Raphael Ḥayyim Isaac Carregal

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CARREGAL(Caregal, Carigal, Carrigal, Karigal, Karigel, Karigol, Kargol, Kragol), RAPHAEL ḤAYYIM ISAAC:

By: Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George Alexander Kohut Raphael Ḥayyim Isaac Carregal.(From a portrait in the possession of Rev. J. L. Jenkins.) Itinerant rabbi and preacher; born in Hebron, Palestine, Oct. 15, 1733; died at Barbados, West Indies, May 5, 1777. He was ordained rabbi at the age of seventeen, and in 1754 set out on a series of voyages, usually remaining a brief time in the places he visited; e.g., two years in Constantinople (1754-56); two years in Curaçoa, West Indies (1761-63); four years in Hebron (1764-1768); two and one-half years in London (1768-71);one year in Jamaica, West Indies (1771-72); and one year in the British colonies of North America (1772-1773). In 1773 (July 21) he sailed for Surinam, and in 1775 he was at Barbados. In London, according to his own statement, he was teacher at the Bet ha-Midrash, earning a salary of £100 sterling ($500) per annum. At Curaçao he appears to have held the office of rabbi, though no record of his incumbency is to be found in local annals. He spent some time in New York and Philadelphia, and sojourned in Newport, R. I. (March-July, 1773), as the guest of the community. Though nowise connected with the congregation, he often officiated at divine service.

While in Newport Carregal became an intimate friend of Ezra Stiles, afterward president of Yale College, New Haven, Conn. They studied together, discussing the exegesis and interpretation of Messianic passages in the Bible, and corresponded, mostly in Hebrew. The letters still exist among the unpublished Stiles papers in the library of Yale University. Stiles, in his diary, recently published, speaks lovingly and admiringly of his Jewish friend; gives a long account of his dress, manner, and personality; and, in a series of entries occupying many pages of his day-book, draws up a complete memoir of his career in Newport.

Carregal appears to have written only two brochures (both sermons), published in Newport in 1773.

Bibliography: Abiel Holmes, Life of Ezra Stiles, pp. 168 et seq., Boston, 1798; Hannah Adams, History of the Jews, London ed., 1818, pp. 461-463; Publications of the Am. Jew. Hist. Soc. No. 3, pp. 122-125; No. 6, p. 79; No. 8, pp. 119-126; The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, edited by F. B. Dexter, i. 354, 357-358, 362-363, 376-377, 394-396 et passim, New York, 1901; G. A. Kohut, Ezra Stiles and the Jews, Index, s.v., pp. 145-146 (where all the passages are quoted), New York, 1902.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Hayyim_Isaac_Carregal

While in Newport, Carregal became an intimate friend of Ezra Stiles, afterward president of Yale College. They studied together, discussing the exegesis and interpretation of Messianic passages in the Bible, and corresponded, mostly in Hebrew. The letters still exist among the unpublished Stiles papers in the library of Yale University. Stiles also took advantage of the opportunity to improve his basic skills in the Hebrew language, feeling (as did many scholars of divinity in the period) that this was advantageous for study of the ancient Biblical texts in their original language. Stiles, in his diary, speaks lovingly and admiringly of his Jewish friend; gives a long account of his dress, manner, and personality; and, in a series of entries occupying many pages, draws up a complete memoir of his career in Newport. Stiles commissioned a portrait of Carigal by artist Samuel King for Yale.

Stiles describes Carigal at the March, 1773 Purim service at the Newport synagogue as:

"dressed in a red garment with the usual Phylacteries and habiliments, the white silk Surplice; he wore a high fur cap, had a long beard. He has the appearance of an ingenious and sensible man" and at the Passover services the next month as wearing:

" "a high Fur Cap, exactly like a Womans Muff, and about 9 or 10 Inches high, the Aperture atop was closed with green cloth", and singing in a "fine and melodious" voice. Thus impressed by Carigal, Stiles invited him and Aaron Lopez, a respected local Jewish merchant, to his home on March 30, 1773. The two immediately hit it off; according to Stiles' records they met 28 times before Carigal's departure six months later, to discuss a wide variety of topics ranging from the politics of the Holy Land to the mysticism of the Kabbalah. Carigal also tutored Stiles in the Hebrew language, to the point that they were to correspond extensively in Hebrew after Carigal's departure.

Carregal appears to have written only two brochures (both sermons), published in Newport in 1773. The published sermons are the first Jewish sermons published in the United States.

Notes

Also spelt: Carigal, Carrigal, Karigal, Karigel, Karigol, Kargol, Kragol.