Sir John Danvers, MP and Regicide

Sir John Danvers (1588–1655) was an English courtier and politician. He was one of the signatories of the death warrant of Charles I.

In his youth, he travelled through France and Italy, developing sophisticated tastes in gardening and architecture, which he indulged at his house in Chelsea. Danvers was knighted by James I of England; and under Charles I became a gentleman of the privy chamber. He sat as a Member of Parliament for Oxford University from 1625 to 1639.

He was engaged in mercantile transactions, and in 1624 he learned that the government were contemplating a seizure of the papers of the Virginia Company. With the aid of Edward Collingwood, the secretary, he had the whole of the records copied out and entrusted them to the care of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, a family friend, who deposited them at his house at Titchfield, Hampshire.

Danvers fell into debt, and from 1630 to 1640 was apparently struggling with creditors. About 1640 he began an active political career in opposition to the king. He refused to contribute to the expenses of the king's expedition to Scotland in 1639, and was returned to the Short parliament by Oxford University. In 1642 he took up arms for the parliament, and was granted a colonel's commission, but did not play a prominent part in military affairs. He gives an account of the opening incidents of the war in letters written to friends from Chelsea in July and August 1642.

He was ordered by the parliament to receive the Dutch ambassadors late in 1644, and on 10 October 1645 was returned to the house as member for Malmesbury in the place of Anthony Hungerford, disabled to sit. He took little part in the proceedings of the house, but was appointed a member of the commission nominated to try the king in January 1649. He was only twice absent from the meetings of the commission, and signed the death-warrant. In February of the same year Danvers was given a seat on the council of state, which he retained till the council's dissolution in 1653. He died at his house at Chelsea in April 1655, and was buried at Dauntsey. His name was in the Act of Attainder passed at the Restoration.

At a young age Danvers acquired a fine garden and house at Chelsea: the former he furnished sumptuously and curiously, and the latter he laid out after the Italian manner. ' 'Twas Sir John Danvers of Chelsey,' John Aubrey writes,' who first taught us the way of Italian gardens.' His house, called Danvers House, adjoined the mansion, once the home of Sir Thomas More, which was known in the seventeenth century as Buckingham and also as Beaufort House.[1] Danvers House was pulled down in 1696 to make room for Danvers Street, therefore named after him.

Through his second marriage he came into possession of the estate of Lavington, Wiltshire, where he laid out gardens elaborately. [edit] Marriages and family

He was third and youngest son of Sir John Danvers of Dauntsey, Wiltshire, by Elizabeth Danvers. His elder brothers were Charles Danvers and Henry Danvers.

In 1608 he married Magdalen Herbert, widow of Richard Herbert, and mother of ten children, including George Herbert the poet, and Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. She died in 1627. On 10 July 1628, a year after the death of his first wife, Danvers, then aged 40, married Elizabeth (b. 1604), daughter of the late Ambrose Dauntsey, and granddaughter of Sir John Dauntsey. He lost his second wife, by whom he had several children, on 9 July 1636. Danvers married a third time at Chelsea, on 6 January 1649, his wife being Grace Hewett, and he had by her a son, John (b. 10 August 1650).

His family by his second wife consisted of Henry (b. 5 December 1633), who inherited much of his uncle Henry's property, and died before his father in November 1654, when Thomas Fuller is stated to have preached the funeral sermon; Charles, who died in infancy; Elizabeth (b. 1 May 1629), who married Robert Danvers, self-styled Viscount Purbeck; and Mary, who died in infancy.

His brother Henry, who became Lord Danby was a royalist, and died early in 1644; he left his property to his sister Lady Gargrave. Still in pecuniary difficulties, Danvers resisted this disposition of his brother's property, and his influence with the parliamentary majority led the House of Commons to pass a resolution declaring that he had been deprived of his brother's estate 'for his affection and adhering to the parliament' (14 June 1644), and that Danvers's eldest son Henry was entitled to the property. The son Henry bequeathed the estate in his power to his niece Ann (his sister Elizabeth's daughter), who married Sir Henry Lee 3rd Baron of the Lee Baronets of Ditchley in 1655, and had a daughter, Eleanor, wife of James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon. Lord Abingdon thus ultimately came into possession of the property at Chelsea.

A a family history owing its origin to a knight of the Cotentin, who fought under the Norman Duke at the battle of Hastings. Nor is the stout volume, of 550 pages, filled with the mere pedigree records of the Danvers family, but those pages are rendered doubly interesting by the account of the alliances of the Family, and of the places where they were seated. It is not until 1487 when John Danvers (second son of Richard Danvers of Prestcote in Oxfordshire) married Ann Stradling, and thus became possessed of the estates of the Daunteseys of Dauntesey that their connection with Wiltshire may be said to have commenced.

The Manor of Dauntesey, thus obtained, remained in the family until the death in 1655 of Sir John Danvers, the Regicide, he having previously married the heiress of the Daunteseys of West Lavington, the greater part of whose estates descended to the Earl of Abingdon, who died at the close of the seventeenth century. In the far too short account of the branches at Baynton, Tockenham and Corsham in the concluding chapter, we learn that the first owes its origin to the marriage (1540-50) of Henry Danvers with Joan Lamb of Coulston, the second was founded by John, fourth son of Dame Anne Danvers (formerly Stradling), who left him her farm at Tockenham, and the third, apparently, by John (son of the founder of the Tockenham branch) who married Susan Ayliffe in 1611.

References

• https://archive.org/details/wiltshirenotesqu01deviuoft/ Page 576 “Memorials of the Danvers Family (of Dauntsey and Culworth): Their Ancestors ...” By Francis Nottidge MacNamara. Page 282. GoogleBooks
• *Gaisford, John (2015) Capital in the countryside: social change in West Wiltshire, 1530-1680. PhD thesis, Birkbeck, University of London. Page 299. PDF Pedigree 6: Danvers of Dauntsey.