Tahmasp II Safavi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahmasp_II

Third son of Shah Hussain Safavi, he is the prince whose servant Nadir Qholi Afshar became and Nadir's rise to power might be attributed to the Ghilzai invasion ( Tahmasp's father was decapitated by Ashraf Ghilzai) and the awful challenge it presented.

Tahmasp Mirza was the third son of Sultan Husayn, the Shah of Iran at the time. When Husayn was forced to abdicate by the Afghans in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne. From the besieged Safavid capital, Isfahan, he fled to Tabriz where he established a government. He gained the support of the Sunni Muslims of the Caucasus (even that of the previously rebellious Lezgins), as well as several Qizilbash tribes (including the Afshars, under the control of Iran's future ruler, Nader Shah).

Russo-Persian War Main article: Russo-Persian War (1722-1723) In June 1722, Peter the Great, the then tsar of the neighbouring Russian Empire, declared war on Safavid Iran in an attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.

The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Irans' cession of their territories in the Northern, Southern Caucasus and contemporary mainland Northern Iran, comprising the cities of Derbent (southern Dagestan) and Baku and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Shirvan, Mazandaran, and Astrabad to Russia per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723).

Tahmasp also eventually gained the recognition of both the Ottoman Empire and Russia, each worried about the other gaining too much influence in Iran.

By 1729, Tahmasp had control of most of the country. Quickly after his foolhardy Ottoman campaign of 1731, he was deposed by the future Nader Shah in 1732 in favor of his son, Abbas III; both were murdered at Sabzevar in 1740 by Nader Shah's eldest son Reza-qoli Mirza.

[On the other side of the theatre, Nader joined forces with Sultan Husayn's son Tahmasp II and led the resistance against the Ghilzai Afghans, driving their leader Ashraf Khan [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Hotak easily out of the capital in 1729 and establishing Tahmasp on the throne. Nader fought to regain the lands lost to the Ottomans and Russians and to restore Iranian hegemony in Iran. While he was away in the east fighting the Ghilzais, Tahmasp allowed the Ottomans to retake territory in the west. Nader, displeased, had Tahmasp deposed in favour of his baby son Abbas III in 1732. Four years later, after he had recaptured most of the lost Persian lands, Nader felt confident enough to have himself proclaimed shah in his own right at a ceremony on the Moghan Plain.]

At the end of this same February 1740), Tahmasp II, Abbas III and his brother

Ismail were put to death in Sabzavar, where the Safavid prisoners had been gathered for this purpose. [page 41 The Cambridge History of Iran, volume 7, Nadir Shah (1736-1747)]

1722 – 1726 and 1729 – 1732 H.M. Zillu’llah ‘Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Tahmasp Shah II bin Shah Sultan Husain al-Safawi al-Husaini al-Musavi Bahadur Khan, Sahib-i-Qiran, Shahanshah of Persia. b. ca. 1704, third son of H.M. Al-Sultan al-‘Adil al-Kamil al-Hadi al-Wathiq ‘Abu’l Muzaffar al-Sultan bar al-Sultan Shah Sultan Husain Padshah Khan bin Shah Sulaiman al-Husaini al-Musavi al-Safawi Bahadur Khan, Sahib-i-Qiran, Shahanshah of Persia, educ. privately. Proclaimed as Heir Apparent with the title of Vali Ahad, 26th March 1722. Escaped to Isfahan during the Afghan siege, 7th June 1722. Proclaimed at Qazvin, 24th November 1722. Defeated by the Afghans and driven to Tabriz in 1725, forced out by the Turks to Teheran, defeated again by the Afghans and expelled from that city to Mazandaran, December 1725. Captured Mashhad with the aid of Nadir Quli Beg-e Afshar, 11th December 1726. Recaptured Isfahan and was Crowned there, December 1729. Deposed by Nadir Shah, 2nd September 1732. m. several wives, including Shahpuri Begum, widow of Mirza Muhammad Husain al-Husaini al-Marashi, and granddaughter of H.M. ‘Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Sulaiman Safi II, Shahanshah of Persia. He was k. on the orders of Nadir Shah, at Sabzavar, together with his sons, February 1740 (bur. Mashhad), having had issue, three sons and one daughter:Copyright© Christopher BuyersCopyright© 1) H.R.H. Prince (Shahzada) Alqas Mirza. He d.v.p. before 1732. 2) H.R.H. Prince (Shahzada) ‘Abbas Mirza, who succeeded as H.M. Zill-u'llah ‘Abu’l Muzaffar Shah ‘Abbas III bin Shah Tahmasp II al-Safawi al-Husaini al-Musavi Bahadur Khan, Sahib-i-Qiran, Shahanshah of Persia – see below. 3) H.R.H. Prince (Shahzada) Ismail Mirza. He was k. at Sabzavar, together with his father and brother, on the orders of Nadir Shah, February 1740 (bur. Mashhad). 1) H.R.H. Princess (Shahzadi ‘Alamiyan) ‘Ismat un-nisa. m. her cousin, Nawab Sayyid Ahmad Mirza (d. at Isfahan, before 3rd March 1775 or 1188), elder son of Mirza Sayyid Murtaza Khalifa Sultani, by his wife, Princess Maryam Begum, daughter of H.M. Al-Sultan al-‘Adil al-Kamil al-Hadi al-Wathiq ‘Abu’l Muzaffar al-Sultan bar al-Sultan Shah Sultan Husain Padshah Khan bin Shah Sulaiman al-Husaini al-Musavi al-Safawi Bahadur Khan, Sahib-i-Qiran, Shahanshah of Persia. She d. before 14th March 1774 –