Margaret de Habsburgo, princess of Asturias

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_Savoy

w i k i s p a m

Margarita de Austria (* Bruselas (Bélgica); 10 de enero de 1480 – † Malinas (Id.); 1 de diciembre de 1530); archiduquesa de Austria, infanta de España y duquesa de Saboya.

Biografía  

Hija del archiduque Maximiliano de Austria (luego Maximiliano I del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico y de María de Borgoña, duquesa de Borgoña. Hermana menor del archiduque Felipe el Hermoso, casado con Juana I de Castilla, hija de los Reyes Católicos, y de esta manera tía paterna de los hijos de éstos: Carlos V, y I de España, Fernando I de Habsburgo, Leonor de Austria, reina de Portugal y luego de Francia, Isabel de Austria, reina de Dinamarca, María de Austria, reina de Hungría y Catalina de Austria, reina de Portugal. Margarita le debió su nombre a la tercera esposa de Carlos el Temerario y madrastra de María de Borgoña, Margarita de York, hermana de Eduardo IV de Inglaterra.

Margarita fue comprometida en 1483 al delfín de Francia, luego Carlos VIII de Francia, y fue enviada a Francia bajo el cuidado del rey Luis XI de Francia, llevando como dote Artois y el Franco Condado; todo esto fue formando parte del Tratado de Arras. Margarita vivió así diez años en Francia, donde primero recibió el título de delfina y luego en la corte francesa y crónicas contemporáneas, de reina de Francia, aunque nunca se casó con Carlos VIII. En 1493, Carlos VIII renunció al Tratado de Arras y se casó con otra heredera, Ana de Bretaña, volviendo Margarita con su padre.

En 1497, Margarita desposó al infante Juan de Aragón y Castilla (1478-1497), único hijo varón y heredero de los Reyes Católicos, que sin embargo murió seis meses después, dejando a Margarita embarazada. Margarita sumida en una profunda tristeza por la muerte de su esposo, daría a luz prematuramente una niña que no sobrevivió. En 1501, se volvió a casar con Filiberto II, duque de Saboya (1480-1504), del que no tuvo hijos y que murió tres años más tarde. A pesar de que se pensó en otras posibles uniones para Margarita (tales como Enrique VII de Inglaterra, viudo de Isabel de York), Margarita no quiso volver a casarse. Por esa epoca su hermano Felipe el Hermoso murió tragicamente joven. Entonces fue cuando su padre le ofreció la regencia de los Países Bajos (1507-1515) y la tutela de su sobrino el futuro Carlos V y sus hermanos Leonor, Isabel y María por amor a la memoria de su difunto hermano.

Margarita dirigió con prudencia y sabiduría en los Países Bajos, actuando como intermediaria de su padre, también negoció un tratado con Inglaterra, en el que se favorecía el comercio de ropas flamencas. También participó en la Liga de Cambrai (1508).

Después de 1515, Carlos V se rebeló brevemente contra su influencia, aunque prontamente la reconoció como un consejero sabio y razonable, volviendo a restituir su puesto en 1519, intermitentemente, hasta su muerte. Ella negoció junto a Luisa de Saboya la llamada Paz de las Damas, en 1529.

Margarita de Austria murió en Malinas, después de declarar heredero único y universal a su sobrino Carlos V, y I de España. Está enterrada en Bourg-en-Bresse, Franco Condado.

En su tiempo fue considerada, junto a Ana de Bretaña, Luisa de Saboya y Catalina de Aragón, una de las mujeres más inteligentes de la realeza europea.

Predecesor:

Guillermo de Croy Gobernadora de los Países Bajos Españoles

1507–1530 Sucesor:

María de Habsburgo

Obtenido de "http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_de_Austria_(1480-1530)"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria

Archduchess Margaret of Austria

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For other people named Margaret of Austria, see Margaret of Austria (disambiguation).

Archduchess Margaret of Austria

Princess of Asturias

Duchess consort of Savoy

Portrait of Margaret of Austria, dressed as a widow, by Bernard van Orley

Spouse John, Prince of Asturias

Philibert II, Duke of Savoy

Father Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Mother Mary, Duchess of Burgundy

Born 10 January 1480(1480-01-10)

Died 1 December 1530 (aged 50)

Belgium

Archduchess Margaret of Austria (German: Margaretha) (10 January 1480 – 1 December 1530) was the Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (Landvogt) from 1507 to 1515 and from 1519 to 1530. She was the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Mary, Duchess of Burgundy.

Contents

[hide]

   * 1 Early life

* 2 Marriages
o 2.1 First Marriage
o 2.2 Second Marriage
* 3 Political Role
* 4 Patroness of the Arts
* 5 Death
* 6 Ancestry
* 7 Recordings
* 8 References
[edit] Early life

Portrait of Margaret by Jean Hey, ca. 1490 (aged ten)

In 1483, she was betrothed to the Dauphin of France, later King Charles VIII of France, bringing with her a dowry of Franche-Comté and Artois, and was transferred to the guardianship of King Louis XI of France (see Treaty of Arras, 1482). She received a fine education. After Charles renounced the treaty and married Anne, Duchess of Brittany, Margaret was returned to her father in 1493.

[edit] Marriages

Juan, Prince of Asturias

first husband

Philibert II, Duke of Savoy

second husband

Philip the Handsome

brother

Joanna of Castile

sister-in-law

[edit] First Marriage

In 1497, she was married to John, Prince of Asturias (1478–1497), the son and heir of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. The marriage was part of a double alliance, also including her brother Philip the Handsome marrying John's sister Joanna. John died after only six months. She was left pregnant, but gave birth to a stillborn girl. The Dowager Princess of Asturias returned to the Netherlands early in 1500.

[edit] Second Marriage

In 1501, she married Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (1480–1504), who died three years later. This marriage had been childless as well. After his death, she vowed never to marry again. Her court historian and poet Jean Lemaire de Belges gave her the title "Dame de deuil" (Lady of Mourning)[1].

[edit] Political Role

She was appointed for the first time as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (1507–1515) and guardian of her young nephew Charles (the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). Margaret acted as intermediary between her father and his subjects in the Netherlands, negotiated a treaty of commerce with England favorable to the Flemish cloth interests, and played a role in the formation of the League of Cambrai (1508). After his majority in 1515, Charles rebelled against her influence, but he soon recognized her as one of his wisest advisers, and she was again governor of the Netherlands (1519–30) intermittently until her death. In 1529, together with Louise of Savoy, she negotiated the Treaty of Cambrai, the so-called Ladies' Peace.

Her reign was a period of relative peace and prosperity for the Netherlands, although the Protestant Reformation started to take root, especially in the northern Netherlands. The first Protestant martyrs were burnt at the stake in 1524 and 1525. She had some difficulty in keeping Duke Charles of Guelders under control. She could make him sign the Treaty of Gorinchem in 1528, but the problem was not finally dealt with during her reign.

[edit] Patroness of the Arts

Margaret had received a fine education. She played several instruments, was well read and wrote poetry. Her court at Mechelen was visited by the great humanists of her time, including Erasmus[2]. She possessed a rich library, consisting mostly of missals, historical and ethical treatises (which the works of Christine de Pizan) and poetry. It included the famous illuminated Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry[3]. She ordered several splendid music manuscripts from Pierre Alamire[4] to send them as gifts to members and her family and to her political relations, and possessed several Chansonniers herself[5]. They contained works by Josquin Desprez, Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht and Pierre de la Rue, who was her favourite composer.

[edit] Death

She died at Mechelen, between Antwerp and Brussels, her main place of residence in the Netherlands, after appointing her nephew, Charles V, as her universal and sole heir. She is buried at Bourg-en-Bresse, [department of l'Ain, Rhone-Alpes] in the magnificent mausoleum that she ordered for her second husband (Philibert) and her. There is a statue of her next to the cathedral of Mechelen.

[edit] Ancestry

[show]

v • d • e

Ancestors of Archduchess Margaret of Austria

16. Leopold III, Duke of Austria

8. Ernest, Duke of Austria

17. Viridis Visconti

4. Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

18. Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia

9. Cymburgis of Masovia

19. Alexandra of Lithuania

2. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

20. John I of Portugal

10. Edward of Portugal

21. Philippa of Lancaster

5. Eleanor of Portugal

22. Ferdinand I of Aragon

11. Leonor of Aragon

23. Eleanor of Alburquerque

1. Margaret of Habsburg

24. John II, Duke of Burgundy

12. Philip III, Duke of Burgundy

25. Margaret of Bavaria

6. Charles I, Duke of Burgundy

26. John I of Portugal (= 20)

13. Isabel of Portugal

27. Philippa of Lancaster (= 21)

3. Mary of Burgundy

28. John I, Duke of Bourbon

14. Charles I, Duke of Bourbon

29. Marie, Duchess of Auvergne

7. Isabella of Bourbon

30. John II, Duke of Burgundy (= 24)

15. Agnes of Burgundy

31. Margaret of Bavaria (= 25)

Archduchess Margaret of Austria

House of Habsburg

Born: 10 January 1480 Died: 1 December 1530

Regnal titles

Preceded by

William de Croÿ Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands

1507 - 1530 Succeeded by

Mary of Habsburg

Spanish nobility

Vacant

Title last held by

Blanche II of Navarre Princess of Asturias

as spouse of John, Prince of Asturias

1497 Vacant

Title next held by

Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal

Italian nobility

Preceded by

Yolande Louise of Savoy Duchess consort of Savoy

1501 - 1504 Vacant

Title next held by

Beatrice of Portugal

[show]

v • d • e

Austrian archduchesses by birth

1st Generation

none

2nd Generation

Archduchess Helena · Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria

3rd Generation

Margaret, Duchess of Savoy

4th Generation

Eleanor, Queen of France* · Isabella, Queen of Denmark-Norway* · Maria, Queen of Hungary* · Catherine, Queen of Portugal*

5th Generation

Elisabeth, Queen of Poland · Maria, Holy Roman Empress* · Anna, Duchess of Bavaria · Archduchess Isabella* · Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg · Archduchess Magdalena · Catherine, Queen of Poland · Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua · Archduchess Margaret · Joan, Princess of Portugal* · Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara · Archduchess Ursula · Archduchess Helena · Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

6th Generation

Anna, Queen of Spain · Elisabeth, Queen of France · Archduchess Maria · Archduchess Maria · Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Hetherlands* · Archduchess Margaret · Catherine Michelle, Duchess of Savoy* · Archduchess Eleanor · Archduchess Maria* · Archduchess Martha · Archduchess Anna Eleanor · Archduchess Maria · Anna, Holy Roman Empress · Anna, Queen of Poland · Maria Christina, Princess of Transilvania · Archduchess Catherine Renata · Archduchess Elisabeth · Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana · Archduchess Eleanor · Margaret, Queen of Spain · Constance, Queen of Poland · Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

7th Generation

Archduchess Christine · Anna Maria, Queen of France* · Archduchess Maria · Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress* · Archduchess Anna Mauritia · Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria · Archduchess Margarita Francisca* · Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland · Archduchess Maria Eleanor · Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua · Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress

8th Generation

Archduchess Maria Margarita* · Archduchess Margarita Maria Catalina* · Archduchess Maria Eugenia* · Archduchess Isabella Maria Teresa* · Maria Anna, Queen of Spain · Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia* · Maria Theresa, Queen of France* · Archduchess Maria · Margaret Theresa, Holy Roman Empress* · Archduchess Theresia Maria Josepha · Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine · Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress · Maria Anna Josepha, Electress Palatine · Archduchess Maria Ambrosia de la Concepción* · Archduchess Maria Magdalena

9th Generation

Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria · Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia · Archduchess Anna Maria · Archduchess Maria Josepha · Archduchess Christina · Archduchess Maria Elisabeth · Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal · Archduchess Maria Theresia · Archduchess Maria Josepha · Archduchess Maria Magdalena · Archduchess Maria Margaretha

10th Generation

Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland · Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress · Maria Theresa · Maria Anna, Princess Charles Alexander of Lorraine · Archduchess Maria Amalia

11th Generation

Archduchess Maria Elisabeth** · Archduchess Maria Anna** · Archduchess Maria Carolina** · Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen** · Archduchess Maria Elisabeth** · Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma** · Archduchess Maria Carolina** · Archduchess Maria Johanna** · Archduchess Maria Josepha** · Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples** · Marie Antoinette, Queen of France**

12th Generation

Archduchess Maria Theresia · Archduchess Marie Christine · Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony** · Archduchess Maria Anna** · Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia*** · Archduchess Maria Josepha*** · Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria*** · Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria** · Archduchess Maria Amalia** · Archduchess Maria Antonia*** · Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria***

13th Generation

Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth · Marie Louise, Empress of the French · Archduchess Carolina Ferdinande** · Archduchess Maria Caroline · Archduchess Caroline Ludovika · Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil · Clementina, Princess of Salerno · Archduchess Maria Luisa** · Archduchess Alexandrine · Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia** · Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony · Archduchess Maria Anna · Archduchess Amalia Theresa · Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies · Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord*** · Archduchess Hermine · Archduchess Franziska · Archduchess Maria Caroline · Maria Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia · Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón*** · Archduchess Maria Caroline · Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska · Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians

14th Generation

Archduchess Maria Anna · Archduchess Maria Carolina** · Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria** · Archduchess Maria Maximiliana** · Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani** · Archduchess Maria Theresia** · Archduchess Maria Cristina** · Archduchess Maria Anna** · Maria Theresa, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg · Archduchess Mathilda · Maria Christina, Queen of Spain · Archduchess Maria Eleonora · Archduchess Elisabeth · Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans · Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis · Archduchess Elisabeth Henriette · Archduchess Klotilde · Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria***

15th Generation

Archduchess Sophie · Gisela, Princess Leopold of Bavaria · Archduchess Marie Valerie · Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg · Archduchess Maria Annunziata · Elisabeth, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein · Archduchess Maria Antonietta** · Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony** · Anna, Princess of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein** · Archduchess Margareta** · Archduchess Germana** · Archduchess Agnes** · Archduchess Maria Theresa** · Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha** · Archduchess Maria Antonietta** · Maria Immaculata, Duchess of Württemberg** · Archduchess Henriette** · Maria Christina, Princess Emmanuel of Salm-Salm · Maria Anna, Princess Elias of Bourbon Parma · Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst · Archduchess Natalie · Archduchess Stephanie · Archduchess Gabrielle · Isabella, Princess Georg of Bavaria · Alice, Baroness Waldbott of Bassenheim · Archduchess Eleonora, Mrs. Alfons von Kloss · Renata, Princess Hieronymus Radziwill · Mechthildis, Princess Olgierd Czartoryski · Archduchess Gisele · Archduchess Sophie · Archduchess Magdalena

16th Generation

Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz · Helena, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg** · Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg** · Archduchess Dolores** · Maria Inmaculada, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri** · Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio** · Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis Pérez** · Archduchess Assunta, Mrs. Joseph Hopfinger** · Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil** · Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg** · Gertrud, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg** · Archduchess Maria Elisabeth** · Archduchess Agnes** · Archduchess Margarethe, Mrs. Alexander Cech · Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg · Archduchess Anna Theresia · Archduchess Maria Kynga, Mrs. Joachim Krist

17th Generation

Archduchess Adelheid · Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg · Elisabeth, Princess Heinrich of Liechtenstein · Elisabeth, Edle Hubert von Braun** · Alice, Baroness Vittorio Manno** · Marie Antoinette, Baroness of Proff in Irnich** · Archduchess Marie Christine** · Archduchess Walburga, Mrs. Carlos Tasso** · Archduchess Verena** · Archduchess Katharina, Mrs. Roland Huber** · Agnes, Baroness Peter of Fürstenberg** · Maria Ileana, Countess Adam Kottulinski** · Alexandra, Baroness Viktor of Baillou** · Maria Magdalena, Baroness of Holzhausen** · Archduchess Elisabeth, Mrs. Friedrich Sandhofer** · Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein** · Archduchess Maria Margaretha** · Archduchess Ludovica** · Archduchess Allix** · Josepha, Countess Clemens of Waldstein-Wartenberg** · Valerie, Margravine of Baden** · Alberta, Baroness Alexander of Kottwitz-Erdödy** · Theresa, Princess Rasso of Bavaria** · Maria Inmakulata, Countess Reinhart of Hoensbroech** · Archduchess Monika, Mrs. Charles de Rambures · Archduchess Marie Christine, Mrs. Raymond van der Meide · Archduchess Maria, Mrs. Wilhelm de Witt · Margherita, Countess Benedikt of Piatti

18th Generation

Andrea, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg · Monika, Duchess of Maqueda · Michaela, Countess Hubertus of Kageneck · Archduchess Gabriela, Mrs. Christian Meister · Walburga, Countess Archibald Douglas · Maria Beatrix, Countess Riprand of Arco-Zinneberg*** · Isabella, Countess Andrea Czarnocki-Lucheschi*** · Maria del Pilar, Edle Vollrad-Joachim von Poschinger · Kinga, Baroness Wolfgang of Erffa · Archduchess Marie Adelheid, Mrs. Jaime Corcuerra · Archduchess Viridis, Mrs. Karl Dunning-Gribble · Archduchess Alexandra, Mrs. Héctor Riesle · Maria Constanza, Princess of Auersperg-Trautson · Maria Anna, Princess Peter Galitzine · Catharina, Countess Maximiliano Secco d'Aragona · Archduchess Elisabeth, Mrs. James Litchfield · Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Grätz · Archduhcess Marie Christine, Mrs. Clemens Guggenberg · Archduchess Marie Bernadette, Mrs. Rupert Wolff** · Archduchess Katharina, Mrs. Niall Brooks** · Archduchess Alicia** · Archduchess Maria Christina** · Archduchess Margaretha, Mrs. Andreas Baumgartner** · Archduchess Marie Valerie, Mrs. Martin Josef Wagner** · Archduchess Hedwig** · Archduchess Veronika** · Archduchess Johanna · Archduchess Elisabeth · Archduchess Celina · Archduchess Maria Floriana · Archduchess Sofía · Archduchess Anna Carolina · Archduchess Theresa · Archduchess Sophie · Archduchess Ladislaya

19th Generation

Archduchess Eleonore · Archduchess Gloria · Archduchess Sophie · Archduchess Hilda · Archduchess Maria Laura*** · Archduchess Luisa Maria*** · Archduchess Laetitia Maria*** · Archduchess Sophia · Archduchess Maria Theresa · Archduchess Margherite · Archduchess Priscilla · Archduchess Marie des Nieges · Marie Christine, Countess Rodolphe of Limburg-Stirum · Archduchess Gabriella · Archduchess Antonia · Archduchess Isabelle · Archduchess Carlotta · Archduchess Paulina · Archduchess Lara · Archduchess Tatyana** · Archduchess Anabella** · Archduchess Tara**

20th Generation

Archduchess Zita

• also an infanta of Spain
  • also a princess of Tuscany
    • also a princess of Modena

[edit] Recordings

   * Margarete - Maximilian I. Musik um 1500, Capilla Flamenca with La Caccia, Schola Cantorum Cantate Domino Aalst, Schola Gregoriana Lovaniensis, 1998, ORF Shop CD 265 (2 CDs).

* Dulcis Melancholia, Biographie musicale de Marguerite d'Autriche, Capilla Flamenca, 2005 (MEW 0525).
* Dame de Deuil. Musical Offerings for Marguerite of Austria, La Morra, 2005 (KTC 4011).
[edit] References

  1. ^ Gonkdo, Michal (2006). Dame de Deuil. Musical Offerings for Marguerite of Austria (1480-1530), 3. CD Booklet KTC 4011

2. ^ Triest, Monica (2000). Macht, vrouwen en politiek 1477-1558. Maria van Bourgondië, Margaretha van Oostenrijk, Maria van Hongarije. Leuven, Van Halewijck.
3. ^ Schreurs, Eugeen; Vendrix; Philippe (2005). The sweet melancholy of Margaret, translated by Celia Skrine, 11. CD Booklet MEW 0525.
4. ^ Kellman, Herbert (ed.) (1999). The Treasury of Petrus Alamire. Music and Art in Flemish Court Manustricpts 1500-1535. Leuven, Die Keure.
5. ^ Schreurs, Eugeen (1998). Margarete – Maximilian I, translated by Stratton Bull, 14. CD Booklet ORF CD 265.
This page was last modified on 22 May 2010 at 06:33

Archduchess Margaret of Austria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Margaret (Margaretha), Archduchess of Austria (10 January 1480 – 1 December 1530) was a Habsburg princess, the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Mary of Burgundy.

Early life

In 1483, she was betrothed to the Dauphin of France, later King Charles VIII of France, bringing with her a dowry of Franche-Comté and Artois, and was transferred to the guardianship of King Louis XI of France (see Treaty of Arras (1482)). After Charles renounced the treaty and married Anne, Duchess of Brittany, Margaret was returned to her father in 1493.

First Marriage

In 1497, she was married to Juan, Prince of Asturias, Infante of Spain (1478–1497), the son and heir of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. The marriage was part of a double alliance, also including her brother Philip the Handsome marrying Infanta Joanna. Juan of Asturias died after only six months. Juan left her pregnant, but she gave birth to a stillborn child. She returned to the Netherlands early in 1500.

[edit]Second Marriage

In 1501, she married Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (1480–1504), who died three years later. This marriage had been childless as well. After his death, she vowed never to marry again. Her court historian and poet Jean Lemaire de Belges gave her the title "Dame de deuil" (Lady of Mourning)[1].

[edit]Political Role

She was appointed for the first time as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (1507–1515) and guardian of her young nephew Charles (the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). Margaret acted as intermediary between her father and his subjects in the Netherlands, negotiated a treaty of commerce with England favorable to the Flemish cloth interests, and played a role in the formation of the League of Cambrai (1508). After his majority in 1515, Charles rebelled against her influence, but he soon recognized her as one of his wisest advisers, and she was again governor of the Netherlands (1519–30) intermittently until her death. In 1529, together with Louise of Savoy, she negotiated the Treaty of Cambrai, the so-called Ladies' Peace.

Her reign was a period of relative peace and prosperity for the Netherlands, although the Protestant Reformation started to take root, especially in the northern Netherlands. The first Protestant martyrs were burnt at the stake in 1524 and 1525. She had some difficulty in keeping Duke Charles of Guelders under control. She could make him sign the Treaty of Gorinchem in 1528, but the problem was not finally dealt with during her reign.

[edit]Patroness of the Arts

Margaret had received a fine education. She played several instruments, was well read and wrote poetry. Her court at Mechelen was visited by the great humanists of her time, including Erasmus[2]. She possessed a rich library, consisting mostly of missals, historical and ethical treatises (which the works of Christine de Pizan) and poetry. It included the famous illuminated Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry[3]. She ordered several splendid music manuscripts from Pierre Alamire[4] to send them as gifts to members and her family and to her political relations, and possessed several Chansonniers herself[5]. They contained works by Josquin Desprez, Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht and Pierre de la Rue, who was her favourite composer.

[edit]Death

She died at Mechelen, between Antwerp and Brussels, her main place of residence in the Netherlands, after appointing her nephew, Charles V, as her universal and sole heir. She is buried at Bourg-en-Bresse, [department of l'Ain, Rhone-Alpes] in the magnificent mausoleum that she ordered for her second husband (Philibert) and her. There is a statue of her next to the cathedral of Mechelen.

References

^ Gonkdo, Michal (2006). Dame de Deuil. Musical Offerings for Marguerite of Austria (1480-1530), 3. CD Booklet KTC 4011

^ Triest, Monica (2000). Macht, vrouwen en politiek 1477-1558. Maria van Bourgondië, Margaretha van Oostenrijk, Maria van Hongarije. Leuven, Van Halewijck.

^ Schreurs, Eugeen; Vendrix; Philippe (2005). The sweet melancholy of Margaret, translated by Celia Skrine, 11. CD Booklet MEW 0525.

^ Kellman, Herbert (ed.) (1999). The Treasury of Petrus Alamire. Music and Art in Flemish Court Manustricpts 1500-1535. Leuven, Die Keure.

^ Schreurs, Eugeen (1998). Margarete – Maximilian I, translated by Stratton Bull, 14. CD Booklet ORF CD 265.

Margaret (Margaretha), Archduchess of Austria (10 January 1480 – 1 December 1530) was a Habsburg princess, the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Mary of Burgundy.

Early life

In 1483, she was betrothed to the Dauphin of France, later King Charles VIII of France, bringing with her a dowry of Franche-Comté and Artois, and was transferred to the guardianship of King Louis XI of France (see Treaty of Arras (1482)). After Charles renounced the treaty and married Anne, Duchess of Brittany, Margaret was returned to her father in 1493.

Marriages

First Marriage

In 1497, she was married to Juan, Prince of Asturias, Infante of Spain (1478–1497), the son and heir of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. The marriage was part of a double alliance, also including her brother Philip the Handsome marrying Infanta Joan. Juan of Asturias died after only six months. Juan left her pregnant, but she gave birth to a stillborn child. She returned to the Netherlands early in 1500.

Second Marriage

In 1501, she married Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (1480–1504), who died three years later. This marriage had been childless as well. After his death, she vowed never to marry again. Her court historian and poet Jean Lemaire de Belges gave her the title "Dame de deuil" (Lady of Mourning).

Political Role

She was appointed for the first time as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (1507–1515) and guardian of her young nephew Charles (the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). Margaret acted as intermediary between her father and his subjects in the Netherlands, negotiated a treaty of commerce with England favorable to the Flemish cloth interests, and played a role in the formation of the League of Cambrai (1508). After his majority in 1515, Charles rebelled against her influence, but he soon recognized her as one of his wisest advisers, and she was again governor of the Netherlands (1519–30) intermittently until her death. In 1529, together with Louise of Savoy, she negotiated the Treaty of Cambrai, the so-called Ladies' Peace.

Her reign was a period of relative peace and prosperity for the Netherlands, although the Protestant Reformation started to take root, especially in the northern Netherlands. The first Protestant martyrs were burnt at the stake in 1524 and 1525. She had some difficulty in keeping Duke Charles of Guelders under control. She could make him sign the Treaty of Gorinchem in 1528, but the problem was not finally dealt with during her reign.

Patroness of the Arts

Margaret had received a fine education. She played several instruments, was well read and wrote poetry. Her court at Mechelen was visited by the great humanists of her time, including Erasmus. She possessed a rich library, consisting mostly of missals, historical and ethical treatises (which the works of Christine de Pizan) and poetry. It included the famous illuminated Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry. She ordered several splendid music manuscripts from Pierre Alamire to send them as gifts to members and her family and to her political relations, and possessed several Chansonniers herself. They contained works by Josquin Desprez, Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht and Pierre de la Rue, who was her favourite composer.

Death

She died at Mechelen, between Antwerp and Brussels, her main place of residence in the Netherlands, after appointing her nephew, Charles V, as her universal and sole heir. She is buried at Bourg-en-Bresse, [department of l'Ain, Rhone-Alpes] in the magnificent mausoleum that she ordered for her second husband (Philibert) and her. There is a statue of her next to the cathedral of Mechelen.