生後，即為「所見之世」，從之。其不同二也。謂桓十七年經無夏，二家經皆有夏，獨公羊脫耳。何氏謂：「夏者陽也，月者陰也，去夏者，明夫人不繫於公也。」所不敢言。其不同三也。謂春秋上本天道，中用王法，而下理人情。天道者：一曰時，二曰月，三曰日。王法者：一曰譏，二曰貶，三曰絕。人情者：一曰尊，二曰親，三曰賢。此三科九旨。而何氏文謚例云：「三科九旨者，新周故宋，以春秋當新王，此一科三旨也。」又云：「所見異辭，所聞異辭，所傳聞又異辭。」二科六旨也。又「內其國而外諸夏，內諸夏而外夷狄，是三科九旨也」。其不同四也。他如何氏所據間有失者，多所裨損，以成一家之言。又謂左氏之事詳，公羊之義長，春秋重義不重事。皆好學深思，心知其意。其為說能融會貫通，使是非之旨不謬於聖人大旨，見自序中。儀徵阮元謂讀其書始知聖志之所在。

又著有大戴禮記補注十四卷，詩聲類十三卷，禮學言六卷，經學言六卷，少廣正負術內外篇六卷。駢體兼有漢、魏、六朝、初唐之勝，江都汪中讀之，歎為絕手。然廣森不自足，作堂於其居，名曰「儀鄭」，自庶幾於康成。桐城姚鼐謂其將以孔子之裔傳孔子之學，雖康成猶不足以限之。惜奔走家難，勞思夭年，不充其志，藝林有遺憾焉。