http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank

Barnett "Barney" Frank (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts from 1981 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2007–2011) and was a leading co-sponsor of the 2010 Dodd–Frank Act, a sweeping reform of the U.S. financial industry. Frank, a resident of Newton, Massachusetts, is considered the most prominent gay politician in the United States.[1] Born and raised in Bayonne, New Jersey, Frank graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He worked as a political aide before winning election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1972. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980 with 52 percent of the vote. He has been re-elected every year since by wide margins. In 1987, he came out as gay, becoming the first member of Congress to do so voluntarily. From 2003 until his retirement, Frank was the leading Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee, and he served as committee chairman when his party held a House majority from 2007 to 2011. In July 2012, he married his long-time partner, James Ready, becoming the first member of Congress to marry someone of the same sex while in office.[2] Frank did not seek re-election in 2012, and retired from Congress at the end of his term in January 2013.[3] However, Frank had expressed interest in serving temporarily in the United States Senate after John Kerry had been confirmed as Secretary of State but was ultimately passed over for Mo Cowan.[4] Contents [show] Early life, education, and early career

Frank was born Barnett Frank[5] in Bayonne, New Jersey, one of four children of Elsie (née Golush) and Samuel Frank. His family was Jewish, and his grandparents had immigrated from Poland and Russia.[6] Frank’s father ran a Jersey City truck stop—a place Frank has described as “totally corrupt”—and when Frank was 6 or 7, served a year in prison for refusing to testify to a grand jury against Frank’s uncle.[7] Frank was educated at Harvard College, where he resided in Matthews Hall his first year and then in Kirkland House and Winthrop House, graduating in 1962. Frank’s undergraduate studies were interrupted by the death of his father, and Frank took a year off to help resolve the family’s affairs prior to his graduation.[7] In 1964, he was a volunteer in Mississippi during Freedom Summer.[8] He taught undergraduates at Harvard while studying for a PhD in Government, but left in 1968 before having completed the degree, to become Boston mayor Kevin White’s Chief Assistant, a position he held for three years. He then served for a year as Administrative Assistant to Congressman Michael J. Harrington. Frank later graduated from Harvard Law School, in 1977, where he was once a student of Henry Kissinger,[9] while serving as Massachusetts State Representative. Pre-congressional career

In 1972, Frank was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives where he served for eight years. He made a name for himself in the mid-1970s as a political defender of the Combat Zone, Boston’s notorious red light district. Neighborhoods in Frank’s district bordered the Combat Zone. As a means of dealing with crime in the area (including violence, police corruption and the infiltration by organized crime), he introduced a bill into the Massachusetts General Court that would have legalized the sex-for-hire business but kept it quarantined in a red light district, which would have been moved to Boston’s Financial District.[10][11] The bill, which had the support of Boston’s Police Commissioner, never came up for a vote. Later, when Frank was running for Congress, opponents erroneously portrayed him as having attempted to permit red-light districts in all Bay State communities. In 1979, Frank was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts. While in state and local government, he taught, part-time, at the University of Massachusetts Boston, the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, and at Boston University. He published numerous articles on politics and public affairs; in 1992, he published Speaking Frankly, an essay on the role the Democratic Party should play in the 1990s. U.S. House of Representatives

1981, Congressional Pictorial Directory – Frank’s first term as Congressman Elections In 1980, Frank ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 4th congressional district, hoping to succeed Father Robert Drinan, who had left Congress, following a call by Pope John Paul II for priests to withdraw from political positions. In the Democratic primary held on September 16, 1980, Frank won 52% of the vote in a four-candidate field.[12][13] As the Democratic nominee, he faced Republican Richard A. Jones in the general election and won narrowly, 52%–48%.[14][15] For his first term, Frank represented a district in the western and southern suburbs of Boston, anchored by Brookline and his hometown of Newton. However, in 1982, redistricting forced him to run against Republican Margaret Heckler, who represented a district centered on the South Coast, including Fall River and New Bedford. Although the newly configured district retained Frank’s district number—the 4th—it was geographically more Heckler's district. Frank focused on Heckler's initial support for President Ronald Reagan's tax cuts, and won with 60% of the vote.[16] Frank did not face another serious race again for a quarter-century.[17][18] From 1984 to 2008, he won re-election 12 times with at least 67% of the vote.[19] In 2010, Frank ran for his 16th term. Public opinion polling showed him facing his first credible challenge since defeating Heckler in 1982. His opponent was Republican Sean Bielat, a U.S. Marine veteran and businessman.[20] In mid-September, an internal poll showed Frank leading 48%–38%.[21] In late October, he loaned his campaign $200,000.[22] In early October, the Cook Political Report changed its assessment of the district from “solid Democratic” to “likely Democratic”—meaning that while Frank was favored, a victory by Bielat could not be entirely ruled out. While Frank had a 3-to-1 advantage in terms of cash on hand, Bielat outraised him in September.[23] On October 25, a Boston Globe survey showed Frank leading 46%–33%.[24] Bielat released a TV ad showing Frank dancing under a disco ball, with the message that he was "dancing around the issues."[25] Frank won re-election to his 16th term, 54%–43%.[26] On November 28, 2011, Frank announced at a news conference that he would not seek re-election in 2012. Tenure Scandal In 1985 Frank was still closeted. That year he hired Steve Gobie, a male prostitute, for sex, and they became "more friends than sexual partners."[27] Frank housed Gobie and hired him with personal funds as an aide, housekeeper and driver and paid for his attorney and court-ordered psychiatrist.[27] In 1987, Frank kicked Gobie out after being advised by his landlord that Gobie kept escorting despite the support and was doing so in the residence.[27][28] Later that year, Gobie's friends convinced him they had a gay male version of Mayflower Madam, a TV movie they had been watching.[27] In 1989, Gobie tried to initiate a bidding war for the story between WUSA-TV (Channel 9), the Washington Times, and The Washington Post.[27] He then gave the story to The Washington Times for nothing, in hopes of getting a book contract.[28] Amid calls for an investigation, Frank asked the House Ethics Committee to investigate his relationship "in order to ensure that the public record is clear."[29] The Committee found no evidence that Frank had known of or been involved in the alleged illegal activity and dismissed all Gobie's more scandalous claims; they recommended a reprimand for Frank using his congressional office to fix 33 of Gobie's parking tickets and for misstatements of fact in a memorandum relating to Gobie's criminal probation record.[30] The House voted 408–18 to reprimand Frank.[31][32] The attempts to censure and expel Frank were led by Republican Larry Craig (whom Frank later criticized for hypocrisy[33] after Craig's own arrest in 2007 for lewd conduct while soliciting gay sex in an airport bathroom).[34][35][36] Despite the controversy, Frank won re-election in 1990 with 66 percent of the vote, and has won by larger margins until the 2010 Mid-term elections when Frank won by eleven points.[37] Public image Frank is known for his quick wit and rapid-fire speaking style.[38] In one famous quip, he said he was unable to complete his review of the Starr Report detailing President Bill Clinton's relationship with Monica Lewinsky, complaining that it was "too much reading about heterosexual sex".[39] In 2004 and again in 2006, a survey of Capitol Hill staffers published in Washingtonian gave Frank the title of the "brainiest", "funniest", and "most eloquent" member of the House.[40] In 2008, the same survey named him "brainiest", and runner up for "workhorse", and "most eloquent";[41] in 2010, he was named "brainiest", "workhorse", and "funniest".[42] He is also widely considered to have been, during his tenure, one of the most powerful members of Congress.[43][44][45] Democratic speech writer Josh Gottheimer, in his book Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches, describes Frank as "one of the brightest and most energetic defenders of civil rights issues."[46] Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Frank was criticized by conservative organizations for campaign contributions totaling $42,350 between 1989 and 2008. Bill Sammon, the Washington managing editor for Fox News Channel, claimed the donations from Fannie and Freddie influenced his support of their lending programs, and said that Frank did not play a strong enough role in reforming the institutions in the years leading up to the Economic crisis of 2008.[47] In 2006, a Fannie Mae representative stated in SEC filings that they "did not participate in large amounts of these non-traditional mortgages in 2004 and 2005."[48] In response to criticism, Frank said, "In 2004, it was Bush who started to push Fannie and Freddie into subprime mortgages, because they were boasting about how they were expanding homeownership for low-income people. And I said at the time, 'Hey—(a) this is going to jeopardize their profitability, but (b) it's going to put people in homes they can't afford, and they're gonna lose them.'"[7] In 2009 Frank responded to what he called "wholly inaccurate efforts by Republicans to blame Democrats, and [me] in particular" for the subprime mortgage crisis, which is linked to the financial crisis of 2007–2009.[49] He outlined his efforts to reform these institutions and add regulations, but met resistance from Republicans, with the main exception being a bill with Republican Mike Oxley that died because of opposition from President Bush.[49] The 2005 bill included Frank objectives, which were to impose tighter regulation of Fannie and Freddie and new funds for rental housing. Frank and Mike Oxley achieved broad bipartisan support for the bill in the Financial Services Committee, and it passed the House. But the Senate never voted on the measure, in part because President Bush was likely to veto it. "If it had passed, that would have been one of the ways we could have reined in the bowling ball going downhill called housing," Oxley told Frank. In an op-ed piece in the Wall Street Journal, Lawrence B. Lindsey, a former economic adviser to President George W. Bush, wrote that Frank "is the only politician I know who has argued that we needed tighter rules that intentionally produce fewer homeowners and more renters."[7] Once control shifted to the Democrats, Frank was able to help guide both the Federal Housing Reform Act (H.R. 1427) and the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act (H.R. 3915) to passage in 2007.[49] Frank also said that the Republican-led Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999, which repealed part of the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 and removed the wall between commercial and investment banks, contributed to the financial meltdown.[49] Frank stated further that "during twelve years of Republican rule no reform was adopted regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In 2007, a few months after I became the Chairman, the House passed a strong reform bill; we sought to get the [Bush] administration's approval to include it in the economic stimulus legislation in January 2008; and finally got it passed and onto President Bush's desk in July 2008. Moreover, "we were able to adopt it in nineteen months, and we could have done it much quicker if the [Bush] administration had cooperated."[50] Subprime Mortgage crisis

Congressmen Ellison & Frank at Financial Services Field Hearing on Home Foreclosures in Minneapolis. As former chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, beginning in 2007, Frank was "at the center of power".[17] Frank has been a critic of aspects of the Federal Reserve system, partnering with some Republicans in opposition to some policies.[51] Frank says that he and Republican Congressman Ron Paul "first bonded because we were both conspicuous nonworshipers at the Temple of the Fed and of the High Priest Alan Greenspan."[51] Frank has been involved in mortgage foreclosure bailout issues.[52] In 2008 Frank supported passage of the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act, intended to protect thousands of homeowners from foreclosure.[17] This law, H.R. 3221, is considered one of the most important and complex issues on which he worked.[17][53] In an August 2007 op-ed piece in Financial Times, Frank wrote, "In the debate between those who believe in essentially unregulated markets and others who hold that reasonable regulation diminishes market excesses without inhibiting their basic function, the subprime situation unfortunately provides ammunition for the latter view."[54] Frank was also instrumental in the passage of H.R. 5244, the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, a measure that drew praise from editorial boards and consumer advocates.[55][56][57] In 2007. Frank co-sponsored legislation to reform the Section 202 refinancing program, which is for affordable housing for the elderly, and Section 811 disabled programs.[58] Frank has been a chief advocate of the National Housing Trust Fund,[7] which was created as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 and was the first affordable housing program to be enacted by the Congress since 1990.[59] During the subprime mortgage crisis, Frank was characterized as "a key deal-maker, an unlikely bridge between his party's left-wing base and [...] free market conservatives" in the Bush administration.[60][61] Hank Paulson, the U.S. Treasury Secretary for the Bush administration, said he enjoyed Frank's penchant for brokering deals, "he is looking to get things done and make a difference, he focuses on areas of agreement and tries to build on those."[60] The New York Times noted that the Federal Housing Administration's crucial role in the nation's housing market, providing low-down-payment mortgages during the crisis of 2007–2010 when no mortgages would otherwise have been available, "helped avert full-scale disaster" by helping people purchase or refinance homes and thereby putting a floor under falling home prices. However, due to the tighter flow of credit from the banks, total FHA loans in 2009 were four times that of 2006, raising concern that year that if the economy were to dip back into recession, more Fed funds could be required to keep those loans afloat. Frank's response was that the additional defaults — 2.2% more of the total portfolio in 2009 than the year before — were worth the economic stabilization of the broader policy, noting "It was an effort to keep prices from falling too fast." In that context, he opined, "I don't think it's a bad thing that the bad loans occurred." In fact, the unprecedented number of loans made since 2008 were noted to be performing far better than those in the prior two years.[62] Committee assignments Committee on Financial Services (Ranking Member) Political positions and votes

Frank in his congressional office in 2002 Abortion In 2009 Frank had a 100% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America,indicating a pro-choice voting record.[63] He voted against the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act,[64] against the Unborn Victims of Violence Act[65] and against restrictions on the transportation of minors across state lines by non-family members to circumvent local abortion laws. In 1993 Frank co-sponsored the "Freedom of Choice Act" (H.R.25) (1993-H25) to "protect the reproductive rights of women".[66][67] In 2006, he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Assistance for Rape Emergencies Act" (S.3945) (06-S3945), a bill for "emergency contraception for rape victims".[66] In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Care for Servicewomen Act" (S.1800 & HR.2064) (07-HR2064) to "providing emergency contraception at military facilities"; the "Prevention First Act" (S.21&H.R.463 2009-S21) to "expand access to preventive health care services that help reduce unintended pregnancy, reduce abortions, and improve access to women's health care".[66] Civil rights In 1987, Frank was the Chair of the important House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations in the 100th Congress. In this position, he was one of the staunchest supporters of redress and reparations for Japanese American internment during World War II.[68][69] In 2001, Frank co-sponsored an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to apply equal rights based on gender differences.[70] In 2002 he co-sponsored the "Federal Agency Protection of Privacy Act" (H.R.4561) to require a "Privacy Impact Statement" on new federal rules.[70] In 2002 he was scored at 93% by the American Civil Liberties Union on civil rights issues indicating a pro-civil rights voting record.[70] In 2006, Frank was one of three Representatives to oppose the Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act, which restricted protests (notably those of Fred Phelps' Westboro Baptist Church) at soldiers' funerals. He opposed the bill, which passed unanimously in the Senate, on civil liberties and constitutional grounds. Frank said of the vote, "I think it's very likely to be found unconstitutional. It's true that when you defend civil liberties you are typically defending people who do obnoxious things... You play into their hand when you let them provoke you into overdoing it. I don't want these thugs to [make the] claim [that] America is hypocritical."[71] The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People scored him at 100% in 2006 indicating a pro-affirmative-action stance.[70] In 2007, Frank co-sponsored the "Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act" (S.2521/H.R.4838) to "provide benefits to domestic partners of Federal employees".[70] That same year, he co-sponsored the "Equal Rights Amendment" (S.J.RES.10/H.J.RES.40) to "strengthen the ongoing efforts of women across the country to obtain equal treatment."[70] In 2009, he signed bills recognizing the 40th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots and the 100th anniversary of the NAACP.[70] Frank has been outspoken on many civil rights issues, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights. In 1987, he publicly came out as gay.[72] In 1990, Frank was instrumental in crafting the 1990 Immigration Act, which restated the reasons for which a person could be denied entry into the country. The act did not include "sexual preference exclusion[s]", reforming earlier immigration law which allowed persons to be excluded for a sexual deviance "afflict[ion]".[73] He said in a 1996 interview: "I'm used to being in the minority. I'm a left-handed gay Jew. I've never felt, automatically, a member of any majority." In 1995, then-Republican House Majority Leader Dick Armey famously referred to Frank as "Barney Fag" in a press interview. Armey apologized and said it was "a slip of the tongue". Frank did not accept Armey's explanation, saying "I turned to my own expert, my mother, who reports that in 59 years of marriage, no one ever introduced her as Elsie Fag."[74] In 1998, Frank founded the National Stonewall Democrats, the national LGBT Democratic organization. In 2006, Frank and incoming House Speaker Nancy Pelosi were accused by Rep. John Hostettler (R-IN) of having a "radical homosexual agenda"; Frank responded "I do have things I would like to see adopted on behalf of LGBT people: they include the right to marry the individual of our choice; the right to serve in the military to defend our country; and the right to a job based solely on our own qualifications.[7][75] I acknowledge that this is an agenda, but I do not think that any self-respecting radical in history would have considered advocating people's rights to get married, join the army, and earn a living as a terribly inspiring revolutionary platform."[75] Frank's stance on outing gay Republicans has been called the "Frank Rule" whereby a closeted person who uses her or his power, position, or notoriety to hurt LGBT people can be outed.[76] The issue became relevant during the Mark Foley scandal of 2006, during which Frank clarified his position on HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher: "I think there's a right to privacy. But the right to privacy should not be a right to hypocrisy. And people who want to demonize other people shouldn't then be able to go home and close the door and do it themselves."[77] In February 2009, Frank was one of three openly gay members of Congress, along with Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin and Jared Polis of Colorado. In April 2009, Frank was named in the LGBT magazine Out's "Annual Power 50 List", landing at the top spot.[43] In 2006 the Human Rights Campaign scored him at 100% indicating a pro-gay-rights stance.[70] Crime In 2000, Frank was rated at 89% by Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants, indicating pro-rehabilitation crime votes.[78] He co-sponsored "Innocence Protection Act of 2001" (H.R. 912, S.486) to "reduce the risk that innocent persons may be executed [by examining DNA evidence more thoroughly]" and the "National Death Penalty Moratorium Act of 2001" (H.R.1038, S.233) to limit capital punishment until the National Commission on the Death Penalty reviewed the "fairness of the imposition of the death penalty".[78] In 2001, he also co-sponsored the "Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act" (01-HR1343) to "provide Federal assistance to States and local jurisdictions to prosecute hate crimes."[78] Frank co-sponsored the "Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007" to reduce recidivism. (this became Public Law No: 110-199).[78] Drugs In 2001, Frank authored the States' Rights to Medical Marijuana Act (H.R. 2592), an attempt to stop the federal government from preempting states' medical marijuana laws.[79] He has consistently voted for the bipartisan Hinchey-Rohrabacher amendment, annually proposed by Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), that would prohibit the United States Department of Justice from prosecuting medical marijuana patients.[80] In March 2008, he proposed the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008 (HR 5843), which would have decriminalized small amounts of the drug, but which died in committee during the 110th Congress. On June 18, 2009, he re-introduced the bill as the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009 (HR 2943).[81] Commenting on legislation to remove federal criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use, Frank stated "In a free society a large degree of human activity is none of the government's business. We should make criminal what's going to hurt other people and other than that we should leave it to people to make their own choices."[82] In 2003, he was rated "A" by Vote Hemp, indicating a pro-hemp voting record.[83] In 2006 he was rated "+30" by NORML, indicating a pro-drug-reform stance.[83] In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Drug Sentencing Reform & Kingpin Trafficking Act" ((S.1711) 07-S1711) to "target cocaine kingpins and address sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine".[83] In 2008, Frank sponsored "Removing Impediments to Students Education" (RISE) ((H.R.5157) 08-HR5157) to allow rehabilitated drug offenders to get student loans.[83] In 2009 Frank signed the "Community AIDS and Hepatitis Prevention Act" (HR 179 2009-H179) to "use Federal funds for syringe exchange programs for purposes of reducing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including HIV and viral hepatitis" and the Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009 (H.R.1866 2009-H1866) to "grant each state regulating authority for the growing and processing of industrial hemp."[83] Economic issues Frank was a member of the Congressional Internet Caucus established in 1996 to "promoting growth and advancement of the Internet and advance the United States' world leadership in the digital world".[84] In 2001, he co-sponsored the "Anti-Spamming Act" (01-HR718) to protect people and businesses from "unsolicited and unwanted electronic mail".[84] In 2006, Frank voted for the "Communications, Opportunity, Promotion, and Enhancement Act" (Bill HR 5252 Amendment 987) to "establish "network neutrality" (non-tiered Internet)."[84] In 2008, Frank voted against the "FISA Amendments Act" (Bill HR6304) which would give retroactive immunity for those involved in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.[84] That same year, he co-sponsored overturning FCC approval of media consolidation (S.J.RES.28&H.J.RES.79 2008-SJR28).[84] Environment In 1993, Frank co-sponsored "Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments" (H.R.3392) to regulate more contaminants under the Clean Water Act.[85] In 2001, he co-sponsored the "National Forest Protection and Restoration Act" (H.R.1494) to "prohibiting commercial logging on Federal public lands".[85] In 2003, he was rated 95% by the League of Conservation Voters, indicating pro-environment votes.[85] In 2007, he co-sponsored the "Great Cats and Rare Canids Act" (H.R.1464) to "provide financial resources and to foster international cooperation for promoting conservation of rare felids & canids".[85] In the same year, he co-sponsored the "Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act" (S.261/H.R.137) to "strengthen prohibitions against animal fighting".[85] Military In 1996 Frank co-sponsored the "Federal Law Enforcement Dependents Assistance Act" (H.R.4111. Became Public Law No: 104-238.) to "to provide educational assistance to the dependents of Federal law enforcement officials who are killed or disabled in the performance of their duties."[86] In 2001 Frank co-sponsored "the MX Missile Stand-Down Act" (01-HR2718) to take fifty Peacekeeper missiles off of high-alert status as well as the Landmine Elimination and Victim Assistance Act (01-HR948).[86] As of December 2003, Frank had an 89% rating by Peace Action, indicating a pro-peace voting record.[86] In 2005, he co-sponsored "Rail Security Act" (S.1379/H.R.153) (05-S1379) giving higher priority to rail transportation security.[86] In 2008, he co-sponsored the "Veterans Suicide Study Act" ( (S.2899/H.R.4204) 08-S2899) designed to study and address suicides among veterans.[86] As of the 111th Congress, Frank is advocating a 25-percent reduction in the overall Military budget of the United States. "The math is compelling: if we do not make reductions approximating 25 percent of the military budget starting fairly soon, it will be impossible to continue to fund an adequate level of domestic activity...," wrote Frank. He claimed that such a significant reduction would have no effect on the United States' ability to defend itself. "If," he said, "beginning one year from now, we were to cut military spending by 25 percent from its projected levels, we would still be immeasurably stronger than any combination of nations with whom we might be engaged."[87] Frank supports having fewer F-35 Joint Strike Fighter planes, but also supports a $3-billion backup engine project that the Pentagon does not want.[88] Frank told MSNBC's Keith Olbermann that he actually wanted to cut the entire F-35 program, but as long as military spending continued, he would fight for his district's share of it.[89] Online gambling Frank has partnered with Ron Paul in support of online gambling rights. In 2006, both strongly opposed H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition and Enforcement Act, and H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.[90][91] To restore online gambling rights, in 2007 Frank sponsored H.R. 2046, the Internet Gambling Regulation and Enforcement Act.[92] This bill would have established licensing and regulation of online gaming sites. It provided for age verification and protections for compulsive gamblers. In 2008, he and Paul introduced H.R. 5767, the Payment Systems Protection Act, a bill that sought to place a moratorium on enforcement of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 while the United States Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve defined "unlawful Internet gambling". As a result of these efforts, Frank (who does not gamble) has been praised by poker players and online gamblers, including many Republicans.[93] Relations with Israel Frank has been a determined supporter of the State of Israel. "The Israeli government has been a wholly democratic one from the beginning," he said in a lecture to students. "It is one of the freest democracies in the world".[94] He attributed the primary reason for Israel’s long war to his belief that Palestinians are unwilling to make concessions. In August 2009, a confidential memo written by the consul general of Israel in Boston, Nadav Tamir, was leaked to the Israeli media. In the memo, Tamir said that Israel's dealings with the Obama administration on differences over settlements were eroding US support. After Tamir was reprimanded by the Israeli government, Frank defended Tamir in a letter sent to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, in which Frank wrote: "I was sorry to learn that he (Tamir) is being criticized because of his accurate reporting of significant (negative) sentiment in the United States... If the people who work for me did not give me the kind of straightforward, thoughtful analysis that the consul is providing, even if it wasn't the most welcome news, that failure - not the information - would cause me unhappiness."[95] Post-House career

In the wake of the fiscal cliff legislation at the start of 2013, Frank stated[96] that he was interested in the interim appointment that Governor Deval Patrick is expected to make to fill John Kerry's U.S. Senate seat once the latter resigns[97] to serve as United States Secretary of State. Frank had initially said he was not interested in the seat, but went on to change his mind, noting that "that [fiscal cliff] deal now means that February, March, and April are going to be among the most important months in American financial history". He has said he will not run in the special election which will be held to fill the seat for the remainder of Kerry's term.[98] At the end of January 2013, Governor Patrick named associate Mo Cowan to the seat for the interim term.[99] Personal life

Frank resides in a studio apartment complex in Newton, Massachusetts. His husband, Jim Ready, is a surfing enthusiast whom Frank met during a gay political fundraiser in Maine, where Ready still lives.[18][100] On July 7, 2012, Frank married Ready, his longtime partner, at Boston Marriott Newton in suburban Boston.[101] As of 2010, Frank's net worth is estimated by the Center for Responsive Politics to be between $619,024 and $1,510,000.[102] His sister, Ann Lewis, served as a senior adviser in Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign.[103] On August 3, 2013, Frank came out as an atheist on the television program Real Time with Bill Maher. Frank made his decision to come out when he realized he would rather have been sworn in as a Senator (if he had been appointed) on the United States Constitution, rather than the Bible. For most of his life and entire Congressional career, Frank was known as a Jew.[104] Sexuality According to Stuart Weisberg's 2009 biography Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman, Frank dated women in an effort to deny his homosexuality. His last romance with a woman was a nearly two-year-long affair with Irish-American Catholic Kathleen Sullivan, a Boston School Committee member and the daughter of New England Patriots owner Billy Sullivan, that began in 1974. When the two split up, at Frank's instigation, he admitted to her that he was gay. He was still closeted publicly. According to Frank, he "realized it was crazy" to try to have a romance with someone he cared for but was not compatible with due to his homosexuality. "That was the last effort to avoid being gay," Weisberg quotes Frank as saying. Frank never again dated a woman. Frank started coming out as gay to friends before he ran for Congress and came out publicly on May 30, 1987, "prompted in part by increased media interest in his private life" and the death of Stewart McKinney, "a closeted bisexual Republican representative from Connecticut". Frank told The Washington Post after McKinney's death that there was "An unfortunate debate about 'Was he or wasn't he? Didn't he or did he?' I said to myself, I don't want that to happen to me."[105][106][107][note 1] Frank's announcement had little impact on his electoral prospects.[106] Shortly after coming out, Frank met and began dating Herb Moses, an economist and LGBT activist; their relationship lasted for eleven years until an amicable break-up in July 1998.[106][108][109] Moses, who was an executive at Fannie Mae from 1991 to 1998, was the first partner of an openly gay member of Congress to receive spousal benefits and the two were considered "Washington's most powerful and influential gay couple".[108]

ברנט "ברני" פרנק

' (באנגלית: Barnett "Barney" Frank; נולד ב-31 במרץ 1940) הוא פוליטיקאי יהודי-אמריקני, כיהן כחבר בית הנבחרים של ארצות הברית מטעם אזור הבחירה ה-4 של מסצ'וסטס, משנת 1981 ועד לפרישתו בינואר 2013.

פרנק הוא חבר במפלגה הדמוקרטית. בעקבות ניצחונם של הדמוקרטים בבחירות אמצע הקדנציה ב-2006 ושליטתם בבית הנבחרים של ארצות הברית, מונה ליושב ראש ועדת בית הנבחרים לשירותים כספיים. הוא פעיל בתחום זכויות האזרח וקהילת הלהט"ב.

בשנת 1987 לאחר שיצא מהארון מיוזמתו, היה פרנק להומו הגלוי מרצון הראשון בבית הנבחרים של ארצות הברית. ביולי 2012 נישא לבן-זוגו מזה שנים רבות, ג'יימס רדי. בכך היה פרנק לאדם הראשון בהיסטוריה של ארצות הברית שנישא לאדם מאותו המין, בעודו מכהן בקונגרס. בבחירות הכלליות של 2012 לא העמיד את עצמו לבחירה מחדש ופרש מהפוליטיקה.

תוכן עניינים 1 תחילת דרכו 2 פוליטיקה ארצית 2.1 הליך נזיפה 2.2 עקיצות ומחלוקות 2.3 עמדות פוליטיות 2.4 הכלל של פרנק בנוגע ל"אאוטינג" 3 אודות אזור הבחירה 4 גישתו לישראל 5 קישורים חיצוניים 6 הערות שוליים תחילת דרכו פרנק נולד למשפחה יהודית בביון, ניו ג'רזי. את לימודיו האקדמיים עשה בקולג' הרווארד, שם התגורר במעונות הסטודנטים בקירקלנד, ואחר כך בווינת'ורפ. שהוא סיים את לימודיו ב-1962. פרנק לימד בהרווארד בזמן שלמד לדוקטורט שלו, אך עזב ב-1968, לפני שהשלים את התואר, כדי להיות עוזרו הראשי של ראש העיר של בוסטון, קווין וואיט, משרה בה החזיק שלוש שנים. לאחר מכן כיהן במשך שנה אחת כמנהלו האדמיניסטרטיבי של חבר הקונגרס של ארצות הברית, מייקל ג'יי. הרינגטון.

ב-1972, פרנק נבחר לבית הנבחרים המדינתי של מסצ'וסטס, שם שירת שמונה שנים. במהלך אותו זמן, נרשם לבית ספר למשפטים של אוניברסיטת הרווארד וסיים את לימודיו ב-1977.

במקביל לפעילותו הפוליטית, לימד פרנק באוניברסיטת מסצ'וסטס בבוסטון, בבית ספר ג'ון פ. קנדי לממשל, באוניברסיטת הרווארד ובאוניברסיטת בוסטון. פרנק פרסם מספר מאמרים בנושאים פוליטיים וציבוריים. ב-1992 פורסם המאמר לדבר בכנות, שעסק בתפקיד אותו צריכה למלא המפלגה הדמוקרטית בשנות ה-90.

פוליטיקה ארצית ב-1979 הפך פרנק לחבר בקבוצת המשפטנים של מסצ'וסטס, לפני שנבחר לבית הנבחרים של ארצות הברית ב-1980. בראשונה הוא נבחר למלא את מושבו של הכומר רוברט דריאן, אשר עזב את הקונגרס בעקבות קריאתו של האפיפיור יוחנן פאולוס השני לכמרים לעזוב משרות פוליטיות. ב-1982, חלוקה מחדש של מחוזות הכריחה אותו לרוץ נגד הרפובליקנית מרגרט הקלר. כאנדרדוג, הוא מיקד את מערכת הבחירות בעובדת תמיכתה של הקלר בנשיא רונלד רייגן, וכך ניצח בהפרש של 20%. מאז המשיך להיבחר מחדש באופן עקבי ובקלות. פרנק הוא כרגע יושב ראש ועדת השירותים הכספיים.

1981, תמונת קונגרס רשמית מכהונתו הראשונה פרנק הוא דמות בולטת באגף השמאלי של המפלגה הדמוקרטית, ומדב בגלוי על נושאים רבים של זכויות אזרח, ובפרט על הנושא ההומוסקסואלי. ב-1987, דיבר בפעם הראשונה בפומבי על עובדת היותו הומוסקסואל. הוא אמר בראיון ב-1996: "אני רגיל להיות במיעוט. אני הומו, שמאלני, ויהודי. מעולם לא חשתי, אוטומטית, חבר ברוב כלשהו".

הליך נזיפה בשנת 1990 הצביע בית הנבחרים (הארצי) בעד לבצע הליך נזיפה בפרנק, הליך משפטי של הקונגרס עם משמעות סמלית בלבד, בגלל שסטיב גובי, זונה ממין זכר שפרנק התיידד עמו לאחר שהשתמש בשירותיו, טען שהעניק שירותי זנות מדירתו של פרנק, כשהוא לא היה בבית. פרנק ניתק את קשריו עם גובי מוקדם יותר באותה שנה, ודיווח על המאורע לוועדת האתיקה של בית הנבחרים, אחרי שגילה את פעילותיו של גובי. אחרי חקירה מקיפה, לא מצאה ועדת האתיקה של בית הנבחרים כל ראיות שפרנק ידע, או שהיה מעורב בפעילות בלתי חוקית[1]. באשר להאשמות היותר שערורייתיות של גובי, הדו"ח של ועדת האתיקה הסיק: "במספר מקרים בהם טענה שהועלתה בידי מר גובי (בין פומבית או במהלך תצהיר הוועדה שלו) נחקרה על נכונותה, הטענה נסתרה על ידי עדותו בשבועה של צד שלישי, או על ידי גובי עצמו"[2].

עיתון הניו יורק טיימס דיווח ב-20 ביולי 1990, שוועדת האתיקה המליצה "שהנבחר ברני פרנק יקבל נזיפה רשמית מבית הנבחרים על יחסיו עם זונה ממין זכר"[3]. ניסיונות להרחיק או לפתוח בהליך גינוי, שהובלו על ידי החבר הרפובליקני בבית הנבחרים, לארי קרייג, נכשלו[4][5]. בית הנבחרים העדיף להצביע ברוב של 408-18 בעד לנזוף בו[6]. להרשעה לא הייתה כל השפעה באזור הבחירה של פרנק, אשר ניצח במערכה לבחירה מחדש ב-1990 עם 66% מהקולות, ובהפרשים גדולים עוד יותר מאז.

עקיצות ומחלוקות ב-1995, מי שהיה אז מנהיג הרוב הרפובליקני בבית הנבחרים, דיק ארמיי, התייחס לפרנק בראיון תקשורתי כברני פאג ("ברני ההומו"). ארמיי התנצל ואמר ש"זו הייתה פליטת פה". פרנק לא קיבל את התירוץ, והגיב על כך: "פניתי למומחה משלי, אמא שלי, שדיווחה שב-59 שנות נישואין, אף אחד לא הציג אותה כאליס פאג" (אליס ההומאית)[7].

ב-1998, ייסד את ארגון "הדמוקרטים של סטונוול הלאומית", ארגון דמוקרטי של הומואים, לסביות, בי סקסואלים וטראנסג'נדרים. ב-2004 ושוב ב-2006, סקר של אנשי צוות מגבעת הקפיטול שפורסם במגזין "וושניגטוניאן", העניק לפרנק את התארים "הפיקח ביותר", "המצחיק ביותר" ו"הרהוט ביותר" מבין חברי בית הנבחרים[8]. נכון למאי 2007, פרנק הוא אחד מבין שני חברי הקונגרס היחידים שהם הומואים מוצהרים, לצד תמי בולדווין מוויסקונסין.

פרנק ידוע בשנינותו ובהומור העצמי הלגלגני שלו. כך התלונן שאינו מסוגל להשלים את קריאת דו"ח סטאר העוסק ביחסי ביל קלינטון עם מוניקה לוינסקי, כי "זה יותר מדי קריאה על מין הטרוסקסואלי"[9]

פרנק גם מפורסם בהערותיו החריפות על רפובליקנים. בראיון לרשת הטלוויזיה בכבלים "ניו אינגלנד קייבל ניוז" (NECN), ביוני 2007, פרנק אמר על מיט רומני: "רומני האמיתי הוא בבירור איש אמביציוזי יוצא מן הכלל, ללא כל עיקרון פוליטי תפיסתי בכלל. הוא האינטלקטואל חסר הכנות ביותר שיש בהיסטוריה של הפוליטיקה"[10].

עמדות פוליטיות בקונגרס, פרנק הוא תומך נלהב של מריחואנה רפואית. הוא היה המחבר של חוק זכויות המדינה למריחואנה רפואית (H.R 2592), שהיה ניסיון לעצור את הממשל הפדרלי הארצי מלהתערב בחוקי מריחואנה רפואית ברמה המדינתית[11]. פרנק הצביע באופן עקבי בעד תיקון הינצ'י למריחואנה רפואית, שהוצע בכל שנה על ידי דנה רורבכר (רפובליקני, קליפורניה) ומוריס הינצ'י (רפובליקני, ניו יורק), אשר תאסור על משרד המשפטים של ארצות הברית מלהעמיד לדין חולי הצורכים מריחואנה רפואית[12]. נכון ל-25 במרץ 2008, הוא ממשיך במאמצים להעביר חוק פדרלי, אשר יהפוך את ההחזקה של מריחואנה בכמות מזערית, לחוקית[13]. החוק נקרא חוק שימוש אישי במריחואנה בידי מבוגר אחראי.

פרנק היה גם ביקורתי כלפי היבטים של מערכת הבנק הפדרלי, הבנק המרכזי של ארצות הברית, ובכך היה שותף למספר חברי קונגרס רפובליקנים מהאופוזיציה[14]. פרנק אומר שהוא וחבר הקונגרס רון פול "חברנו לראשונה בגלל ששנינו בלטנו בחוסר ההערצה למקדש של 'הפדרלים' עם הכומר הבכיר [%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F] גרינספן"[14].

ב-2006, פרנק היה אחד משלושת חברי הבית שהתנגדו לחוק הכבוד לגיבוריה הנופלים של אמריקה, אשר הגביל את המחאה כנגד חיילים בלוויות (ובמיוחד את זו של הכומר פרד פלפס הגזען, ראש הכנסייה הבפטיסטית וסטבורו, שפועלת כנגד הומואים, קתולים, יהודים, מוסלמים וכדומה). הוא התנגד להצעת החוק, אשר עברה פה אחד בסנאט, בנימוק של זכויות אזרח ושל חוקתיות. פרנק אמר על ההצבעה: "אני חושב שזה מאוד סביר שזה ימצא כלא חוקתי... זה נכון שכשאתה מגן על זכויות אזרח, אתה מגן באופן טיפוסי גם על אנשים שעושים דברים מגעילים... אבל אתה משחק לידיהם כשאתה נותן להם להתגרות בך לידי עשיית יתר. אני לא רוצה שהבריונים האלה יטענו שאמריקה היא צבועה"[15].

הכלל של פרנק בנוגע ל"אאוטינג" השקפתו של פרנק בנוגע ל"אאוטינג" של רפובליקנים הומואים מסוימים הפכה להיות מוכרת היטב בציבור, והיא כונתה "הכלל של פרנק" - הכלל הקובע שמותר לעשות "אאוטינג" לאדם שהוא הומו בארון, במקרה שאותו אדם בעצמו משתמש בסמכותו כדי לפגוע בהומוסקסואלים[16]. הנושא הפך לרלוונטי במיוחד בשנת 2006, במהלך השערורייה של מרק פולי, בקשר עם התוכנית של הקונגרס לשולחי ההודעות (Pages) לתלמידי תיכון, שמבצעים עבודות אדמיניסטרטיביות בעבור חברי בית הנבחרים (בשעה שמרק פולי נתפס עם פרוטוקול של הודעות מיניות לתלמידי תיכון ממין זכר), שבמהלכה פרנק הבהיר את עמדתו ברשת הטלוויזיה HBO בתוכנית "בזמן אמת עם ביל מאהר":

"אני חושב שיש זכות לפרטיות. אבל הזכות לפרטיות לא צריכה להיות הזכות לצביעות. ואנשים אשר רוצים לעשות דמוניזציה של אנשים אחרים, אנחנו לא צריכים לאפשר להם ללכת אחר כך הביתה ולסגור את הדלת ולעשות את זה בעצמם"[17].

אודות אזור הבחירה

אזור הבחירה ה-4 של מסצ'וסטס אזור הבחירה ה-4 של מסצ'וסטס, שאותו משרת פרנק החל משנת 1981, משתרע בעיקרו על פני דרום מסצ'וסטס, וכולל את שטח החוף הדרומי, ואת המחוזות בריסטול, מידלסקס, נורפוק ופליימאות'.

גישתו לישראל כחבר קונגרס יהודי ודמוקרט, פרנק נחשב לתומך עקבי של מדינת ישראל. בהזדמנויות רבות הביע את דעתו, שישראל היא מעוז של דמוקרטיה וחופש, ושהסיבה העיקרית להתמשכות הסכסוך באזור היא סירובם של הפלסטינים ושל מדינות ערב לעשות את הוויתורים הנחוצים לכך[18]. הוא הוסיף, שהביקורת שישראל זוכה לה היא חסרת פרופורציות, לעומת השתיקה נוכח פשעים שמבצעים ממשלים של מדינות אחרות[19].

יחד עם זאת, בעת שהקונסול הכללי של ישראל בבוסטון, נדב תמיר, הותקף על ידי חוגים ימניים בגלל מזכר פנימי שכתב, ובו ביקר את התנהלות ממשלת ישראל ביחסיה עם הממשל האמריקני - עמד פרנק לצידו של הקונסול. פרנק טען, שתמיר עשה שירות חשוב למדינת ישראל, בכך שסיפק לממשלתו מידע מדויק וחיוני, אודות העוינות שגורמת מדיניותה של ממשלת ישראל, והירידה בתמיכה של הקהילה היהודית ושל הממשל בישראל, כתוצאה מכך[20].

קישורים חיצוניים מיזמי קרן ויקימדיה ויקישיתוף תמונות ומדיה בוויקישיתוף: ברני פרנק F icon.svg ברני פרנק , ברשת החברתית פייסבוק Twitter logo initial.svg ברני פרנק , ברשת החברתית טוויטר חבר בית הנבחרים ברני פרנק

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אגודת ההומואים והלסביות דרוש ברני פרנק ישראלי וושינגטון והקול ההומו-לסבי , באתר ynet הדמוקרטים הגישו הצעת חוק להסרת האיסור על הימורים ברשת הבית הפתוח

תגובה של ברני פרנק. וורן ג'והנסון וויליאם איי. פרסי אווטינג: ניפוץ הקונספירציה של השתיקה , גוף העיתונות -הארינגטון פארק פרס, שנת 1994, עמודים 106, 139, 143, 154, 157, 188-9, 228, 231, 235, 291 לינדה ראפ (2004), "פרנק, ברני" , אנציקלופדיית קהילת ה-להט"ב, עודכן ב-16 באוגוסט 2007.

https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8...

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank

Barnett "Barney" Frank (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts from 1981 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2007–2011) and was a leading co-sponsor of the 2010 Dodd–Frank Act, a sweeping reform of the U.S. financial industry. Frank, a resident of Newton, Massachusetts, is considered the most prominent gay politician in the United States.[1] Born and raised in Bayonne, New Jersey, Frank graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He worked as a political aide before winning election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1972. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980 with 52 percent of the vote. He has been re-elected every year since by wide margins. In 1987, he came out as gay, becoming the first member of Congress to do so voluntarily. From 2003 until his retirement, Frank was the leading Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee, and he served as committee chairman when his party held a House majority from 2007 to 2011. In July 2012, he married his long-time partner, James Ready, becoming the first member of Congress to marry someone of the same sex while in office.[2] Frank did not seek re-election in 2012, and retired from Congress at the end of his term in January 2013.[3] However, Frank had expressed interest in serving temporarily in the United States Senate after John Kerry had been confirmed as Secretary of State but was ultimately passed over for Mo Cowan.[4] Contents [show] Early life, education, and early career

Frank was born Barnett Frank[5] in Bayonne, New Jersey, one of four children of Elsie (née Golush) and Samuel Frank. His family was Jewish, and his grandparents had immigrated from Poland and Russia.[6] Frank’s father ran a Jersey City truck stop—a place Frank has described as “totally corrupt”—and when Frank was 6 or 7, served a year in prison for refusing to testify to a grand jury against Frank’s uncle.[7] Frank was educated at Harvard College, where he resided in Matthews Hall his first year and then in Kirkland House and Winthrop House, graduating in 1962. Frank’s undergraduate studies were interrupted by the death of his father, and Frank took a year off to help resolve the family’s affairs prior to his graduation.[7] In 1964, he was a volunteer in Mississippi during Freedom Summer.[8] He taught undergraduates at Harvard while studying for a PhD in Government, but left in 1968 before having completed the degree, to become Boston mayor Kevin White’s Chief Assistant, a position he held for three years. He then served for a year as Administrative Assistant to Congressman Michael J. Harrington. Frank later graduated from Harvard Law School, in 1977, where he was once a student of Henry Kissinger,[9] while serving as Massachusetts State Representative. Pre-congressional career

In 1972, Frank was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives where he served for eight years. He made a name for himself in the mid-1970s as a political defender of the Combat Zone, Boston’s notorious red light district. Neighborhoods in Frank’s district bordered the Combat Zone. As a means of dealing with crime in the area (including violence, police corruption and the infiltration by organized crime), he introduced a bill into the Massachusetts General Court that would have legalized the sex-for-hire business but kept it quarantined in a red light district, which would have been moved to Boston’s Financial District.[10][11] The bill, which had the support of Boston’s Police Commissioner, never came up for a vote. Later, when Frank was running for Congress, opponents erroneously portrayed him as having attempted to permit red-light districts in all Bay State communities. In 1979, Frank was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts. While in state and local government, he taught, part-time, at the University of Massachusetts Boston, the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, and at Boston University. He published numerous articles on politics and public affairs; in 1992, he published Speaking Frankly, an essay on the role the Democratic Party should play in the 1990s. U.S. House of Representatives

1981, Congressional Pictorial Directory – Frank’s first term as Congressman Elections In 1980, Frank ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 4th congressional district, hoping to succeed Father Robert Drinan, who had left Congress, following a call by Pope John Paul II for priests to withdraw from political positions. In the Democratic primary held on September 16, 1980, Frank won 52% of the vote in a four-candidate field.[12][13] As the Democratic nominee, he faced Republican Richard A. Jones in the general election and won narrowly, 52%–48%.[14][15] For his first term, Frank represented a district in the western and southern suburbs of Boston, anchored by Brookline and his hometown of Newton. However, in 1982, redistricting forced him to run against Republican Margaret Heckler, who represented a district centered on the South Coast, including Fall River and New Bedford. Although the newly configured district retained Frank’s district number—the 4th—it was geographically more Heckler's district. Frank focused on Heckler's initial support for President Ronald Reagan's tax cuts, and won with 60% of the vote.[16] Frank did not face another serious race again for a quarter-century.[17][18] From 1984 to 2008, he won re-election 12 times with at least 67% of the vote.[19] In 2010, Frank ran for his 16th term. Public opinion polling showed him facing his first credible challenge since defeating Heckler in 1982. His opponent was Republican Sean Bielat, a U.S. Marine veteran and businessman.[20] In mid-September, an internal poll showed Frank leading 48%–38%.[21] In late October, he loaned his campaign $200,000.[22] In early October, the Cook Political Report changed its assessment of the district from “solid Democratic” to “likely Democratic”—meaning that while Frank was favored, a victory by Bielat could not be entirely ruled out. While Frank had a 3-to-1 advantage in terms of cash on hand, Bielat outraised him in September.[23] On October 25, a Boston Globe survey showed Frank leading 46%–33%.[24] Bielat released a TV ad showing Frank dancing under a disco ball, with the message that he was "dancing around the issues."[25] Frank won re-election to his 16th term, 54%–43%.[26] On November 28, 2011, Frank announced at a news conference that he would not seek re-election in 2012. Tenure Scandal In 1985 Frank was still closeted. That year he hired Steve Gobie, a male prostitute, for sex, and they became "more friends than sexual partners."[27] Frank housed Gobie and hired him with personal funds as an aide, housekeeper and driver and paid for his attorney and court-ordered psychiatrist.[27] In 1987, Frank kicked Gobie out after being advised by his landlord that Gobie kept escorting despite the support and was doing so in the residence.[27][28] Later that year, Gobie's friends convinced him they had a gay male version of Mayflower Madam, a TV movie they had been watching.[27] In 1989, Gobie tried to initiate a bidding war for the story between WUSA-TV (Channel 9), the Washington Times, and The Washington Post.[27] He then gave the story to The Washington Times for nothing, in hopes of getting a book contract.[28] Amid calls for an investigation, Frank asked the House Ethics Committee to investigate his relationship "in order to ensure that the public record is clear."[29] The Committee found no evidence that Frank had known of or been involved in the alleged illegal activity and dismissed all Gobie's more scandalous claims; they recommended a reprimand for Frank using his congressional office to fix 33 of Gobie's parking tickets and for misstatements of fact in a memorandum relating to Gobie's criminal probation record.[30] The House voted 408–18 to reprimand Frank.[31][32] The attempts to censure and expel Frank were led by Republican Larry Craig (whom Frank later criticized for hypocrisy[33] after Craig's own arrest in 2007 for lewd conduct while soliciting gay sex in an airport bathroom).[34][35][36] Despite the controversy, Frank won re-election in 1990 with 66 percent of the vote, and has won by larger margins until the 2010 Mid-term elections when Frank won by eleven points.[37] Public image Frank is known for his quick wit and rapid-fire speaking style.[38] In one famous quip, he said he was unable to complete his review of the Starr Report detailing President Bill Clinton's relationship with Monica Lewinsky, complaining that it was "too much reading about heterosexual sex".[39] In 2004 and again in 2006, a survey of Capitol Hill staffers published in Washingtonian gave Frank the title of the "brainiest", "funniest", and "most eloquent" member of the House.[40] In 2008, the same survey named him "brainiest", and runner up for "workhorse", and "most eloquent";[41] in 2010, he was named "brainiest", "workhorse", and "funniest".[42] He is also widely considered to have been, during his tenure, one of the most powerful members of Congress.[43][44][45] Democratic speech writer Josh Gottheimer, in his book Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches, describes Frank as "one of the brightest and most energetic defenders of civil rights issues."[46] Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Frank was criticized by conservative organizations for campaign contributions totaling $42,350 between 1989 and 2008. Bill Sammon, the Washington managing editor for Fox News Channel, claimed the donations from Fannie and Freddie influenced his support of their lending programs, and said that Frank did not play a strong enough role in reforming the institutions in the years leading up to the Economic crisis of 2008.[47] In 2006, a Fannie Mae representative stated in SEC filings that they "did not participate in large amounts of these non-traditional mortgages in 2004 and 2005."[48] In response to criticism, Frank said, "In 2004, it was Bush who started to push Fannie and Freddie into subprime mortgages, because they were boasting about how they were expanding homeownership for low-income people. And I said at the time, 'Hey—(a) this is going to jeopardize their profitability, but (b) it's going to put people in homes they can't afford, and they're gonna lose them.'"[7] In 2009 Frank responded to what he called "wholly inaccurate efforts by Republicans to blame Democrats, and [me] in particular" for the subprime mortgage crisis, which is linked to the financial crisis of 2007–2009.[49] He outlined his efforts to reform these institutions and add regulations, but met resistance from Republicans, with the main exception being a bill with Republican Mike Oxley that died because of opposition from President Bush.[49] The 2005 bill included Frank objectives, which were to impose tighter regulation of Fannie and Freddie and new funds for rental housing. Frank and Mike Oxley achieved broad bipartisan support for the bill in the Financial Services Committee, and it passed the House. But the Senate never voted on the measure, in part because President Bush was likely to veto it. "If it had passed, that would have been one of the ways we could have reined in the bowling ball going downhill called housing," Oxley told Frank. In an op-ed piece in the Wall Street Journal, Lawrence B. Lindsey, a former economic adviser to President George W. Bush, wrote that Frank "is the only politician I know who has argued that we needed tighter rules that intentionally produce fewer homeowners and more renters."[7] Once control shifted to the Democrats, Frank was able to help guide both the Federal Housing Reform Act (H.R. 1427) and the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act (H.R. 3915) to passage in 2007.[49] Frank also said that the Republican-led Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999, which repealed part of the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 and removed the wall between commercial and investment banks, contributed to the financial meltdown.[49] Frank stated further that "during twelve years of Republican rule no reform was adopted regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In 2007, a few months after I became the Chairman, the House passed a strong reform bill; we sought to get the [Bush] administration's approval to include it in the economic stimulus legislation in January 2008; and finally got it passed and onto President Bush's desk in July 2008. Moreover, "we were able to adopt it in nineteen months, and we could have done it much quicker if the [Bush] administration had cooperated."[50] Subprime Mortgage crisis

Congressmen Ellison & Frank at Financial Services Field Hearing on Home Foreclosures in Minneapolis. As former chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, beginning in 2007, Frank was "at the center of power".[17] Frank has been a critic of aspects of the Federal Reserve system, partnering with some Republicans in opposition to some policies.[51] Frank says that he and Republican Congressman Ron Paul "first bonded because we were both conspicuous nonworshipers at the Temple of the Fed and of the High Priest Alan Greenspan."[51] Frank has been involved in mortgage foreclosure bailout issues.[52] In 2008 Frank supported passage of the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act, intended to protect thousands of homeowners from foreclosure.[17] This law, H.R. 3221, is considered one of the most important and complex issues on which he worked.[17][53] In an August 2007 op-ed piece in Financial Times, Frank wrote, "In the debate between those who believe in essentially unregulated markets and others who hold that reasonable regulation diminishes market excesses without inhibiting their basic function, the subprime situation unfortunately provides ammunition for the latter view."[54] Frank was also instrumental in the passage of H.R. 5244, the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, a measure that drew praise from editorial boards and consumer advocates.[55][56][57] In 2007. Frank co-sponsored legislation to reform the Section 202 refinancing program, which is for affordable housing for the elderly, and Section 811 disabled programs.[58] Frank has been a chief advocate of the National Housing Trust Fund,[7] which was created as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 and was the first affordable housing program to be enacted by the Congress since 1990.[59] During the subprime mortgage crisis, Frank was characterized as "a key deal-maker, an unlikely bridge between his party's left-wing base and [...] free market conservatives" in the Bush administration.[60][61] Hank Paulson, the U.S. Treasury Secretary for the Bush administration, said he enjoyed Frank's penchant for brokering deals, "he is looking to get things done and make a difference, he focuses on areas of agreement and tries to build on those."[60] The New York Times noted that the Federal Housing Administration's crucial role in the nation's housing market, providing low-down-payment mortgages during the crisis of 2007–2010 when no mortgages would otherwise have been available, "helped avert full-scale disaster" by helping people purchase or refinance homes and thereby putting a floor under falling home prices. However, due to the tighter flow of credit from the banks, total FHA loans in 2009 were four times that of 2006, raising concern that year that if the economy were to dip back into recession, more Fed funds could be required to keep those loans afloat. Frank's response was that the additional defaults — 2.2% more of the total portfolio in 2009 than the year before — were worth the economic stabilization of the broader policy, noting "It was an effort to keep prices from falling too fast." In that context, he opined, "I don't think it's a bad thing that the bad loans occurred." In fact, the unprecedented number of loans made since 2008 were noted to be performing far better than those in the prior two years.[62] Committee assignments Committee on Financial Services (Ranking Member) Political positions and votes

Frank in his congressional office in 2002 Abortion In 2009 Frank had a 100% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America,indicating a pro-choice voting record.[63] He voted against the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act,[64] against the Unborn Victims of Violence Act[65] and against restrictions on the transportation of minors across state lines by non-family members to circumvent local abortion laws. In 1993 Frank co-sponsored the "Freedom of Choice Act" (H.R.25) (1993-H25) to "protect the reproductive rights of women".[66][67] In 2006, he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Assistance for Rape Emergencies Act" (S.3945) (06-S3945), a bill for "emergency contraception for rape victims".[66] In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Care for Servicewomen Act" (S.1800 & HR.2064) (07-HR2064) to "providing emergency contraception at military facilities"; the "Prevention First Act" (S.21&H.R.463 2009-S21) to "expand access to preventive health care services that help reduce unintended pregnancy, reduce abortions, and improve access to women's health care".[66] Civil rights In 1987, Frank was the Chair of the important House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations in the 100th Congress. In this position, he was one of the staunchest supporters of redress and reparations for Japanese American internment during World War II.[68][69] In 2001, Frank co-sponsored an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to apply equal rights based on gender differences.[70] In 2002 he co-sponsored the "Federal Agency Protection of Privacy Act" (H.R.4561) to require a "Privacy Impact Statement" on new federal rules.[70] In 2002 he was scored at 93% by the American Civil Liberties Union on civil rights issues indicating a pro-civil rights voting record.[70] In 2006, Frank was one of three Representatives to oppose the Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act, which restricted protests (notably those of Fred Phelps' Westboro Baptist Church) at soldiers' funerals. He opposed the bill, which passed unanimously in the Senate, on civil liberties and constitutional grounds. Frank said of the vote, "I think it's very likely to be found unconstitutional. It's true that when you defend civil liberties you are typically defending people who do obnoxious things... You play into their hand when you let them provoke you into overdoing it. I don't want these thugs to [make the] claim [that] America is hypocritical."[71] The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People scored him at 100% in 2006 indicating a pro-affirmative-action stance.[70] In 2007, Frank co-sponsored the "Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act" (S.2521/H.R.4838) to "provide benefits to domestic partners of Federal employees".[70] That same year, he co-sponsored the "Equal Rights Amendment" (S.J.RES.10/H.J.RES.40) to "strengthen the ongoing efforts of women across the country to obtain equal treatment."[70] In 2009, he signed bills recognizing the 40th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots and the 100th anniversary of the NAACP.[70] Frank has been outspoken on many civil rights issues, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights. In 1987, he publicly came out as gay.[72] In 1990, Frank was instrumental in crafting the 1990 Immigration Act, which restated the reasons for which a person could be denied entry into the country. The act did not include "sexual preference exclusion[s]", reforming earlier immigration law which allowed persons to be excluded for a sexual deviance "afflict[ion]".[73] He said in a 1996 interview: "I'm used to being in the minority. I'm a left-handed gay Jew. I've never felt, automatically, a member of any majority." In 1995, then-Republican House Majority Leader Dick Armey famously referred to Frank as "Barney Fag" in a press interview. Armey apologized and said it was "a slip of the tongue". Frank did not accept Armey's explanation, saying "I turned to my own expert, my mother, who reports that in 59 years of marriage, no one ever introduced her as Elsie Fag."[74] In 1998, Frank founded the National Stonewall Democrats, the national LGBT Democratic organization. In 2006, Frank and incoming House Speaker Nancy Pelosi were accused by Rep. John Hostettler (R-IN) of having a "radical homosexual agenda"; Frank responded "I do have things I would like to see adopted on behalf of LGBT people: they include the right to marry the individual of our choice; the right to serve in the military to defend our country; and the right to a job based solely on our own qualifications.[7][75] I acknowledge that this is an agenda, but I do not think that any self-respecting radical in history would have considered advocating people's rights to get married, join the army, and earn a living as a terribly inspiring revolutionary platform."[75] Frank's stance on outing gay Republicans has been called the "Frank Rule" whereby a closeted person who uses her or his power, position, or notoriety to hurt LGBT people can be outed.[76] The issue became relevant during the Mark Foley scandal of 2006, during which Frank clarified his position on HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher: "I think there's a right to privacy. But the right to privacy should not be a right to hypocrisy. And people who want to demonize other people shouldn't then be able to go home and close the door and do it themselves."[77] In February 2009, Frank was one of three openly gay members of Congress, along with Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin and Jared Polis of Colorado. In April 2009, Frank was named in the LGBT magazine Out's "Annual Power 50 List", landing at the top spot.[43] In 2006 the Human Rights Campaign scored him at 100% indicating a pro-gay-rights stance.[70] Crime In 2000, Frank was rated at 89% by Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants, indicating pro-rehabilitation crime votes.[78] He co-sponsored "Innocence Protection Act of 2001" (H.R. 912, S.486) to "reduce the risk that innocent persons may be executed [by examining DNA evidence more thoroughly]" and the "National Death Penalty Moratorium Act of 2001" (H.R.1038, S.233) to limit capital punishment until the National Commission on the Death Penalty reviewed the "fairness of the imposition of the death penalty".[78] In 2001, he also co-sponsored the "Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act" (01-HR1343) to "provide Federal assistance to States and local jurisdictions to prosecute hate crimes."[78] Frank co-sponsored the "Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007" to reduce recidivism. (this became Public Law No: 110-199).[78] Drugs In 2001, Frank authored the States' Rights to Medical Marijuana Act (H.R. 2592), an attempt to stop the federal government from preempting states' medical marijuana laws.[79] He has consistently voted for the bipartisan Hinchey-Rohrabacher amendment, annually proposed by Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), that would prohibit the United States Department of Justice from prosecuting medical marijuana patients.[80] In March 2008, he proposed the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008 (HR 5843), which would have decriminalized small amounts of the drug, but which died in committee during the 110th Congress. On June 18, 2009, he re-introduced the bill as the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009 (HR 2943).[81] Commenting on legislation to remove federal criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use, Frank stated "In a free society a large degree of human activity is none of the government's business. We should make criminal what's going to hurt other people and other than that we should leave it to people to make their own choices."[82] In 2003, he was rated "A" by Vote Hemp, indicating a pro-hemp voting record.[83] In 2006 he was rated "+30" by NORML, indicating a pro-drug-reform stance.[83] In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Drug Sentencing Reform & Kingpin Trafficking Act" ((S.1711) 07-S1711) to "target cocaine kingpins and address sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine".[83] In 2008, Frank sponsored "Removing Impediments to Students Education" (RISE) ((H.R.5157) 08-HR5157) to allow rehabilitated drug offenders to get student loans.[83] In 2009 Frank signed the "Community AIDS and Hepatitis Prevention Act" (HR 179 2009-H179) to "use Federal funds for syringe exchange programs for purposes of reducing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including HIV and viral hepatitis" and the Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009 (H.R.1866 2009-H1866) to "grant each state regulating authority for the growing and processing of industrial hemp."[83] Economic issues Frank was a member of the Congressional Internet Caucus established in 1996 to "promoting growth and advancement of the Internet and advance the United States' world leadership in the digital world".[84] In 2001, he co-sponsored the "Anti-Spamming Act" (01-HR718) to protect people and businesses from "unsolicited and unwanted electronic mail".[84] In 2006, Frank voted for the "Communications, Opportunity, Promotion, and Enhancement Act" (Bill HR 5252 Amendment 987) to "establish "network neutrality" (non-tiered Internet)."[84] In 2008, Frank voted against the "FISA Amendments Act" (Bill HR6304) which would give retroactive immunity for those involved in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.[84] That same year, he co-sponsored overturning FCC approval of media consolidation (S.J.RES.28&H.J.RES.79 2008-SJR28).[84] Environment In 1993, Frank co-sponsored "Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments" (H.R.3392) to regulate more contaminants under the Clean Water Act.[85] In 2001, he co-sponsored the "National Forest Protection and Restoration Act" (H.R.1494) to "prohibiting commercial logging on Federal public lands".[85] In 2003, he was rated 95% by the League of Conservation Voters, indicating pro-environment votes.[85] In 2007, he co-sponsored the "Great Cats and Rare Canids Act" (H.R.1464) to "provide financial resources and to foster international cooperation for promoting conservation of rare felids & canids".[85] In the same year, he co-sponsored the "Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act" (S.261/H.R.137) to "strengthen prohibitions against animal fighting".[85] Military In 1996 Frank co-sponsored the "Federal Law Enforcement Dependents Assistance Act" (H.R.4111. Became Public Law No: 104-238.) to "to provide educational assistance to the dependents of Federal law enforcement officials who are killed or disabled in the performance of their duties."[86] In 2001 Frank co-sponsored "the MX Missile Stand-Down Act" (01-HR2718) to take fifty Peacekeeper missiles off of high-alert status as well as the Landmine Elimination and Victim Assistance Act (01-HR948).[86] As of December 2003, Frank had an 89% rating by Peace Action, indicating a pro-peace voting record.[86] In 2005, he co-sponsored "Rail Security Act" (S.1379/H.R.153) (05-S1379) giving higher priority to rail transportation security.[86] In 2008, he co-sponsored the "Veterans Suicide Study Act" ( (S.2899/H.R.4204) 08-S2899) designed to study and address suicides among veterans.[86] As of the 111th Congress, Frank is advocating a 25-percent reduction in the overall Military budget of the United States. "The math is compelling: if we do not make reductions approximating 25 percent of the military budget starting fairly soon, it will be impossible to continue to fund an adequate level of domestic activity...," wrote Frank. He claimed that such a significant reduction would have no effect on the United States' ability to defend itself. "If," he said, "beginning one year from now, we were to cut military spending by 25 percent from its projected levels, we would still be immeasurably stronger than any combination of nations with whom we might be engaged."[87] Frank supports having fewer F-35 Joint Strike Fighter planes, but also supports a $3-billion backup engine project that the Pentagon does not want.[88] Frank told MSNBC's Keith Olbermann that he actually wanted to cut the entire F-35 program, but as long as military spending continued, he would fight for his district's share of it.[89] Online gambling Frank has partnered with Ron Paul in support of online gambling rights. In 2006, both strongly opposed H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition and Enforcement Act, and H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.[90][91] To restore online gambling rights, in 2007 Frank sponsored H.R. 2046, the Internet Gambling Regulation and Enforcement Act.[92] This bill would have established licensing and regulation of online gaming sites. It provided for age verification and protections for compulsive gamblers. In 2008, he and Paul introduced H.R. 5767, the Payment Systems Protection Act, a bill that sought to place a moratorium on enforcement of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 while the United States Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve defined "unlawful Internet gambling". As a result of these efforts, Frank (who does not gamble) has been praised by poker players and online gamblers, including many Republicans.[93] Relations with Israel Frank has been a determined supporter of the State of Israel. "The Israeli government has been a wholly democratic one from the beginning," he said in a lecture to students. "It is one of the freest democracies in the world".[94] He attributed the primary reason for Israel’s long war to his belief that Palestinians are unwilling to make concessions. In August 2009, a confidential memo written by the consul general of Israel in Boston, Nadav Tamir, was leaked to the Israeli media. In the memo, Tamir said that Israel's dealings with the Obama administration on differences over settlements were eroding US support. After Tamir was reprimanded by the Israeli government, Frank defended Tamir in a letter sent to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, in which Frank wrote: "I was sorry to learn that he (Tamir) is being criticized because of his accurate reporting of significant (negative) sentiment in the United States... If the people who work for me did not give me the kind of straightforward, thoughtful analysis that the consul is providing, even if it wasn't the most welcome news, that failure - not the information - would cause me unhappiness."[95] Post-House career

In the wake of the fiscal cliff legislation at the start of 2013, Frank stated[96] that he was interested in the interim appointment that Governor Deval Patrick is expected to make to fill John Kerry's U.S. Senate seat once the latter resigns[97] to serve as United States Secretary of State. Frank had initially said he was not interested in the seat, but went on to change his mind, noting that "that [fiscal cliff] deal now means that February, March, and April are going to be among the most important months in American financial history". He has said he will not run in the special election which will be held to fill the seat for the remainder of Kerry's term.[98] At the end of January 2013, Governor Patrick named associate Mo Cowan to the seat for the interim term.[99] Personal life

Frank resides in a studio apartment complex in Newton, Massachusetts. His husband, Jim Ready, is a surfing enthusiast whom Frank met during a gay political fundraiser in Maine, where Ready still lives.[18][100] On July 7, 2012, Frank married Ready, his longtime partner, at Boston Marriott Newton in suburban Boston.[101] As of 2010, Frank's net worth is estimated by the Center for Responsive Politics to be between $619,024 and $1,510,000.[102] His sister, Ann Lewis, served as a senior adviser in Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign.[103] On August 3, 2013, Frank came out as an atheist on the television program Real Time with Bill Maher. Frank made his decision to come out when he realized he would rather have been sworn in as a Senator (if he had been appointed) on the United States Constitution, rather than the Bible. For most of his life and entire Congressional career, Frank was known as a Jew.[104] Sexuality According to Stuart Weisberg's 2009 biography Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman, Frank dated women in an effort to deny his homosexuality. His last romance with a woman was a nearly two-year-long affair with Irish-American Catholic Kathleen Sullivan, a Boston School Committee member and the daughter of New England Patriots owner Billy Sullivan, that began in 1974. When the two split up, at Frank's instigation, he admitted to her that he was gay. He was still closeted publicly. According to Frank, he "realized it was crazy" to try to have a romance with someone he cared for but was not compatible with due to his homosexuality. "That was the last effort to avoid being gay," Weisberg quotes Frank as saying. Frank never again dated a woman. Frank started coming out as gay to friends before he ran for Congress and came out publicly on May 30, 1987, "prompted in part by increased media interest in his private life" and the death of Stewart McKinney, "a closeted bisexual Republican representative from Connecticut". Frank told The Washington Post after McKinney's death that there was "An unfortunate debate about 'Was he or wasn't he? Didn't he or did he?' I said to myself, I don't want that to happen to me."[105][106][107][note 1] Frank's announcement had little impact on his electoral prospects.[106] Shortly after coming out, Frank met and began dating Herb Moses, an economist and LGBT activist; their relationship lasted for eleven years until an amicable break-up in July 1998.[106][108][109] Moses, who was an executive at Fannie Mae from 1991 to 1998, was the first partner of an openly gay member of Congress to receive spousal benefits and the two were considered "Washington's most powerful and influential gay couple".[108]