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Historical records matching Philip Ludwell, Colonial Governor of Carolina
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About Philip Ludwell, Colonial Governor of Carolina
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Ludwell
Governor of Carolina
In office
1691–1694
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24th Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses
In office
1695–1696
Preceded by Thomas Milner
Succeeded by Robert Carter
Born 1637/38
Bruton, Somerset, England
Died c. 1716
London
Spouse(s) Lucy Higginson
Lady Frances Berkeley
Children Philip Ludwell, Jr.
Residence James City County, Virginia
Philip Ludwell (1637/38–c. 1716) of Richneck Plantation in James City County, Virginia is best known for being governor of the British Colony of Carolina from 1691–94. From a base in the coastal port city of Charleston, he was governor of the entire Colony of Carolina. (the northern and southern settlements were under a common government from 1691 until 1708.
Colonel Ludwell and his brother Thomas Ludwell, were both prominent citizens of Middle Plantation (which later became Williamsburg) in the Colony of Virginia. In 1676, he supported Virginia Governor William Berkeley during Bacon's Rebellion. Later, Ludwell married Berkeley's widow, Frances Culpeper Berkeley of Green Spring Plantation, her third marriage. Despite her remarriage, she never relinguished her title as Lady Berkeley until she died in the 1690s and was buried at Jamestown.
After serving in the Colony of Carolina, Colonel Ludwell returned to Virginia, where he served as Speaker of the House of Burgesses in 1695–96. Around 1700 he moved to England, where he died.
http://www.carolana.com/Carolina/Governors/pludwell.html
Philip Ludwell
Governor of Carolina Province 1691 to 1693
(the first to hold this office)
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Philip Ludwell 1638-1716 - born in James City, VA.
Colonel Philip Ludwell, brother of Thomas Ludwell, lived at Richneck, in James City County, near Middle Plantation. He came to Virginia about 1664 and soon rose to prominence, becoming one of the Green Spring faction of Berkeleyites. His intimacy with the governor appears from the fact that he married (as her third husband) Berkeley's widow, Lady Frances, who had abetted her husband, the governor, against the English commissioners in 1677.
Ludwell was of a hot temper, "rash and fiery," and was excluded from the council in 1679. He became governor of Carolina, 1691-1693, returned to England afterward, and died there in relative obscurity during 1716.
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In 1689 Albemarle County as a unit of government ceased to exist, although the name continued intermittently in use for at least another ten years. Government of Carolina "North and East of Cape Feare" was established, with Philip Ludwell as Governor.
In 1691, the Lords Proprietors appointed him governor of all Carolina, headquartered at Charles Town, with a deputy governor for the northern part of the colony - the beginning of the division of the province into North and South Carolina, though not so called at this time. Thomas Jarvis was the first deputy governor.
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Philip Ludwell, was an energetic and honest man. By the exercise of wisdom and justice, he soon restored order and good feeling in the colony. He was succeeded by other honorable men, among them the good John Archdale, a member of the Society of Friends, who came in 1695 as governor of the two colonies. His administration was a blessing. The people of North Carolina, over whom he ruled, were almost as free in their opinions and actions, as the air they breathed.
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About the same time Philip Ludwell, a gentleman from Virginia, being appointed governor of Carolina, arrived in the province. Sir Nathaniel Johnson, who had been general of the Leeward Islands in the reign of King James, being created a Cassique of Carolina, after the Revolution retired to that country, and took his seat as a member of the council. The Proprietors having found the fundamental constitutions disagreeable to the people, and ineffectual for the purposes of government, repealed all their former laws and regulations, excepting those called Agrarian Laws, and sent out a new plan of government to Mr. Ludwell, consisting of forty-three articles of instruction, for the better management of their colony.
The inhabitants, who had been long in a confused and turbulent state, were enjoined to obedience and submission. Liberty was granted to the representatives of the people to frame such laws as they judged necessary to the public welfare and tranquillity, which were to continue in force for two years, but no longer, unless they were in the meantime ratified and confirmed by the Palatine and three more Proprietors.
Lands for the Cassiques and Landgraves were ordered to be marked out in square plats, and freedom was granted them to choose their situation. Hitherto the planters remained utter strangers to the value and fertility of the low lands, the swamps were therefore carefully avoided, and large tracts of the higher lands, which were esteemed more precious, were surveyed, and marked out for estates by the provincial nobility.
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During the early period of its existence Albemarle was administered by governors and presidents who were independent of those on Ashley River (in South Carolina). Not until the appointment of Philip Ludwell, in 1691, was the executive power in all the "counties," or really in the two provinces, united into one.
For the preceding two years, Ludwell had been governor of Albemarle, but of his administration there is nothing known. Under Ludwell and his successors, until 1712, the northern settlements were administered by deputy governors, who, with one exception, were the immediate appointees of the governors resident at Charles Town.
At the beginning of that period the two parts of the province began to be known respectively as North and South Carolina.
Alexander Lillington and Thomas Harvey were the two deputy governors under Ludwell and Archdale.
On the death of Harvey, in 1699, Henderson Walker was president of the council. By virtue of that office he became acting governor, and continued such till his death in 1704.
The appointment of deputies was then resumed, and continued until 1712. Then Colonel Thomas Pollock was elected president, and brought the province to the close of the Tuscarora war. Pollock was again president for a brief time in 1722. But, with that exception, North Carolina had distinct governors of its own after 1713.
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Philip Ludwell, Governor of Albemarle from 1689 to 1691, attempted to absorb the native Indians into the English culture. He offered them land for the marriage by a white man to an Indian woman to increase the colony's population and to improve relations between the two cultures.
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When Sir William Berkeley died in London in the summer of 1677, Lady Berkeley inherited all his estates and became the wealthiest person in all the Southern colonies. She was mistress of the Greenspring estate; she owned great tracts of land in northern Virginia and the Albemarle (North Carolina) settlements, and she was now one of the eight Proprietors of the Carolinas.
Her brother, Alexander Culpeper, an onhanger of the court of King Charles II, drew a large income from the sales of lands in America, and her cousin, Lord Thomas Culpeper, was soon to assume the overlordship of Virginia.
Meanwhile, Virginia Governor Herbert Jeffries, with mandates from King Charles II, was trying to restore harmony among the terrorized Virginians. He was ignored and denounced by Lady Berkeley, and the majority of the council, led by Philip Ludwell, treated the new governor so badly that he took up his residence with Thomas Swann, a southside opponent of the emerging north-central Virginia aristocracy.
Lady Berkeley assumed a leadership of the Virginia gentry which was hardly less effective than the governorship itself. For a period of three years she exercised an influence with the council and the burgesses. Although in 1680 she married Philip Ludwell, a third wealthy husband and president of the council, she remained "Lady Berkeley." Her Ladyship was well known at Whitehall, and in 1691, she and her third husband became governors of the emerging aristocracy in South Carolina.
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On December 28, 1689, Edward Athy, aged 14, was sent to be an apprentice to Philip Ludwell.
In December of 1690, there is a report on a petition that John Totton was suing Philip Ludwell.
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The southern settlement, Charles Town, which became known as Charleston, was the principal seat of government for the entire Province, though due to their remoteness from each other had operated more or less independently until 1691 with the appointment of Philip Ludwell as governor of both areas. From that time until 1708, the northern and southern settlements were under common government.
The north continued to have its own assembly and council, the Governor resided in Charles Town and appointed a Deputy Governor for the north. During this period, the two began to become known as North Carolina and South Carolina.
Bruton Parish in Williamsburg, Virginia was named in honor of Thomas and Philip Ludwell from Bruton, England, who moved to Virginia and lived near Williamsburg, and were liberal contributors to the building of the first church on the site.
References
- Edward W. Greenfield. “Some New Aspects of the Life of Daniel Parke.” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 54, no. 4 (1946): 306–15. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4245434.
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Хронология Philip Ludwell, Colonial Governor of Carolina
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1638
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Bruton, Somerset, England
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1670
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Fairfield, Gloucester County, Virginia Colony, British Colonial America
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4 февраля 1671
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Carters Creek, Gloucester County, Virginia Colony
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1716
Возраст 78
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Stratford le Bow, Middlesex, England
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USA
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Gloucester County, Virginia and England
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