William I, Prince of Orange

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Contributeurs à Wikipedia, 'Guillaume Ier des Baux', Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre, 8 août 2010, 09:44 UTC, <http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guillaume_Ier_des_Baux&ol...> [Page consultée le 16 février 2011]

prince d'Orange (1182 - Jun 1218);

William I of Baux

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William I of Baux (Occitan: Guilhèm dei Bauç, archaic Guillem or Guilhem dels Baus, French: Guillaume des Baux or du Baus, Latin: Guillelmus de Balcio; c. 1155 – June 1218) was the Prince of Orange from 1182 until his death. He was an important Provençal nobleman.

William was the son of Bertrand of Baux, the first Prince of Orange a major patron of Occitan poetry, and Tibors de Sarenom, a sister of Raimbaut d'Aurenga and herself a trobairitz. In 1215 when the Emperor Frederick II sought to make his power effective in the Kingdom of Burgundy, he granted to William at Metz the whole "Kingdom of Arles and Vienne", probably referring to the viceroyalty of the kingdom. William was imprisoned in Avignon in the summer of 1216 and remained there until his death in June 1218. William's descendants continued to claim the Kingdom of Arles until 1393.

William was a man of letters and a troubadour, inheriting his love of lyric poetry from his patron-composer parents. Two coblas and a sirventes are preserved of William's writings. He was also in contact with other troubadours. The lone surviving sirventes of Gui de Cavalhon was written against William.

An anecdotal razo is preserved describing how William robbed a French merchant, who subsequently took his case to the king, Philip Augustus, but was rejected because "it had taken place too far away" (i.e. out of French jurisdiction in Provence). The merchant subsequently counterfeited the royal seal and used it to lure William to his (unnamed) city with promises of rewards. When William and his companions arrived in the city the merchant had them arrested and imprisoned until he had made amends for what he had taken. On his return to Provence, William allegedly planned to annex a piece of land ("la Osteilla" or "Estella") belonging to Ademar II of Valentinois when he was captured by Ademar's fisherman in a small boat on the Rhône. This event inspired a cobla from the troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, who nicknamed William Engles (the Englishman, for unknown reasons).

William married Ermengarde, daughter of Raymond of Mévouillon, but divorced her on 21 March 1203. Their child, Raymond I of Baux, succeeded his father as Prince of Orange and King of Arles. William remarried to a woman named Alix. His sons by her, William II and Bertrand II, both later inherited Orange. William also had a daughter named Tibors who married Giraud III Amic, lord of Thor de Châteauneuf. He was also called a traitor for taking the side of the Catholics during the Albigensian crusade. The citizens of Avignon skinned him alive on the walls of Avignon and fed his body in pieces to the dogs.

-http://www.genmarenostrum.com/pagine-lettere/letterab/del%20Balzo/D...
E3. Guglielmo I detto “du Cornet” (+ Avignone [ante 30-7] 1218), Principe d’Orange dal 1173.

a)      = Ermengarda, figlia di Raimondo Signore di Mévouillon, divorzia nel 1204;

b) = Alice (+ post 1249).

-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/provvaldi.htm#GuillaumeBauxOrangedi...

GUILLAUME de Baux, son of BERTRAND Seigneur de Baux & his wife Tiburge d'Orange (-Avignon 1218 before 30 Jul). The testament of Tiburge princesse d'Orange is dated [1146?], and names Bertrand de Baux husband of her daughter Tiburge, his son Guillaume V, her son Raimbaud IV, and Adhemar de Murvieux husband of her daughter Tiburgete[561]. "Raimbaud d'Orange" names "Bertrand de Baux son beau-frère, mari de Tiburge et ses enfants Guillaume, Bertrand et Hugues de Baux…Adhemar de Murvieux et aux enfants qu'il a eus de sa sœur Tiburgette" in his testament dated 1173[562]. Prince d'Orange. "Les frères Bertrand seigneur de Berre et Guillaume de Baux prince d'Orange" granted rights to the monastery of Boscodon by charter dated 27 Oct 1182[563]. "…Guillelmus de Balcio, Hugo de Balcio frater eius…" witnessed the marriage contract dated 1204 between "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani" and "Petro Regi Aragoniæ, et comiti Barchinonis" is dated 1204[564].

m firstly (divorced 21 Mar 1203) ERMENGARDE de Mévouillon, daughter of RAYMOND [III] Seigneur de Mévouillon & his wife Saure de Fay. "Guillaume de Baux prince d'Orange" declared his separation on grounds of consanguinity from his wife "Ermengarde", in the presence of "Raimbaud évêque de Vaison", by charter dated 21 Mar 1203, which also deals with the return of the dowry provided by "Raymond de Mévouillon son beau-père…[et] son beau-frère Raymond"[565].

m secondly ALIX, daughter of --- (-after 1219). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

 Guillaume & his first wife had one child:

Guillaume & his second wife had three children: