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English: habitational name from any of various places called Blackwell for example in Cumbria Derbyshire County Durham Warwickshire Somerset Devon Sussex and Worcestershire named in Old English frp blæc ‘black dark’ + wæll(a) well(a) ‘spring stream’. Alternatively it may be a topographic name for someone who lived by the ‘dark well or stream’ Middle English blak + wel(le).
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022