Trucha

Trucha was a Jicarilla Apache man

Apachean tribes ca. 18th century: WA – Western Apache, N – Navajo, Ch – Chiricahua, M – Mescalero, J – Jicarilla, L – Lipan, Pl – Plains Apache
Wikipedia contributors. "Jicarilla Apache." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 31 Mar. 2024. Web. 13 May. 2024.

Garcia, Todd Bailey Bernadette. “A Change of Fortune for Jicarilla Apaches.” Santa Fe New Mexican, 8 Mar. 2008, www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/a-change-of-fortune-for-jicarilla-apaches/article_a869699b-05d4-521a-9398-8ce92d52b258.html. Accessed 12 May 2024.

The Apache Wars were a series of armed conflicts between the United States Army and various Apache tribal confederations fought in the southwest between 1849 and 1886, minor hostilities continued until as late as 1924. Due to the increase in other populations, Manifest Destiny, and the Indian Wars, the Apaches' traditional cultural and economic lifestyle became strained. Many people died due to famine, Indian Wars, including the Battle of Cieneguilla, and diseases not indigenous to the American continent for which they had no resistance. Throughout the Apache Wars 1849–1924, against both the United States and the Confederate States, the "belligerents" included;
Apacheria:
Chiricahua Apache
Jicarilla Apache
Mescalero Apache
Lipan Apache
Western Apache
Plains Apache
Apache allies:
Ute
Yavapai
Navajo
Yuma
Mohave
The Jicarilla Apache had agreed to join the Mescalero at Fort Stanton, but only thirty-two arrived. there was a historical overlap between these two tribes, often at war with one another, but just as often living together among the Northern Pueblo and adapting cultural differences. In some cases, we see the Jicarilla Apache from the North and the Mescalero Apache from the South Central in the same census reports. While each had its agency, the Apache Indians were migratory by nature.

The Jicarilla learned about farming and pottery from the Puebloan peoples and learned about survival on the plains from the Plains Indians. Many Jicarilla Apache lived in the Northern Pueblos, north of Santa Fe. The mid-1800s until the mid-1900s were particularly difficult, as tribal bands were displaced, treaties made and broken, subject to significant loss of life due to tuberculosis and other white diseases, and lack of opportunities for survival. By 1887, they received their reservation centered around Dulce, New Mexico, which was expanded in 1907 to include land more conducive to ranching and agriculture.

The Jicarilla are traditionally matrilocal and are organized into matrilineal clans. They have incorporated some practices of their Pueblo neighbors into their traditions. Children attend a public school on the reservation. The Jicarilla Apache were assigned to the Southern Ute Agency from 1887 to 1891, and to the Pueblo and Jicarilla Agency from 1891 to 1901. In 1891 the Office of Indian Affairs consolidated the Pueblo Agency with the Jicarilla Subagency. This agency was abolished in 1900.

Biography:
Trucha was a Jicarilla Apache born c. 1858 to unknown parents. He appears to have roamed around a bit, showing up in the census of various Apache tribes.

Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, has no information on Trucha other than he was diagnosed with chronic dementia (Dementia is a chronic condition that causes a loss of cognitive functioning that interferes with daily life).

In the letter dated February 17, 1934, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Dr. L.L. Culp advises that Trucha arrived from Dulce, New Mexico, the location of the Jicarilla Apache Agency. He died at Canton at age 46 on November 17, 1905, and was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery tier 4 plot 45.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-Trucha seems to be a given name
-Many of the Jicarilla Apache lived in the Northern Pueblo settlements North of Santa Fe
-Did Trucha (Jicarilla) know Toby (Mescalero)
-Trucha is NOT Trucha Tafoya bc. 1868
-Micro Copy 595 Roll 400 of the Indian Census Rolls incorporates the census of the Jicarilla Apache and the various Northern Pueblos, further indicating that the Jicarilla Apache lived among the Northern Pueblo under the jurisdiction of the Jicarilla Apache sub-agency until 1901
__________
Sources:

1885 census of the Mescalero Reservation (Jicarilla Apache),

@ https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll254unit/page/n155/mode/...
or

@ https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll254unit/page/n167/mode/...
Note: census of the Mescalero and Jicarilla Apache 1885 (total Jicarillas 721, total Mescaleros 462)

1886 census of the Mescalero Reservation (Jicarilla Apache),
San Pablo's Camp Jicarillas

@ https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll254unit/page/n213/mode/...
Juan Julien's Camp Jicarillas

@ https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll254unit/page/n224/mode/...

1887 census of the Mescalero Reservation (Jicarilla Apache)'
Neither Trucha is found

1888 census of the Mescalero Reservation (Jicarilla Apache)'
Neither Trucha is found

1889 census of the Mescalero Reservation (Jicarilla Apache)'
Neither Trucha is found

1897 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll400unit/page/n139/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 140/491, line 658 (Truchi, age 46 = bc. 1851), census of the Jicarilla Apache, Jicarilla sub-Agency, N. Mex.

1899 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll400unit/page/n365/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 366/491, line 318 (age 42 = bc. 1857!), census of the Jicarilla Apache, Jicarilla sub-Agency, New Mexico(?)

1900 Jun 29 - "United States Census, 1900", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MSTD-SCG : Thu Apr 11 21:07:07 UTC 2024), Entry for Trucha, 1900, pg. 795/1024, line 40 (age 42, b=3/1858), census of the Jicarilla Apache Reservation, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Territory, United States

1905 Nov 17 - "South Dakota, Grave Registration Records, 1940-1941", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:CY8C-342M : Sun Mar 10 18:07:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Trucha, No Image
Name Trucha
Sex Male
Age 40 years
Birth Year (Estimated) 1865
Death Date 17 November 1905
Event Type Burial
Event Place Presho, Lyman, South Dakota, United States
Cemetery Indian Asylum Cemetery

1905 Nov 17 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493793/tracha-unknown: accessed May 12, 2024), memorial page for Tracha Unknown (unknown–17 Nov 1905), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493793, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

1905 Nov 17 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Toby 3-6-06 · Trucha 11-17-05 · Hon-Sah-Sah-Kah 10-23-05