Richard de Normandie

Medilands (29 Oct 2021) England, Kings 1066-1837 Chapter 1.

2. RICHARD de Normandie (Normandy [1054 or 1056]-1075 or 1081, bur Winchester Cathedral).
Guillaume of Jumièges records that Duke Guillaume and his wife “Balduinum Flandriæ comitem...filiam regali ex genere >descendente...Mathilde” had “filios quatuor Robertum...Willelmum...Richardum...et Henricum ”, adding that Richard died “iuvenis ”[44].
Orderic Vitalis names “Rotbertum...et Ricardum, Willermum et Henricum” as the sons of “Willermus Normanniæ dux ” and his wife “Mathildem Balduini ducis Flandrensium filiam, neptem...ex sorore Henrici regis Francorum ”[45].
William of Malmesbury records that he was the second son of King William I[46].
"The next-born after Robert" according to Orderic Vitalis[47] who, from the context of this passage appears to be taking into account daughters as well as sons in his list of the king's children although, critically for deciding the birth order of the older children, he omits Cecilia in this section.
"Roberti filii sui Normannorum comitis, Richardi filii sui…" subscribed the charter dated Apr 1067 under which "Willelmus…dux Normannorum…Anglorum rex" confirmed rights to the abbey of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire[48].
Duc de Bernay, in Normandy.
According to William of Malmesbury, he "contracted a disorder from a stream of foul air while hunting deer in the New Forest"[49].
Florence of Worcester records that "Willelmi iunioris germanus Ricardus" was killed in the New Forest long before, when recording the death of his brother King William II[50].
Orderic Vitalis recounts that "when a youth who had not yet received the belt of knighthood, had gone hunting in the New Forest and whilst he was galloping in pursuit of a wild beast, he had been badly crushed between a strong hazel branch and the pommel of his saddle, and mortally injured" dying soon after[51].
Guillaume de Jumièges records a similar, but less specific, story, saying that Richard was hunting, knocked himself against a tree, fell ill and died from his injury[52].

Wikipédia français (8 déc 2020) Richard de Normandie (fils de Guillaume le Conquérant)

FR: Richard de Normandie, né vers 1054 et mort entre 1069 et 1075, est le deuxième fils de Guillaume le Conquérant, roi d'Angleterre et duc de Normandie, et de son épouse Mathilde de Flandre.
EN: Richard of Normandy, born around 1054 and died between 1069 and 1075, is the second son of William the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, and his wife Mathilde of Flanders.

Biographie

Origines et jeunesse
FR: Selon les chroniqueurs anglo-normands des xie et xiie siècles, notamment Guillaume de Jumièges, Guillaume de Malmesbury et Orderic Vital, ainsi que le chroniqueur du xiiie siècle Matthieu Paris, Richard, né vers 1054, est le deuxième fils de Guillaume II, alors duc de Normandie et qui deviendra roi d'Angleterre en 1066, et de son épouse Mathilde de Flandre, fille de Baudouin V, comte de Flandre, et d'Adèle de France, elle-même fille de Robert II le Pieux, roi des Francs. De ce fait, Richard se trouve ainsi être le petit-neveu d'Henri Ier, roi des Francs, et un cousin germain éloigné au premier degré de son fils et successeur Philippe Ier.
EN: According to 11th and 12th century Anglo-Norman chroniclers, including Guillaume de Jumièges, Guillaume de Malmesbury and Orderic Vital, as well as the 13th century chronicler Matthieu Paris, Richard, born around 1054, was the second son of William II, then Duke of Normandy and who would become King of England in 1066, and his wife Mathilde of Flanders, daughter of Baudouin V, Count of Flanders, and Adele of France, herself daughter of Robert II the Pious, King of the Franks. As a result, Richard thus happens to be the great-nephew of Henry I, King of the Franks, and a distant first cousin of his son and successor Philip I.
FR: Même si son frère aîné Robert Courteheuse est désigné dès 1063 comme successeur de leur père, Richard n'est pas négligé par son père, qui semble lui montrer beaucoup d'affection. Ainsi, il est mentionné dans un document du recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, daté de 10671 : dans celui-ci, Guillaume le Conquérant, confirme aux moines de la même abbaye une donation faite par son oncle Richard III, confirmée une première fois par son père Robert Ier et contresignée présentement par son épouse Mathilde et ses fils Robert et Richard. Par ailleurs, Guillaume de Malmesbury et Matthieu Paris dressent un portrait positif et prometteur de Richard. Toutefois, Richard n'a jamais porté le titre de duc de Bernay, qui constitue l'une des possessions continentales de son père : cette erreur provient d'une interprétation erronée d'une inscription du xvie siècle sur sa tombe2.
EN: Even if his older brother Robert Courteheuse was designated as their father's successor in 1063, Richard was not neglected by his father, who seemed to show him a great deal of affection. Thus, it is mentioned in a document of the collection of charters of the abbey of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, dated 10671: in this one, William the Conqueror, confirms to the monks of the same abbey a donation made by his uncle Richard III, confirmed for the first time by his father Robert I and currently countersigned by his wife Mathilde and his sons Robert and Richard. In addition, Guillaume de Malmesbury and Matthieu Paris paint a positive and promising portrait of Richard. However, Richard never bore the title of Duke of Bernay, which constituted one of his father's continental possessions: this error stems from an erroneous interpretation of a sixteenth-century inscription on his tomb2.

Mort

FR: À une date inconnue située entre 1069 et 1075, alors qu'il n'est âgé tout au plus que d'une vingtaine d'années et que, selon Orderic Vital, il n'a pas encore été fait chevalier, Richard de Normandie meurt subitement au cours d'une partie de chasse tenue dans la New Forest, située dans le comté d'Hampshire, en Angleterre. Richard est peu après inhumé dans la cathédrale de Winchester. Sa mort subite bouleverse les projets politiques de son père Guillaume le Conquérant : ce dernier rappelle à ses côtés son troisième fils Guillaume le Roux, qu'il destinait peut-être à une carrière ecclésiastique et qui le remplacera finalement sur le trône d'Angleterre à la suite de sa propre mort en 1087. L'ironie du sort veut que son neveu Richard, bâtard de son frère aîné Robert Courteheuse, et que son frère cadet Guillaume le Roux trouvent respectivement la mort dans cette même forêt dans des circonstances étrangement similaires en mai 1099 et août 1100.
EN: On an unknown date between 1069 and 1075, when he was no more than twenty years old and, according to Orderic Vital, he had not yet been knighted, Richard of Normandy died. suddenly during a hunting party held in the New Forest, located in the county of Hampshire, England. Richard is shortly afterwards buried in Winchester Cathedral. His sudden death disrupts the political projects of his father William the Conqueror: the latter recalls to his side his third son Guillaume le Roux, whom he perhaps intended for an ecclesiastical career and who will eventually replace him on the throne of England in following his own death in 1087. Ironically, his nephew Richard, bastard son of his older brother Robert Courteheuse, and his younger brother Guillaume le Roux respectively died in this same forest in strangely similar circumstances in May 1099 and August 1100.
FR: De ce fait, la disparition de Richard vient rapidement alimenter de nombreuses rumeurs, corroborées au xiie siècle par les chroniqueurs anglo-normands qui dépeignent sévèrement le règne de son frère cadet Guillaume le Roux. Pour leur part, Guillaume de Malmesbury, Guillaume de Jumièges et la chronique Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon supposent que la mort de Richard est une punition divine infligée en représailles des destructions de villages et d'églises ordonnées par Guillaume le Conquérant dans les environs1. Guillaume de Malmesbury laisse entendre que Richard perd la vie pendant qu'il chasse le cerf en contractant un trouble, causé par l'air infecté ; Matthieu Paris, Guillaume de Jumièges et Orderic Vital rapportent quant à eux que Richard, alors qu'il poursuit un animal à cheval, est gravement écrasé entre une solide branche de noyer et la pomme de sa selle, souffrant de blessures mortelles auxquelles il succombe finalement.
EN: As a result, Richard's disappearance quickly fueled many rumours, corroborated in the twelfth century by Anglo-Norman chroniclers who harshly portrayed the reign of his younger brother Guillaume le Roux. For their part, Guillaume de Malmesbury, Guillaume de Jumièges and the chronicle Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon suppose that the death of Richard is a divine punishment inflicted in retaliation for the destruction of villages and churches ordered by William the Conqueror in the surroundings1. William of Malmesbury implies that Richard loses his life while hunting deer by contracting a disorder, caused by infected air; Matthieu Paris, Guillaume de Jumièges and Orderic Vital report that Richard, while chasing an animal on horseback, was seriously crushed between a solid walnut branch and the apple of his saddle, suffering fatal injuries to which he finally succumbed. .

Automated Translation to Englsih. Pour les références et la bibliographie, cliquez sur l'hyperlien ci-dessus.

enWikipedia (13 Apr 2022) Richard (son of William the Conqueror

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