Reinoud von Kleve van Valkenburg, Seigneur de Montjoie

Medlands

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Reinoud (ook Reinald) van Valkenburg, 1283 - Monschau, 15 juli 1333) was a medieval knight from the noble House of Valkenburg-Heinsberg . He was, among other things, lord of Valkenburg and Monschau - Bütgenbach and bailiff of Aachen . His reign was characterized by a long series of armed conflicts and the gradual takeover by Brabant in the land of Valkenburg.

Reinoud was born as the second son of Walram (de rosse) van Valkenburg and Filippa van Gelre. He was probably named after his mother's brother, Reinoud I van Gelre .

After the death of Walram de Rosse in 1302, his possessions were divided among his four children. The eldest son, Dirk III , received the land from Valkenburg , while Reinoud received the smaller Monschau ( Montjoie ). However, Dirk died three years after his father on July 16, 1305, unmarried and without progeny, so that Reinoud also became lord of Valkenburg.

A speech of honor by Reinoud has been included in the impressive series of the book of arms in Gelre . Speeches of honor are short poems in which the herald gives an overview of the honorable feats of arms during the life of a knight with an image of his weapon. Some others in this series are Willem III of Holland and Willem II van Gulik.

Marriage and descendants

Reinoud married Maria van Boutershem (ca 1287 - after 1325) in 1303, daughter of Hendrik V van Boutershem and Maria de Hemricourt. Reinoud and Maria reportedly had nine children.

Walram II van Valkenburg (c.1307 - 1329), single

Thierry IV de Valkenburg (circa 1310 - 1346), lord of Fauquemont and Montjoie, married to Machteld van Voorne (1300? - 1372)

Jean de Valkenburg (c. 1313 - 1352), lord of Fauquemont and Montjoie, married to Johanna van Voorne (1325 - 1349), lady of Bergen op Zoom, then to Marina van Herpen

Fillippa (around 1315 -?), Married in 1352 with Henri de Flandre

Beatrix van Valkenburg (around 1316-1354), married with Thierry III de Brederode (around 1315-1377)

Maria (ca 1317 -?), Married in 1326 with Everhard van Tomberg

Margaretha (c. 1318 - before 1364), married in 1334 to Hartrad von Schönecken, in 1346 to Burchard von Vinstingen

Elisabeth (c. 1320), nun at the Reichenstein monastery

Reinier (ca 1322 - 1342), single, appointed commander of the commandery of Sint-Pieters-Voeren for the Teutonic Order

Conflicts with Aachen and Cologne

As soon as Reinoud was Lord of Fauquemont, he followed in the footsteps of his father and his brother and in 1305 acquired the citizenship of the city of Cologne and the shared back office (Schultheiss) and the subordination of the city of Aix -la-Chapelle (for a sum of 400 marks in 1306). Reinoud shared the lucrative post of bailiff in Aix-la-Chapelle with Gérard VII de Juliers . Together, they appointed a deputy (villicus), who ensured the day-to-day management and who had the task of collecting taxes. In 1310, this led to a conflict with the citizens of Aachen. The Aachen then plundered the Abbey Kornelimünster because they suspected the abbot Arnold I stvan Molenark for siding with the Lords of Fauquemont and Juliers. The abbot then turned to King Henry VII, who had an investigation carried out by the Archbishop of Cologne and the Duke of Brabant, who subsequently found the citizens of Aix-la-Chapelle in error. The villicus was maintained and Reinoud received an annual amount of 300 marks, which could be redeemed by the payment of a single sum of 3000 marks.

The 14 November 1310, a peace treaty is signed between Reinoud and the city of Aix-la-Chapelle. The same year, Reinoud confirmed the freedoms of the city of Sittard.

In 1311, a difference of opinion with Archbishop Henry II of Virneburg of Cologne led to an armed conflict near Euskirchen, in which the people of Fauquemont were defeated. The23 February 1313, Reinoud entered into a 12-year alliance with the Archbishop of Cologne. InDecember 1313, Reinoud supports the prince-bishop Adolphe de La Marck in his fight against the rebel families of Liège ( war of Awans and Waroux ).

The 25 November 1314, King Louis of Bavaria is crowned in Aix-la-Chapelle, against Reinoud's will and with the support of Gérard de Juliers. InMarch 1315, the latter is offered the position of brother-in-law in Aachen as a thank you, a position he had previously shared with Reinoud. Reinoud then entered the land of Juliers, was imprisoned in Nideggen Castle and could not return home until he had paid a high ransom. The loss of the bailiff of Aix-la-Chapelle meant a significant financial loss, leading to an increase in taxes and tolls on the lands of Fauquemont 6 , 7 .

War against Maastricht and Brabant

Around the same time, Reinoud was also able to upset the inhabitants of Maastricht, in particular by exorbitant tolls, which were detrimental to the commerce of the city of Maastricht. The skippers on the Meuse were particularly upset by the Château de Borgharen, owned by the Valkenburgs. The inhabitants of Maastricht complained to the Prince-Bishop of Liège and the Duke of Brabant, their two lords. In June 1318, John III of Brabant, aged 18, supported by Prince Bishop Adolphe de La Marck , invaded the country of Fauquemont with a large army. Adolphe succeeded in conquering Borgharen Castle through a trick, while John III conquered both Heerlen and Sittard in a short time, two possessions of Valkenburg (see Siege of Sittard of 1318 ). Reinoud was forced to conclude an armistice, which however cost him the two towns, Sittard and Heerlen.

After a few years of relative peace, the controversy resumed in 1322, after which Reinoud went into voluntary exile in Louvain from June 1323to November 1325 under pressure from Brabant. His release only took place after the mediation of Count Jean l'Aveugle of Luxembourg, Count William III of Holland and Hainaut and Prince Bishop Adolphe de la Marck, and after signing a set of strict conditions. But Reinoud simply ignored the terms of this negotiation and the fight resumed two years later. This time, Reinoud could count on the military support of Jean l'Aveugle of Luxembourg, who was also King of Bohemia. With his help, Reinoud achieved important victories inJune 1327, but the July 4, 1327, a decisive battle took place in the hamlet of IJzeren. In this battle, the people of Maastricht, supported by the Brabant troops, won a great victory. The Battle of IJzeren would be commemorated during the following centuries, the4th July, in St. Servais Church in Maastricht as the feast of the Triumphus Traiectensis ("Victory of Maastricht").

The fact that the people of Valkenburg were by no means defeated is evident from the fact that the Duke of Brabant besieged Fauquemont Castle in August 1327, during which the city itself was inundated by a dam on the Gueule. It was only after nine weeks that the siege ended and peace negotiations began 8 , 9 .

Last year reign Reinoud found himself more and more alone. TheApril 22, 1328, his own brother, Jean de Valkenburg, lord of Born and Susteren, attacked the castle of Fauquemont and demolished some walls and towers. The result was swift: no more raids by the people of Fauquemont in the surrounding lands.

During a tournament in Cologne, Reinoud was almost killed by a brother of the Duke of Brabant, helped by some of his own people. Reinoud responded, among other things, by hanging the Lord of Pietersheim (nl) . InMarch 1329, John III of Brabant besieged the castle of Fauquemont again. Because Reinoud was in Montjoie at that time, he had entrusted the defense of the Place de Fauquemont to his eldest son Walram. For eleven weeks, the city managed to resist the Brabantois. After Walram's death, surrender followed theMay 11, 1329, then the fortifications of the city and those of the castle were seriously dismantled. An act ofApril 14, 1330shows that Reinoud is no longer in possession of Fauquemont and that Arnold van Hulsberg is the keeper at that time 10 .

In 1331, Reinoud stayed in Italy with Jean L'Aveugle from Luxembourg. A year later, with the support of the same Jean L'Aveugle and, among others, of Philip VI of Valois and the Emperor Louis of Bavaria , he tried to recover his possessions in Fauquemont, but without success.

According to tradition, Reinoud died while defending his castle of Montjoie against the Brabant troops in 1333. He would have been hit by an arrow while removing his helmet.

Inheritance

The memory book of the monastery of Wenau ( District of Düren ) mentions as the date of his death theJuly 15th, probably the July 15, 1333. The Liège columnist xiv th century Jacques de Hemricourt 11 described Reinoud as the bravest knight of his time 12 .

The German historian Severin Corsten (de) 13 wrote about Reinoud van Valkenburg in 1953: “ In Reinald, the misery of the little prince as we encountered it at the end of the Middle Ages is embodied: constantly in need of money, rejected by the great princes, by the bourgeois the disputed taxes " 14 .

The Reinaldstraat in the city center of Fauquemont-sur-Gueule bears the name of Reinoud (Reinald) van Valkenburg

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinoud_van_Valkenburg