I-BY78615 (Y-DNA)

Tässä ovat Big Y-700 testin lähimmät muinaiset yhteydet.

Skämsta 517

Skämsta 517 was a man who lived between 1000 - 1100 CE during the Viking Age and was found in the region now known as Skämsta, Uppsala, Sweden.
He was associated with the Viking Sweden cultural group.Skämsta, Uppland, Sweden

(Prepared by Caroline Ahlström Arcini, National Historical Museums, Lund)
Two Dwarfs: Upplandsmuseet, inventory number - UM36031_621 and UM36031_623b
In 1994 parts of a burial site were investigated in the small hamlet Skämsta north of Uppsala in
Sweden. Six inhumation graves containing skeletons from seven individuals were excavated. In
addition to the more intact graves, a pit of mixed bones was found in the northern part of the cemetery.
These bones came from a damaged grave. The excavated graves were not visible above ground. Four
of the graves were constructed of stone slabs of various sizes. Five of the individuals were orientated
west-east and one was buried east-west. All of them were buried lying on their backs. They were all
single graves, and in one of the graves bones from a newborn were found.
Different types of artefacts were found in the graves such as combs, pearls, and a ring for the hair.
Regarding the ring there is one parallel found in Poland. The graves have, based on the finds, been
dated to the later part of the VA and the beginning of the medieval period (1000-1100 CE). Estimation
of age and sex has been done according to standards72 and the results indicate that five of the buried
were adults, one was a sub-adult of 12-14 years of age, and one was a newborn. With respect to the
adults, two died when they were 20-40 years of age and four died when they were between 40 and 60
years of age. Regarding the sex of the individuals, three of them were male (including the sub-adult),
and three were female. The sex of the infant is unknown.
During the excavation, the archaeologists noticed that one of the graves (grave 41850, a.k.a.
UM36031_623b) was unusual. It contained an adult of very short stature, about 130 cm. The
osteological analysis of the skeletal material revealed that the individual was a dwarf. Further
investigation of the rest of the skeletons showed that this was not the only dwarf. The individual in
grave 33124 (UM36031_621), who was buried just north of the dwarf in grave 41850, was also
abnormally short. A closer examination of the bones of these two individuals showed that in addition
to very short limbs, their vertebrae were very short in the craniocaudal direction resulting in a short
trunk73. A radiologist was consulted at the hospital in Lundand X-rays were taken of several parts of
the skeletons. The radiologist concluded that the two individuals suffered from a disease called
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SED)74. In addition to short stature and deformed limbs,
individuals affected by SED can have a flat face, and occasionally a cleft palate and/or club foot.
Approximately 50 percent of those with the disease also have myopia and/or retinal detachment. SED
is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. It can either arise due to a mutation or appear
in a child of an affected parent. If one parent is affected, the risk of inheritance is 50 percent and if
both parents are affected the risk is 75 percent. There are three possible family relationships for the
dwarfs at Skämsta. They are either brother and sister, mother and son or father and daughter.
Samples used for DNA analysis:
VK517 Sweden_Uppsala_UM36031_623b

Öland 1016

Öland 1016 was a 60+ year old older man who lived between 800 - 1100 CE during the Viking Age and was found in the region now known as Hulterstad, Öland, Sweden

Öland, Sweden
(Prepared by Helene Wilhelmson, Sydsvensk arkeologi AB, Kristianstad, and Department of
Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University)
Many human remains from the late Iron Age (400-1050 CE) have been excavated from burials and
other contexts on the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. Throughout the period the burials are both
cremations as well as inhumations. There is considerable variation in inhumation burial form (pit
coffin, stone cist, etc.) during the VA76–80. The uncremated human remains from burials (and other
contexts) were recently studied using an interdisciplinary bioarchaeological perspective80 integrating
new radiocarbon dates for many graves. The individuals studied for aDNA here are the majority of
the late Iron Age population discussed in that study.
The most recent dietary isotope analysis of human remains, show a great individual variation in diet5
supporting the archaeozoological finds and point towards a population with highly varied subsistence
strategies. First generation migration to Öland was investigated through 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O isotopes
and the results were interpreted to show extensive immigration to the island with 68% non-local
individuals in the late Iron Age. The immigrants appear to be both regional and interregional. The
greater variation in individual diet could not be concluded to correlate to provenance of an individual.
The people living in Öland during the late Iron Age have therefore been interpreted as a population
of mixed provenance resulting in a creolized society with a combination of non-local and local
traditions for burial and subsistence practices80.
The 29 individuals we sampled were included in the study of Wilhelmson80 and consist of all types
of burials. They are from 20 sites in Öland, excavated on separate occasions between 1931 and 1975.
About half of the individuals (n=15) are dated by 14C and the rest are dated by typology. The burials
are inhumations of varied type. They have different orientations (east-west, north-south or southnorth),
feature different architecture (lime stone cists, pits, coffins, full boat burial), and include single
as well as multiple burials in one grave. Two more skeletons sampled in this study (id 1099, 1052)
are from the early Iron Age. The table shown below presents details of the selected individuals.