Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony

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Clemens Wenzeslaus August Hubertus Franz Xaver von Sachsen (1739-1812), een zoon van de Poolse koning en Saksisch keurvorst, was de laatste keurvorst van Trier. Zijn katholieke vader had voor drie van zijn kinderen een kerkelijkeloopbaan uitgestippeld die hen aan de regering van drie vorstendommen in het Heilige Roomse Rijk bracht. Clemens verloor zijn regeringsmacht over zijn keurvorstendom en de 280.000 inwoners in tweefasen. Tussen 1794 en 1801 gingen de bezittingen op de linker Rijnoever verloren aan Frankrijk. In 1803 werden de overgebleven gebieden geseculariseerd en aan Nassau-Weilburg gegeven. Ook zijn aartsbisdom werd opgeheven. Ook zijn zuster, Maria Cunigunde van Saksen die de meeste tijd niet doorbracht in haar vorstendommen, de abdijen Thorn en Essen waarvan zij de prinses-abdis was, maar bij haar broer in Trier verbleef, verloor haar bezittingen. Zij trokken zich terug aan de hoven van hun familieleden in Dresden. De Beierse keurvorst, later koning Maximiliaan I Jozef van Beieren was een trouw bondgenoot van de Fransen en het was Napoleon die van Beieren, en ook Saksen, een koninkrijk maakte. De Beierse neef ontving zijn afgezette oom met open armen en gaf hem een pensioen. Clemens kreeg zelfs een lijfwacht. Clemens August wordt beschreven als een groot bewonderaar van Napoleon I. Clemens August was een mecenas die kunstenaars aan zijn hof verbond. Hij benoemde Franz Joseph Noortwyck tot zijn hofminiaturist. Ook een derde zuster, Maria Christina van Saksen, was een vorstin. Zij was de prinses-abdis van Remiremont. Aan Clemens Wenceslaus van Saksen zou de vinding van het “Kalte Ende” - het latere “Cold Duck” - toegedicht worden.

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Clemens Wenceslaus van Polen 3 8 MAR 2019 Aggiunto grazie a una Person Discovery

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https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens_Wenzeslaus_von_Sachsen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens_Wenceslaus_of_Saxony

Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony (German: Clemens Wenzeslaus August Hubertus Franz Xaver von Sachsen) (28 September 1739 – 27 July 1812) was a Saxon prince from the House of Wettin and the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1768 until 1803, the Prince-Bishop of Freising from 1763 until 1768, the Prince-Bishop of Regensburg from 1763 until 1769, and the Prince-Bishop of Augsburg from 1768 until 1812.

Biography

Clemens Wenceslaus was the ninth child of the Prince-Elector Augustus III of Saxony, who was also the King of Poland. In 1760 he went to Vienna and entered the Austrian army as a field marshal. He was present at the Battle of Torgau (3 November 1760), but he decided that warfare was not for him and instead entered the church. On 18 and 27 April 1763 he was elected the Bishops of Freising and Regensburg, respectively, but he abandoned these dioceses for the Archbishopric-Electorate of Trier and the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg in February and August 1768, respectively, where he already functioned as coadjutor since 1764.

As Archbishop-Elector, Clemens Wenceslaus greatly improved public education, established several not-for-proft organisations for general education and prosperity, and in 1783 raised an edict of tolerance. He took a mixed view in spiritual affairs. He allowed the Jesuits to remain in Trier after abolishing their order, protested the radical reforms of his cousin, the Emperor Joseph II, and banned several processions and holidays. Although a modest person who lived simply, he rebuilt Ehrenbreitstein into a magnificent palace and dwelt there. He established the theatre in Coblenz and encouraged music in the archdiocese. Clemens Wenceslaus enjoyed hunting and established a hunting lodge at Kärlich, though he was opposed to several inhumane ways of hunting.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution at the end of the 18th Century, Clemens Wenceslaus became worried. He ceased all reforms and began to rule strictly. He offered refuge to members of the French royal family (King Louis XVI was his nephew) in Schönbornslust palace, and allowed Coblenz to become a centre of French monarchism. He and the archbishopric-electorate were greatly affected by the success of the French revolutionary forces, and at the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801 he lost all lands of the electorate west of the River Rhine, retaining only a few small territories pertaining to Trier itself. In 1803 he lost those as well, along with the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg and the Prince-Provostry of Ellwangen Abbey, which were secularized and annexed by the princes of Nassau-Weilburg, the Elector of Bavaria, and the Duke of Württemberg, respectively. Clemens Wenceslaus received a pension of 100,000 guldens and retired to Augsburg, dying in the episcopal summer residence in Marktoberdorf in Allgäu in 1812. He was buried there.

His grandniece Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria was named after him. Archduchess Maria Clementina was a daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. Maria Luisa was his niece by his sister Maria Amalia of Saxony.