Sa Ma Chu Rach 'Fred' Collins

Fred was a Ute man of the Mountain Ute Tribe (aka the Weenuche Band of Ute Nation)

Ute, Mountain Ute Tribe Reservation

The tribe is descended from the Weeminuche Band, who moved to the Southern Ute reservation in 1897. The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe is the Weenuche band of the Ute Nation of Indians. The two other bands, the Mouache and the Capote became the Southern Ute Tribe. The Northern Ute Bands (the Uncompahgre band, the Grand River band, the Yampa band, and the Uinta band) are located on the Uinta ­ Ouray Reservation near Vernal, Utah. The Weenuche Band inhabited the land along the western flank of the Rocky Mountains in the area of the present states of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. Weenuche lands extended north of the San Juan River in what is now New Mexico and Utah to the San Miguel River in Colorado and the La Sal Mountains in Utah (Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, 1985). The Continental Divide bounded their eastern range, and the Abajo Mountains in Utah marked their western boundary. These lines were vague in definite limits and bands of Utes and other tribes shared border areas. The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe practices Shamanism, a religion based on healing and nature. Shamans perform healing through dance and songs that are learned through dreams. Both men and women practice Shamanism in Ute culture.

Wickiups, conical-shape dwellings used by the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe of southwestern Colorado, are still in use for ceremonial purposes. This photo shows a leaner Ute tipi from the 1870-1880s. (Photo courtesy of Curtis Martin, Dominguez Archaeological Research Group)

Biography:

Born in c. 1898 to parents Mountain Sheep 'John' Collins and his wife a-Qua 'Blanche' Collins, probably on the Mountain Ute Reservation. He is indicated on the 1916 census as being "insane".

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Fred was admitted to the Canton Asylum on January 3, 1916. There is no diagnosis on record.

Fred died there on May 30, 1919, at age 21, and was buried on June 4, 1919. According to Dr. L.L. Culp's letter dated February 23, 1934, in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery tier 1 plot 81.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:

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Sources:

1914 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QGKV-55TF : Fri Oct 06 01:58:46 UTC 2023), Entry for Fred Collins, 1914, pg. 140/683, line 94-99, census of the Southern Ute Indians, Navajo Springs Agency, Colo.

1915 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WS35-GHMM : Fri Oct 06 07:37:40 UTC 2023), Entry for Sa Ma Chu Rats, 1915, pg. 15/295, line 100-106, census on the Ute Indians, Mountain Ute Agency, Colo.

1916 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WSQJ-TR6Z : Thu Oct 05 22:06:53 UTC 2023), Entry for Fred Collins (Insane), 1916, pg. 45/295, line 106-112, census on the Ute Indians, Mountain Ute Agency, Colo.

1917 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WS36-8XZM : Fri Oct 06 17:35:32 UTC 2023), Entry for Fred Collins (Insane), 1917, pg. 75/29+5, line 101-109, census on the Ute Indians, Mountain Ute Agency, Colo.

1917 Sep 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=774, line 9, Quarterly School Report Physicians Certificate

1918 Jan 22 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=879, line 8, Canton ASylum 1918 male census

1918 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WS3X-1SW2 : Fri Oct 06 00:12:52 UTC 2023), Entry for Fred Collins (Insane), 1918, pg. 104/295, line 101-106, census of the Ute Indians, Ute Mountain Agency, Colo.

1918 Sep 12 - "United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K6Z6-67L : 24 December 2021), Fred Collins, 1917-1918.

1918 Sep 12 - "United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9YB9-S55G?cc=1968530&w... : 24 August 2019), South Dakota > Indians, Prisoners, Insane, In Hospitals, Late Registrants; A-Z > image 1108 of 1143; citing NARA microfilm publication M1509 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), pg. 1108/1143

1919 May 30 - "South Dakota, Grave Registration Records, 1940-1941", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:CYZL-R12M : Fri Dec 15 10:51:28 UTC 2023), Entry for Fred Collins, no image

1919 Jun 4 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493988/fred-collins: accessed 31 January 2024), memorial page for Fred Collins (unknown–4 Jun 1919), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493988, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Herbert Iron 5-20-19 · '''Fred Collins 6-4-19''' · John Coal Of Fire 6-20-19