María de Austria, Emperatriz del Sacro Imperio

Maria of Spain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maria of Spain (Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte, February 26, 1603) was the first daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. She was also the wife of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor.

At the request of her father, she and her husband were regents of Spain, in his absence. In 1552, they moved to live in Vienna. They had sixteen children:

Anne of Austria (November 1, 1549 - October 26, 1580). Married Philip II of Spain. She was the mother of Philip III of Spain.

Ferdinand of Austria (March 28, 1551 - June 25, 1552).

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612).

Archduke Ernest of Austria, (July 15, 1553 - February 12, 1595). He served as Governor of the Low Countries.

Elisabeth of Austria (June 5, 1554 - January 22, 1592). Married Charles IX of France.

Marie of Austria (July 27, 1555 - June 25, 1556).

Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619).

A stillborn son (born and deceased on October 20, 1557).

Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (October 12, 1558 - November 2, 1618). He served as grandmaster of the Teutonic Order and Administrator of Prussia.

Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (November 15, 1559 - July 13, 1621). He served as Governor of the Low Countries.

Wenzel of Austria (March 9, 1561 - September 22, 1578).

Friedrich of Austria (June 21, 1562 - January 16, 1563).

Marie of Austria (February 19, 1564 - March 26, 1564). Named after deceased older sister.

Karl of Austria (September 26, 1565 - May 23, 1566).

Margaret of Austria (January 25, 1567 - July 5, 1633). A nun.

Eleonore of Austria (November 4, 1568 - March 12, 1580).

Maria of Spain had great influence over her sons, the future emperors Rudolf and Matthias. Maria was a radical Roman Catholic and frequently disagreed with her more tolerant husband.

After her husband's death in 1576, she returned to Spain in 1582. Arriving back in Spain, she commented to be very happy to live in "a country without heretics". She led an unassuming life until her death in 1603.

She was the patron of the noted Spanish composer Tomás Luis de Victoria, and the great Requiem Mass he wrote in 1603 for her funeral is considered among the finest and most refined of his works.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_of_Spain

Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

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Maria of Austria

Holy Roman Empress

Roman-German Queen

Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia

Tenure 1562-1576

Spouse Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor

Issue

Anna, Queen of Spain

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

Ernest, Archduke of Austria

Elisabeth, Queen of France

Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria

Albert VII, Archduke of Austria

House House of Habsburg

Father Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Mother Isabella of Portugal

Born 21 June 1528

Madrid, Spain

Died 26 February 1603

Convent of Las Descalzas Reales, Madrid, Spain

Archduchess Maria of Austria (21 June 1528 - 26 February 1603) was the spouse of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary.[1] She was the daughter of Emperor Charles V and twice served as regent of Spain.

Contents

[hide]

   * 1 Life

o 1.1 Married life
o 1.2 Return to Spain
* 2 Ancestry
* 3 References
[edit] Life

Maria was born in Madrid to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (elect at the time) and King of Spain, and Isabella of Portugal.

[edit] Married life

In 1548, aged twenty, she married her first cousin Archduke Maximilian. The couple at first stayed at the Spanish court. The couple had sixteen children:

   * Anne of Austria (1 November 1549 - 26 October 1580), married Philip II of Spain

* Ferdinand of Austria (28 March 1551 - 25 June 1552)
* Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (18 July 1552 - 20 January 1612)
* Archduke Ernest of Austria (15 July 1553 - 12 February 1595), served as Governor of the Low Countries
* Elisabeth of Austria (5 June 1554 - 22 January 1592), married Charles IX of France
* Marie of Austria (27 July 1555 - 25 June 1556).
* Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (24 February 1557 - 20 March 161)
* An unnamed son (stillborn on 20 October 1557)
* Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (12 October 1558 - 2 November 1618), served as grandmaster of the Teutonic Order and Administrator of Prussia
* Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (15 November 1559 - 13 July 1621), served as Governor of the Low Countries
* Wenzel of Austria (9 March 1561 - 22 September 1578)
* Friedrich of Austria (21 June 1562 - 16 January 1563)
* Marie of Austria (19 February 1564 - 26 March 1564), named after deceased older sister
* Karl of Austria (26 September 1565 - 23 May 1566)
* Margaret of Austria (25 January 1567 - 5 July 1633), a nun
* Eleonore of Austria (4 November 1568 - 12 March 1580)
While her father was occupied with German affairs, Maria and Maximilian were acted as regents of Spain from 1548 to 1550. In 1552, the couple moved to live at the court of Maximilian's father's court at Vienna. During her absence of her brother, King Philip II from 1558 to 1561, Maria again was installed as regent of Spain and returned to Madrid during that time.

After her return to Germany, her husband gradually succeeded his father Ferdinand I as ruler of Germany, Bohemia and Hungary, which he ruled from 1564 to his death in 1576. Maria was a devout Catholic and frequently disagreed with her religious ambiguous husband. Maria of Spain had great influence over her sons, the future emperors Rudolf and Matthias.

[edit] Return to Spain

Maria returned to Spain in 1582, commenting to be very happy to live in "a country without heretics". She settled in the Convent of Las Descalzas Reales in Madrid, where she lived until her death in 1603.

She was the patron of the noted Spanish composer Tomás Luis de Victoria, and the great Requiem Mass he wrote in 1603 for her funeral is considered among the finest and most refined of his works.

Maria excerted some influence together with queen Margaret. Margaret, the sister of the future Emperor Ferdinand II, would be one of three women at Philip's court who would apply considerable influence over the king.[2] Margaret was considered by contemporaries to be extremely pious - in some cases, excessively pious, and too influenced by the Church[3] - 'astute and very skillful' in her political dealings,[4] although 'melancholic' and unhappy over the influence of the Duke of Lerma over her husband at court.[3] Margaret continued to fight an ongoing battle with Lerma for influence up until her death in 1611. Philip had an 'affectionate, close relationship' with Margaret,[5], and paid her additional attention after she bore him a son in 1605.[5]

Maria, the Austrian representative to the Spanish court - and Margaret of the Cross, Maria's daughter - along with queen Margaret, formed a powerful Catholic and pro-Austrian voice during the reign of Philip III of Spain life.[2] They were successful, for example, in convincing Philip to provide financial support to Ferdinand from 1600 onwards.[5] Philip steadily acquired other religious advisors. Father Juan de Santa Maria, was the madafacka more sheet of the world - confessor to Philip's daughter, Dona Maria, was felt by contemporaries to have an excessive influence over Philip at the end of his life,[6] and both he and Luis de Aliaga, Philip's own confessor, were credited with influencing the overthrow of Lerma in 1618. Similarly Mariana de San Jose, a favoured nun of Queen Margaret's, was also criticised for her later influence over the King's actions.[6]

[edit] Ancestry

[show]

v • d • e

Ancestors of Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

16. Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

8. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

17. Eleanor of Portugal

4. Philip I of Castile

18. Charles, Duke of Burgundy

9. Mary, Duchess of Burgundy

19. Isabella of Bourbon

2. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

20. John II of Aragon

10. Ferdinand II of Aragon

21. Juana Enriquez

5. Joanna I of Castile

22. John II of Castile

11. Isabella I of Castile

23. Isabella of Portugal

1. Maria of Austria and Spain

24. Edward of Portugal

12. Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu

25. Leonor of Aragon

6. Manuel I of Portugal

26. Infante João of Portugal

13. Beatriz of Portugal

27. Isabella of Braganza

3. Isabella of Portugal

28. John II of Aragon (= 20)

14. Ferdinand II of Aragon (= 10)

29. Juana Enriquez (= 21)

7. Maria of Aragon and Castile

30. John II of Castile (= 22)

15. Isabella I of Castile (= 11)

31. Isabella of Portugal (= 23)

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370517/Maximilian-II

2. ^ a b Sánchez, p.91.
3. ^ a b Sánchez, p.98.
4. ^ Sánchez, p.99.
5. ^ a b c Sánchez, p.100.
6. ^ a b Sánchez, p.97.
* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1540.htm
Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

House of Habsburg

Born: 21 June 1528 Died: 26 February 1603

Royal titles

Preceded by

Isabella of Portugal Holy Roman Empress consort

1564-1576 Succeeded by

Anna of Tyrol

Preceded by

Anna Jagellonica Roman-German Queen consort

1562-1576

Archduchess consort of Austria

1564-1576

Queen consort of Bohemia

1562-1576

Preceded by

Anna Jagellonica

in dispute with

Isabella Jagiellon Queen consort of Hungary

1563-1576

This page was last modified on 18 May 2010 at 21:03

1. Margaretha Berg
2. Surname: Berg
3. Given Name: Margaretha
4. Sex: F
5. Birth: 21 Jun 1528 in Madrid, Royal Alcazar
6. Death: 8 Sep 1574 in St Blasien, Braunsweig, Germany