Richard Sherridan

Richard Sheridan MyHeritage Family Trees Whyte-Jones Family Web Site, managed by Dan Whyte (Contact) Birth: 1718 - Dublin, Ireland Death: 1787 - Dublin, Ireland Parents: Thomas Sheridan, Elizabeth Sheridan (born Mcfadden) Siblings: Elizabeth Rebecca Sheridan, Thomas Sheridan, Ester Sheridan, James Sheridan, Susan Meliora (Mary) Carey (born Sheridan)

His aunt was Hester Sheridan Knowles, grandmother of James Sheridan Knowles, poet lauriet of England according to Betty Jane Andrews (great granddaughter of Frances Knowles Hoeffel). His gifted granddaughter is Caroline Sheridan Norton.

His mother was a woman of considerable talents and affords one of the few instances occurring of a female indebted for a husband to her literature; as it was a pamphlet she wrote concerning the Dublin theatre that first attracted to her the notice of Thomas Sheridan. Her affecting novel, Sidney Biddulph, could boast among its warm panegyrists Mr. Fox and Lord North; and in the Tale of Nourjahad she has employed the graces of Eastern fiction.

John Watkins in his "Memoirs" states that the disordered state of the father's affairs, and the hurried life which he was compelled to lead, prevented him from paying much attention to the education of his children, which charge devolved solely upon their mother, till Richard and Charles were of an age to attend the school of Mr. Samuel Whyte, in Grafton Street when they were left behind when the family moved to England upon the ruin of Mr. Sheridan's theatre. Mrs. Sheridan committed her sons, to the care of her cousin, Mr. Whyte, and she recommended to him the exercise of patience in his arduous profession, and observed that she had brought him subjects for the trial of that virtue; for 'these boys ... will be your tutors in that respect. I have hitherto been their only instructor, and they have sufficiently exercised mine; for two such impenetrable dunces I never met with.'

At this time Richard was in his seventh year; and though the remark of the mother was not confirmed by subsequent evidence of an incapacity for learning, the story is, at least, a proof of constitutional indolence. Later Dr. Samuel Parr, an under-teacher at Harrow, perceiving in Sheridan strong powers of retention, and an acuteness of penetration, which only wanted friendly assistance to be distinguished.

His sister Alicia recalled the joy of her reunion with her brother when he was able to rejoin the family at the house they had taken in Fifth Street, Soho before going to university:

'I saw him; and my childish attachment revived with double force. He was handsome, not merely in the eyes of a partial sister but generally allowed to be so. His cheeks had the glow of health, his eyes - the finest in the world - the brilliancy of genius, were as soft as a tender affectionate heart could render them. The same playful fancy, the same sterling and innocuous wit, that was shown afterwards in his writings, cheered and delighted the family circle. I admired him - I almost adored him. I would most willingly have sacrificed my life for him.'

Irish Dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan was born in Dublin, Ireland, on the October 30, 1751. He was the third son of Thomas and Frances Sheridan. During his first decade of life, his parents moved to London, and in 1762 he was sent to Harrow School. He went to live with his father in Bath, in 1868, after six years at Harrow School.

DEATH OF MOTHER (from RB Sheridan: A Life, by Linda Kelly):

The deathbed scene [Frances Sheridan] described [in her book "Sydney Biddulph"] was soon to be echoed in real life. In the autumn of 1766, hearing the news that an amnesty for insolvent debtors passed in England might extend to Ireland, Thomas Sheridan was preparing to go to Ireland [from Belois France] when his wife fell ill. She died a fortnight later. Thomas Sheridan was inconsolable. 'I have lost, what the world cannot repair,' he wrote to Samuel Whyte, 'a bosom friend, another self. My children have lost - oh! their loss is neither to be expressed, nor repaired. But the will of God be done.'

For Richard the loss of a mother from whom he had so often been absent, first in Ireland and then at school, must have been a stunning blow. Writing to Richard in his last sad years of drink and debt, his sister Alicia blamed many of his troubles on the lack of his mother's care and guidance in his youth. He was too young to indulge in the luxury of his father's effusions. His letter to his uncle on the matter was brief and stoic:

Dear Uncle - It is now almost a week since Mr. Somner told me the melancholy news of my poor mother's death; and as Mr. Somner has not heard what time my Father will be home, he desires me to write to you about mourning. I have wrote to Riley, who, with your orders, will make me a suit of Black. I should be obliged to you if you would let me know what time you expect my father.

You will excuse the shortness of this letter, as the subject is disagreeable. From your affectionate Nephew, R. B. Sheridan.

Despite his sorrow at his mother's death, Richard's final years at Harrow were happier than the first. He had been a solitary boy, recalling years later how he used to study in the fields alone, with a piece of dry bread and sausage for refreshment, washed down with water from a brook or pond. But as he went up the school and gained in confidence he began to make friends. His natural geniality and charm revealed themselves, and though he was considered by his masters as a very idle, careless boy, this did him no harm in his fellow pupils' eyes.

The learned Dr Parr, once described as a 'Whig Dr Johnson', was a young schoolmaster in Richard's last two years at Harrow, and a kindly influence in his life. In letters to his biographer Thomas Moore, he gives a sympathetic picture of his pupil, whom he remembered as inferior to many of his fellows in the ordinary business of the school, but with just sufficient industry to save him from disgrace.

'All the while,' he added, 'Sumner and myself saw in him the vestiges of a superior intellect. His eye, his countenance, his general manner were striking. His answers to any common question were prompt and acute. We knew the esteem, and even admiration, which, somehow or other, all his school fellows felt for him. He was mischievous enough, but his pranks were accompanied by a sort of vivacity and cheerfulness, which delighted Sumner and myself. I had much talk with him about his apple-loft, for the supply of which all the gardens in the neighbourhood were taxed and some of the lower boys were employed to furnish it. I threatened, but without much asperity, to trace the depredations, through his associates, up to their leader. He, with perfect good humour set me at defiance, and I never could bring the charge home to him.'

Richard left harrow in his seventeenth year, probably because there was no more money to cover his fees. He left behind his name, carved in the dark oak paneling of the Fourth Form Room, where it can still be seen, not far from that of Byron, who followed him thirty-eight years later. His early years at school had been unhappy, but he must have kept a pleasant memory of harrow, for he would later take a house there, a fine Georgian mansion called the Grove, with marvelous views from the top of the hill. When Dr Sumner died Sheridan is said to have mourned him like a father, and on his own father's death his first wish was to bury him in the churchyard at Harrow, where Robert Sumner was already buried. Though the plan did not materialize, it showed his affection for the place where he had spent his school days, and Harrow in its turn came to think of him with pride. In a letter to Thomas Moore, Byron recalled how in his time 'we used to show his name - R. B. Sheridan, 1765 - as an honour to the walls'.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan and Elizabeth Ann Linley eloped to France in March of 1772. The marriage ceremony was performed at Calais. Soon afterwards the couple were caught by the girl's father, Thomas Linley, and Sheridan was challenged to a duel by an earlier suitor. Sheridan was seriously wounded during the duel on July 2, 1772. He recovered and became a lawyer, and then Mr. Linley gave permission for the couple to marry.

THE DUELS (from "The Memoirs" by Thomas Moore):

Captain Mathews, a married man and intimate with Miss Linley's family, presuming upon the innocent familiarity which her youth and his own station permitted between them, had for some time not only rendered her remarkable by his indiscreet attentions in public, but had even persecuted her in private with those unlawful addresses and proposals, which a timid female will sometimes rather endure, than encounter that share of the shame, which may be reflected upon herself by their disclosure. To the threat of self-destruction, often tried with effect in these cases, he is said to have added the still more unmanly menace of ruining, at least, her reputation, if he could not undermine her virtue. Terrified by his perseverance, and dreading the consequences of her father's temper, if this violation of his confidence and hospitality were exposed to him, she at length confided her distresses to Richard Sheridan; who, having consulted with his sister, and, for the first time, disclosed to her the state of his heart with respect to Miss Linley, lost no time in expostulating with Mathews, upon the cruelty, libertinism, and fruitlessness of his pursuit.

In consequence of this persecution, and an increasing dislike to her profession ... she adopted, early in 1772, the romantic resolution of flying secretly to France and taking refuge in a convent,--intending, at the same time, to indemnify her father, to whom she was bound till the age of 21, by the surrender to him of part of the sum which Mr. Long had settled upon her. Sheridan, who, it is probable, had been the chief adviser of her flight, was, of course, not slow in offering to be the partner of it. His sister, whom he seems to have persuaded that his conduct in this affair arose solely from a wish to serve Miss Linley, as a friend, without any design or desire to take advantage of her elopement, as a lover, not only assisted them with money out of her little fund for house-expenses, but gave them letters of introduction to a family with whom she had been acquainted at St. Quentin. On the evening appointed for their departure,--while Mr. Linley, his eldest son, and Miss Maria Linley, were engaged at a concert, from which the young Cecilia herself had been, on a plea of illness, excused,--she was conveyed by Sheridan in a sedan-chair from her father's house in the Crescent, to a post-chaise which waited for them on the London road, and in which she found a woman whom her lover had hired, as a sort of protecting Minerva, to accompany them in their flight... They sailed from the port of London to Dunkirk...On their leaving Dunkirk, as was natural to expect, the chivalrous and disinterested protector degenerated into a mere selfish lover... she could not possibly appear in England again but as his wife he said, resolved not to deposit her in a convent till she had consented, by the ceremony of a marriage, to confirm to him that right of protecting her, which he had now but temporarily assumed. It did not, we may suppose, require much eloquence to convince her heart of the truth of this reasoning; and, accordingly, at a little village, not far from Calais, they were married about the latter end of March, 1772, by a priest well known for his services on such occasions.

They thence immediately proceeded to Lisle, where Miss Linley, as she must still be called, giving up her intention of going on to St. Quentin, procured an apartment in a convent, with the determination of remaining there, till Sheridan should have the means of supporting her as his acknowledged wife.

Sheridan was at this time little more than twenty, and his companion just entering her eighteenth year.

First Duel with Matthews:

May 1772? Capt Thomas Mathews, threatened at first to commit suicide if he could not have Elizabeth Linley; later, he reconsidered suicide and decided that it would be better to destroy her reputation. In order to protect Elizabeth, Sheridan eloped with her. Matthews became enraged when Sheridan blamed him for his mistreatment of Elizabeth, which led to two duels. Sheridan defeated Mathews in the first duel, could have killed him but refrained when Mathews agreed to apologize, later refusing, which lead to a second duel.

Second Duel with Matthews:

July 1, 1772 Bath at Kingsdown - Mathews gave Mr. Sheridan a skin-wound or two in the neck; he also beat him in the face either with his fist or the hilt of his sword; Sheridan gave Mr. Mathews a slight wound in the left part of his belly: Mathews then drew the point of his sword from the wound with which he had wounded Mr. Sheridan in the belly. Sheridan is much wounded, but whether mortally or not is yet uncertain. Both their swords breaking upon the first lunge. Mathews was only slightly wounded.

Sheridan recovered and, after qualifying as a lawyer, Mr. Linley gave permission for the couple to marry.

Sheridan began writing plays, and his first was a comedy, The Rivals, which was produced at Covent Garden on January 17, 1775. His second play, St. Patrick's Day, or the Scheming Lieutenant, was a lively farce first presented May 2, 1775. It was written for the benefit performance of Lawrence Cinch, who had succeeded as Sir Lucius. In November 1775, Sheridan produced the comic opera of The Duenna, with the assistance of his father-in-law.

Sheridan and his father-in-law purchased the Drury Lane Theatre for £35,000 in 1776. In 1777, Sheridan produced his most popular comedy, The School for Scandal. The Critic, another farce by Sheridan, was produced on October 29, 1779.

Sheridan entered parliament for Stafford in 1780. He was a friend and politacal ally of Charles James Fox, the leader of the Radical Whigs in the House of Commons. He decided to abandon his writing in favour of a political career, and his only play produced during the last thirty-six years of life was Pizarro, produced in 1799.

Sheridan was a strong critic of Britain's policies toward the American colonists, and supported the resistance by the colonists. From America, the Congress offered Sheridan a reward of £20,000 in appreciation for his support, but he declined the gift to avoid criticism for disloyalty to his country.

Sheridan was appointed under secretary for Foreign Affairs by the Marquis of Rockingham in 1782. He served as a secretary of the treasury in the Coalition ministry headed by William Pitt. Sheridan was instrumental in the impeachment of Warren Hastings. In 1794, he defended the French Revolution against its critics in the House of Commons. He was one of the few members who actively opposed the union of the English and Irish parliaments.

Death of Wife Elizabeth Linley in 1792:

It is evident, from the universal testimony of all who knew her, that there has seldom lived a sweeter, gentler, more tender or lovable human being. Wilkes said of her: "She is superior to all I have heard of her, and is the most modest, pleasing, and delicate flower I have seen for a long time." Dr. Parr said she was "quite celestial." Her loveliness in all its unspeakable grace is still with us in the portraits of her by Romney, Gainsborough, & Reynolds. Sheridan never ceased to adore her.

Sheridan lost his office when Henry Addington replaced William Pitt as Prime Minister. In 1806 Sheridan returned to the government as treasurer of the navy, when the Whigs came into power. However, he was defeated in the general election of 1807. He attempted to win back his old seat of Stafford in 1812, but he was unable to raise sufficient money and was defeated.

Sheridan had serious financial problems and was arrested for debt in August of 1813. Sheridan was only released when his wealthy friend, Samuel Whitbread paid his debt.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan died in poverty on July 7, 1816. He is buried in Poets Corner at Westminster Abbey. Sheridan had one son, Thomas, by his first marriage. Thomas lived from 1775 to 1817 and was a poet. Thomas Sheridan became colonial treasurer at the Cape of Good Hope. His wife, Caroline Henrietta Callander Sheridan lived from 1779 to 1851 and wrote three novels. Their eldest child, Helen Selena Sheridan lived from 1807 to 1867 and married Commander Price Blackwood, who later became Baron Dufferin. Helen's husband died in 1841, and in 1862 she married George Hay, Earl of Gifford, who died a month later. Their second daughter, Caroline Sheridan, became Mrs. Norton. Their youngest, Jane Georgina Sheridan, married Edward Adolphus Seymour, who became the 12th Duke of Somerset.

"Richard Brinsley Sheridan: A Life" by Linda Kelly (Faber & Faber - 2012):

George III preferred The Rivals to The School for Scandal; Sheridan liked the first act of The Critic best of all his writings for the stage. But in whichever order they are given they mark the high point of eighteenth-century comedy, their wit and brilliance undiminished after more than two hundred years.

The same qualities which have endeared Sheridan's plays to so many generations of audiences run through the story of his life. His wit illuminates it at every stage.

From the age of twenty-three, when The Rivals was first performed, Sheridan was a celebrity. No Irishman has ever conquered London so completely... Reckless, charming and unreliable, his character was full of contradictions... He rose above [his disadvantages] to become one of the greatest parliamentary orators of all time, ranking with Fox, Burke and Pitt and perhaps at times surpassing them. But politically he almost always swam against the stream, whether in his championship of Catholic emancipation, or his enthusiasm for then opening stages of the French Revolution.

The first biography of Sheridan, John Watkins's two-volume Memoirs of the Public and Private Life of the Right Honorable R. B. Sheridan, was published in 1817, the year after Sheridan's death, and was full of inaccuracies where Sheridan's personal life was concerned. Thomas Moore, the next biographer, drew so freely from it that he was later accused of using Watkin's work to save himself the trouble of reading the Parliamentary Debates.

The journal, edited by Lord John Russell and published between 1852 and 1856 by Longmans under the title Memoirs, Journal and Correspondence of Thomas Moore, has recently yielded new treasures. In 1867, Wilfred S. Dowden, Professor of English at Rice University discovered the original manuscript of the journal...

Of later nineteenth-century biographies, Sheridan, in the English Men of Letters by Mrs. Oliphant (1883), and The Lives of the Sheridans by Percy Fitzgerald (1886) are both more or less hostile to Sheridan.

[Other recent biographies are] Walter Sichel's monumental Sheridan (1909)... R. Compton Rhodes's Harlequin Sheridan (1933) ... James Morwood's The Life and Work of Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1985)... Stanley Ayling's Sheridan: A Portrait, published the same year...

Sheridan's comedies were all written by the time he was twenty-eight; his political career thereafter spanned more than thirty years... To Sheridan politics were always more important than the theatre. His parlimentary speeches run to five closely printed volumes, and even then stop short of the last four years of his career, from 1808 to 1812... We have to take accounts of their effect on trust, the tears and enthusiasm aroused by his speech on Warren Hastings, the pitiless invective which made Pitt's eyes start out of their sockets with defiance, as though ' f he advanced an atom further he would have his life'... It those that are reported verbatim we catch some of Sheridan's true qualities, the vigor of his arguments, the flash of his humor, his humanity and common sense. [They span] from the American War of Independence to the Napoleonic War.

... The Sheridans, or O'Sheridans as they were originally called, were one of the oldest families in Ireland: The earliest O'Sheridans were said to have arrived from Spain in the fifth or sixth century, founding an abbey on Trinity Island, in the archipelago of lakes and islands between the towns of Cavan and Killeshandra. A sketchy but more specific family tree, preserved in the Chief Herald's Office in Dublin, begins in 1013 with the marriage of Ostar O'Sheridan, of Togher Castel, owning 'many great possessions in the County Cavan...., to the daughter of the O'Rourke, Prince of Leitrim. It continues unhampered by further dates, with the names of other Gaelic chieftains with whom the Sheridans intermarried; the Princes of Sligo, Longford, Cavan, Tyrone and the O'Conor Don - a remote but glorious roll-call which remained a source of pride to their descendants. In convivial moments Richard Brinsley liked to boast of his family's ancient, indeed princely origins.

By the end of the seventeenth century the Sheridans' estates, like the princedoms, had dwindled away. But as Sheridan's niece Alicia LeFanu maintained proudly in her life of her mother, Mrs. Frances Sheridan, they still held their rank amoungst the respectable gentry of Cavan, and, having converted from Catholicism earlier in the century, belonged to what was later called Protestant Ascendancy. Politically their loyalties were mixed, a few remaining faithful to the Catholic James II at the time of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. One member of the family, Thomas Sheridan, formerly Secretary for Ireland, followed the king into exile as his private secretary; his brother William, Bishop of Kilmore, was deprived of his see from refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William III.

[Richard Brinsley] Sheridan's grandfather, Dr. Thomas Sheridan, is described as a 'near relation' of these two, probably a first cousin once removed. He was a scholarly, unworldly man, uninterested in politics, but with a strain of quixotry in his character that echoed theirs. 'You cannot make him a greater compliment,' remarked Dean Swift, 'than by telling him before his face... how careless he was in anything relating to his own interests or fortune.' It was a characteristic his grandson would inherit.

Richard brinsley Sheridan's maternal grandfather held eccentric views on women's education, disapproving of teaching them to read or write, but Richard's mother, Frances Chamberlaine, was taught in secret by her brothers and proved so apt a pupil that she wrote a two-volume novel, Eugenia and Adelaide, .. when she was only fifteen.

GENEALOGY: SHERIDAN RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN MINIATURE OWNED BY O. LADY

By Marion Salley

Times and Democrat, Feb. 20, 1934 (from the News and Courier). Provided by Chuck H. Spell

Orangeburg, Feb. 17. - Special: A miniature of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, English dramatist and statesman, which was presented by him to an American cousin is now a cherished possession of an Orangeburg lady, the cousin's granddaughter. Only the diamonds which studded its gold frame are missing.

During the latter part of the eighteenth century, and the first years of the nineteenth, there lived in the state of Pennsylvania Dr. Hugo Grotius Sheridan, a first cousin of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and later this Dr. Sheridan came south and eventually settled in the low-country of South Carolina.

The father and mother of Dr. Sheridan had come to Pennsylvania from Ireland, and Hugo G. Sheridan was born in Philadelphia in 1768. At the age of nine, family records say, he, with several other boys, was sent to carry communications to General Washington at Valley Forge, probably because such youngsters were not likely to be suspected by the enemy. When Hugo Sheridan grew older he was sent to Europe to be educated, and first attended the University of Dublin, then received his medical degree in Germany. It was said that he could speak seven languages with ease.

Visits in England

Some time prior to the beginning of the War of 1812, Dr. Sheridan went to visit his relatives in England, and while there, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, then in the hay-day of his fame, presented him with the miniature which was set in a gold frame studded with diamonds.

But the English, as history tells us, had begun seizing American citizens and impressing them into the British navy, and Dr. Sheridan did not escape their clutches. While in England, he was arrested and it was the famous cousin who came to the rescue and furnished the proof that he was a native-born American.

All of this took time, and funds, and when he was finally released and allowed to return, Dr. Sheridan found himself without money with which to pay his passage across the Atlantic. The diamonds were removed from the frame of the miniature and sold, for by this time Richard Brinsley Sheridan had likewise experiences a "depression" and could not assist with the needed transportation funds.

Married Three Times

On April 27, 1812, Dr. Sheridan, then probably on his way home, helped a distressed sailor from Boston, who had deserted from a British ship. This man had been impressed into service on the "Little Belt" and was on board that ship when she was given a drubbing by the American frigate "President."

Evidently travel by sea, even in those days when they had to go on slow sailing vessels had no terrors for Dr. Sheridan, for he, with a brother, made one trip to far-off Australia during his career. He was three times married, and after the death of his first wife, he left Pennsylvania and came to Savannah, where he practiced for a time, later moving to Green Pond, South Carolina.

In the meantime, he had married a second wife, and when she also passed on, he married a third. It was a son of this third marriage, Hugo G. Sheridan, Jr. who came to Orangeburg and founded the "Sheridan Classical Institute" which flourished here fifty years ago. Here now live three daughters and a number of grandchildren of Professor Sheridan.

The stories of the travels and experiences of Dr. Hugo Grotius Sheridan were recorded in a number of diaries, telling of how he visited and treated various patients, were inherited by his grandsons, who followed his profession, and other descendants preserved other diaries. Dr. Sheridan died in 1863, one of the best-educated country doctors who ever practiced in this state.

The exquisite miniature of his cousin who is best remembered as the writer of "The Rivals" and "The School for Scandal," is a treasured relic of his granddaughter, Mrs. Georgia Sheridan Sims.

Family Members Parents Photo Thomas Sheridan 1719–1788

Photo Frances Chamberlaine Sheridan 1724–1766

Spouses Photo Elizabeth Ann Linley Sheridan 1754–1792 (m. 1773)

Photo Esther Jane Ogle Sheridan 1776–1817 (m. 1795)

Siblings Thomas Joseph Sheridan 1747–1750

Photo Charles Francis Sheridan 1750–1806

Alicia Elizabeth Sheridan Lefanu 1753–1817

Sackville Sheridan 1754–1754

Anne Elizabeth Sheridan LeFanu 1758 – unknown

Children John Sheridan

Thomas Sheridan 1775–1817

Mary Sheridan 1792–1792

Photo Charles Brinsley Sheridan 1796–1843

Inscription Richard Brinsley Sheridan, statesman, dramatist and wit, was buried in Poets' Corner, near the grave of David Garrick. The inscription on his black marble gravestone, re-cut in 1956 but now rather faint, reads:

"RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN BORN 1751 DIED 7th JULY 1816. THIS MARBLE IS THE TRIBUTE OF HIS ATTACHED FRIEND PETER MOORE".

The funeral procession made its way to the Abbey from Mr Moore's house in Great George Street, Westminster and many dukes and nobles attended. Richard was born in Dublin, a son of Thomas Sheridan, actor, and his wife Frances (Chamberlaine), novelist. His parents took Richard and his sister Alicia to live in Windsor and he attended Harrow School. In 1773 he married Eliza Linley, a singer. Richard gave up the study of law to try writing and his comedy The Rivals was performed in 1775 and he had a controlling share in the Drury Lane theatre. The School for Scandal was another popular work. Sheridan became interested in politics and was Member of Parliament for Stafford and later secretary to the Treasury. He was known as a brilliant orator. Eliza died in 1792. Their son was Thomas and Eliza's illegitimate daughter Mary was treated as a Sheridan. In 1795 Richard married Hester Ogle and they had a son called Charles. Richard's great granddaughter Marcia Caroline Sheridan married Francis Thynne, son of Lord John Thynne, Sub-Dean of Westminster, in the Abbey on 30 June 1864.

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