Sci-ri-ti-wa-na 'Howling Wolf'

Howling Wolf was an Arickeree (Arikara) man of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation (aka the Three Affiliated Tribes)

The Arickaree are also known as the Sahnish, Arikaree, Ree, or Hundi. The Arikara were culturally related to the Pawnee, from whom they broke away and moved gradually northward, becoming the northernmost Caddoan speaking people.

Arikara, Hidatsa and Mandan Indian territory, 1851. Like-a-Fishhook Village, Fort Berthold I and II and military post Fort Buford, North Dakota. The village was outside the treaty territory.
Source: Wikipedia contributors. "Like-a-Fishhook Village." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 Feb. 2024. Web. 19 May. 2024.

Earth lodge dwelling of the Plains tribes of North America, photograph by Edward S. Curtis, c. 1908.
Edward S. Curtis Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (neg. no. LC-USZ62-114582)

Like-a-Fishook Village was founded eight years after a disastrous epidemic of smallpox in 1837 in 1845. The numbers of the dissident Mandan in the region had been reduced to approximately 125; the population of the Hidatsa was also affected, though not as severely. These Mandan and Hidatsa bands were later joined by the Arikara 18 years after the village was constructed, in 1863. The village, consisting of earthen lodges and log cabins, was abandoned in the mid-1880s.

Source: National Park Service - National Park Service: http://www.nps.gov/knri/historyculture/hidatsa-village.htm, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36686683

Biography:
Howling Wolf was born c. 1852 in North Dakota, where exactly is unknown, his parents are also unknown but both were reported as Arickara. He married Sa-ne-ta-ka White Owl Woman #3 (added by early census takers for clarity) and had a son and three daughters with her. The family lived on the Hidatsa (Gros Ventres of the Missouri), Arickaree, and Mandan Reservation (aka the Three Affiliated Tribes) at Fort Berthold, North Dakota.

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Howling Wolf was committed from the Fort Berthold School on June 9, 1910, and diagnosed with an unknown ailment, documents state that the diagnosis was "reserved".

In the letter dated February 17, 1934, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Dr. L.L. Culp advises that Howling Wolf was committed from Ft. Berthold, North Dakota, and died at the Canton Asylum on March 30, 1911, and was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery tier 4 plot 29.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-Howling Wolf and his family are NOT shown in Fort Berthold, ND census reports before 1891.
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Sources:

1891 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n145/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 142/668, line 123 (age 33), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1893 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n228/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 229/668, line 109 (age 37), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1895 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n269/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 270/668, line 94 (age 38), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1896 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n323/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 324/668, line 93 (age 39), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1897 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n395/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 396/668, line 125 (age 40), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1898 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n456/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 457/668, line 125 (age 41), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1899 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n476/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 477/668, line 114 (age 42), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1900 Jun 6 - "United States Census, 1900", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MSTD-XLN : Thu Apr 11 19:26:45 UTC 2024), Entry for Howling Wolf and White Calf Woman, 1900, pg. 662/714, line 5, census of the Ft. Berthold Agency, McLean County, North Dakota

1900 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n527/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 528/668, line 107 (age 43), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1901 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n577/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 578/668, line 110 (age 44), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1902 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll132unit/page/n626/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 627/668, line 107 (age 45), census of the Arickara, Grosventres, Mandan Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, North Dakota

1903 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n39/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 40/597, line 104 (age 45), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D

1904 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n86/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 87/597, line 103 (age 46), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1905 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n133/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 134/597, line 98 (age 47), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1906 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n149/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 150/597, line 100 (age 48), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1907 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n228/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 229/597, line 98 (age 49), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1908 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n244/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 245/597, line 93 (age 50), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1909 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n293/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 294/597, line 92 (age 51), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1910 Apr 16 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MLPM-MLF : Sat Mar 09 06:36:56 UTC 2024), Entry for John P Young and Etta Young, 1910, pg. 182/1431. line 24 (age 53 divorced), census of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, McLean County, North Dakota

1910 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n341/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 342/597, line 87 (age 52), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1910 Aug 12 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=676, line 120, Table 7 Form of mental disease of those admitted since opening of Asylum

1911 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll133unit/page/n390/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 391/597, line xx (died, Mary is single), census of the Arickara Indians, Fort Berthold Agency, N.D.

1911 Mar 30 - Image from South Dakota Death Index @ Ancestry.com to which I do not have access, taken from FaG, confirms the correct date of death but misspells the person's name!

1911 Mar 30 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493863/howling-wolf: accessed May 18, 2024), memorial page for Howling Wolf (unknown–30 Mar 1911), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493863, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

1911 Mar 30 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Red Cloud 12-7-10 · Howling Wolf 3-30-11 · Antone 4-4-12