Lupe Maria

Lupe was a Pueblo woman of the Laguna Pueblo Paguate Village

Paguate is one of six villages in the Pueblo of Laguna, those six villages are Laguna, Mesita, Paguate, Seama, Paraje, and Encinal. The local language is Keresan, and the people are called Kawaik.

Source: Wikipedia contributors. "Laguna Pueblo." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 7 Apr. 2024. Web. 2 May. 2024.

Source: Wilson, Marie. “Laguna Pueblo.” PeakVisor, peakvisor.com/park/laguna-pueblo.html. Accessed 2 May 2024.

What became the modern Laguna village was established in 1699, following the social upheavals caused by the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 and the Spanish campaign to retake the region that began in 1692. A group of Kawaik people and other refugees from Cienguilla, Santo Domingo, Cochiti, and Zia Pueblos created the settlement. This diverse group built the pueblo's main village into the light-yellow sandstone slope on the west side of the San José River. As part of the re-establishing authority, the Franciscans returned to the ruins of the previous churches or founded new missions throughout the region. At Laguna, Franciscans oversaw the construction of Mission San José.

The San José de Laguna Mission, aka the Laguna Church

In the late 1870s, the mission became a center of conflict between tribal factions, the traditional and Catholic community on one hand and the growing Protestant community on the other. Threats to tear down the church occurred during this time. The church had fallen into disrepair and was being used as a corral. The sacristan of the church opposed the efforts to destroy the mission and began repairing the church. The mission church underwent various repairs in the following years and an extensively rehabilitation in 1932. Today, the interior is white-washed and repainted.

Source: NPS. “Mission San José de Laguna - Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas (U.S. National Park Service).” Www.nps.gov, www.nps.gov/subjects/travelspanishmissions/mission-san-jose-de-laguna.htm. Accessed 3 May 2024.

Biography:
Lupe Maria was born c. 1891 to an unknown father and a mother named Juana Maria, She had one male sibling, Willie Maria born c. 1896

According to the book Vanished in Hiawatha by Carla Joinson, Lupe was admitted to the Canton asylum on May 31, 1905, and diagnosed with hemiplegia w/epilepsy, syphilitic, later in 1910 revised to epilepsy with idiocy (Neurosyphilis, a late complication of primary syphilis, can cause hemiplegia and seizures. It can also cause other focal neurological deficits, such as aphasia, delirium, dementia, and parkinsonism. According to the Disability Museum, epilepsy can have a negative effect on idiocy, and sometimes epilepsy attacks can gradually and steadily destroy faculties.).

In a letter dated February 17, 1934, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Dr. L.L. Culp advised that Lupe was committed from Laguna-Paguate, New Mexico, died in the Canton Asylum on October 27, 1916, and was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery in tier 6 plot 2.

Her profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-In the transmittal for the 1898 census we find this statement: "The Laguna PUeblo is scattered in a number of villages from which no returns could be secured."
-The 1910 census identifies her as Given Name: Lupe Surname: Maria
-Per the 1910 census Maria graduated from the Albuquerque Indian School

Albuquerque Indian School in 1885, Relocated from Duranes to Albuquerque in 1881. -
Source: Wikipedia contributors. "Albuquerque Indian School." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 4 Sep. 2023. Web. 2 May. 2024. NARA - 292865
-It's pure speculation, but a lead...In the PUeblo census reports, Juana, the mother of Lupe is given the surname Maria. Census reports say that both the unnamed father and Juana the mother were born in New Mexico. The Jicarilla Apache reservation is a short distance NW of Pueblo Laguna. Both reservations are from 1885-1899 under the jurisdiction of the Pueblo Agency. In the census reports there are many families with the surname Maria. Conclusion: It seems possible that Lupe Maria's father could therefore be Jicarilla Apache.
-In the 1906 census of the McCartys band of Pueblo Indians there is listed a Maria, Juana age 25, and daughter Maria, Lupe age 2. This must be different people from those in the 1904 census of the McCartys band of Pueblo Indians where people of the same name were aged 52 and 15. It is also possible that the age 25 has been transposed from 52, and a new daughter named Lupe replaces the elder daughter who by now has been admitted to the Canton Asylum. Again, there is no father listed.

Additional Reading:
1. Baer, Marjorie, and Ann Baggerman Frej. Pueblo of Laguna a Project Report U S Department of the Interior National Park Service. 1983.
2. Hammons, Suzanne. ““San Jose de La Laguna”: A History of the Church at Laguna Pueblo.” Voice of the Southwest, 9 Apr. 2014, voiceofthesouthwest.org/san-jose-de-la-laguna-a-history-of-the-church-at-laguna-pueblo/. Accessed 3 May 2024.
3. “National Archives NextGen Catalog.” Catalog.archives.gov, 9 Mar. 1973, catalog.archives.gov/id/77847709. Accessed 3 May 2024.@ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77847709
4. Kessell, John L. “The Missions of New Mexico since 1876.” Npshistory.com, 2024, npshistory.com/publications/kessell/nm-missions/index.htm. Accessed 3 May 2024.
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Sources:

1904 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QY4F-J4MM : Fri Mar 08 11:20:57 UTC 2024), Entry for Lupe Maria, 1904, pg. 97/790, line 22 (age 15), census of the McCartys band of Pueblo Indians, New Mexico

1910 May 12/13 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPXP-WD8 : Sat Mar 09 05:34:10 UTC 2024), Entry for Gilbert Schrager and Sigar Monson, 1910, pg. 79/1082, line 39 (age 20), census of the Indian Insane Asylum, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1910 May 13 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPFS-X6C : Fri Mar 08 19:01:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Lupe Maria, 1910, pg. 81/1082, line 17 (Inmate age 20), census of the United states Indian Insane Asylum, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1912 Aug 10 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=774, line 46, Table 7 Form of mental disease of those admitted since opening of Asylum

1912 Aug 10 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=677, line 17, Table 8 Form of mental disease of those in Asylum, June 30, 1910, revised

1911 Jul 3 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z5-J9H1 : Sun Mar 10 14:50:51 UTC 2024), Entry for Lupe Maria, 1911, pg. 506/522, line xx, census of the Insane Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton, SD

1916 Oct 27 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14491734/lupe_maria-unknown: accessed May 2, 2024), memorial page for Lupe Maria Unknown (unknown–27 Oct 1916), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14491734, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

1916 Oct 27 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Maggie Snow 7-10-16 · Lupe Maria 10-27-16 · Lizzie Vipont 4-17-17