Rev. Robert Browne

Life of Browne Browne[1] was born at Tolethorpe Hall in Rutland, England sometime in the 1550s, the son of Anthony Browne. In 1572 he took a degree from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.[2] It was probably while Browne was at Corpus Christi that he first met Robert Harrison who came from Norwich. They were both influenced by Thomas Cartwright the Puritan theologian.

Browne became a Lecturer at St Mary's Church, Islington, where his dissident preaching against the doctrines and disciplines of the Church of England began to attract attention.[3] During 1578 he returned to Cambridge and came under the influence of Richard Greenham, Puritan rector of Dry Drayton, near Cambridge. Browne may have been encouraged to complete his ordination and serve at a parish church. He was offered a lecturer position at St Bene't's Church, Cambridge possibly through Greenham, but his tenure there was short lived. He may have come to reject the Puritan view of reform from within the Church, and started to look outside the established Church.

Browne was the first seceder from the Church of England and the first to found a Church of his own on Congregational principles. By 1581 he had attempted to set up a separate church in Norwich. He was arrested but released on the advice of William Cecil, his kinsman. Browne and companions left England and moved to Middelburg in the Netherlands later in 1581. There they organised a church on what they conceived to be the New Testament model, but the community broke up within two years owing to internal dissensions.

His most important works, A Treatise of Reformation without Tarying for Anie, in which he asserted the right of the church to effect necessary reforms without the authorisation of the civil magistrate; and A Booke which sheweth the life and manners of all True Christians which set out the theory of Congregational independency, were published at Middelburg in 1582. The following year two men were hanged at Bury St Edmunds for circulating them.

Browne was only an active Separatist from 1579–1585 and returned to the Church of England. He served as Headmaster of St Olave's Grammar School, Southwark 1586–89 and was also Headmaster of Stamford School between 1589 and 1591.[ citation needed] He held the benefice of Achurch Church in Northamptonshire from 1591 to 1631, and lived on the Lilford Hall estate until shortly before his death. He was much engaged in controversy with some of those who held his earlier separatist position and who now looked upon him as a renegade. In particular he several times replied to John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe; one of his replies, entitled A Reproofe of certaine schismatical persons and their doctrine touching the hearing and preaching of the word of God (1587–1588) sheds light upon the development of Browne's later views.

He was imprisoned 32 times during his life for his non-conformist beliefs and died in jail at Northampton, after he was imprisoned for hitting during an argument his godson[ citation needed] who was a constable. He is buried in St Giles's churchyard, Northampton.[4]

He is considered the father of the Congregational body in the English-speaking world, and 'The Father of the Pilgrims' due to the Mayflower passengers in 1620 being part of the Brownist Movement.

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