DNA: Genetic genealogy - gener og slekt

Types of DNA that can be tested for genealogy
Typer DNA som kan testes for slektsgransking

Video made by the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF) about the four types of DNA:
Video laget av Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF) om de fire types DNA:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJZhzGNipJc

This mainly shows that there are four options:
I hovedsak viser dette at man har fire valg:

A: Y-DNA
men can test their Y-chromosome to trace their direct paternal line
menn kan teste Y-kromosomet for å finne direkte farslinje

B: mt-DNA
everyone can test their mitochondrial DNA to trace their direct maternal line
alle kan teste sitt mitokondrie-DNA for å finne sin direkte morslinje

C: Family Finder or Relative Finder
Autosomal testing for genealogy: everyone can test a selection of 500 000 SNPs to trace relatives within six generations, and often also further back
Autosomale tester for genealogi: alle kan teste et utvalg av 500 000 SNPs for å spore slektninger innen seks generasjoner og ofte lenger bak enn det

D: X-DNA
Testing the X-chromosome to decide closer relationships like if two people are siblings
Testing av X-kromosomene for å avgjøre slektskap i nærmere familie, bl a om folk er søsken.

More information from Wikipedia on Genetic Genealogy:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test
(Wikipedia-side om genetisk testing for slektsgranskere. Denne er dessverre ennå ikke oversatt til norsk.)

Y-DNA

More about Y-DNA that reveals a person’s direct paternal line, video from Sorenson:
Mer om Y-DNA som viser en persons direkte farslinje, video fra Sorenson:

http://www.smgf.org/education/animations/y_chromosome.jspx

Since the Y-chromosome follows the line from father to son, cultures that have patrilinear surnames/family names can use those to find possible matches or special projects. This is not possible for Nordic lines, as there were no surnames in use until ab 1850.

Siden Y-kromosomet arves fra far til sønn, kan kulturer som har slektsnavn som følger farslinje bruke disse for å finne treff eller bli med i spesielle prosjekter. Dette er ikke mulig for nordiske linjer, fordi arvede etternavn ikke var vanlige før 1850 og utover.

mt-DNA

More about mitochondrial DNA that reveals a person’s direct maternal line, video from Sorenson:
Mer om mitokondrielt DNA som viser en persons direkte morslinje, video fra Sorenson:

http://www.youtube.com/user/genetree#p/a/u/0/kS5qREISS-Q

Autosomal testing for genealogy – autosomale tester for slektsgransking

Information video from Sorenson
Informasjonsvideo fra Sorenson:

http://www.smgf.org/education/animations/autosomal.jspx

The complete human genome consists of about 2,9 billion SNPs, base pairs that can be analyzed. In the new tests from 23andMe (Relative Finder) and Family Tree DNA (Family Finder) a selections of ab 500 000 SNPs are analyzed. These will be compared to other testers, and you will find matches with relatives within six generations, and also with more uncertainty matches with relatives you share more distant ancestors with.

Hele det menneskelige genom består av ca 2,9 milliarder SNPs, basepar som kan analyseres. I de nye testene fra 23andMe (Relative Finder) og Family Tree DNA (Family Finder) analyseres et utvalg av ca 500 000 SNPs. Disse sammenlignes med de andre som has testet seg, og man vil med stor sikkerhet få treff med andre innenfor seks generasjoner, og også med mer usikkerhet treff med fjernere slektninger man deler aner langt tilbake med.

Information video from 23andMe about Relative Finder (parallel to FTDNA’s Family Finder)
Informasjonsvideo fra 23andMe om Relative Finder (parallel test til Family Finder hos FTDNA):

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2hlr-6LEos

More detailed video about cousin relationships and what you can find out from these autosomal tests:
Mer detaljert video om slektsskap og hva man kan finne ut via autosomale tester:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qG6BFjoXHvY

Testing companies – selskaper som tilbyr tester:

Family Tree DNA
***
They have the largest database of Y-DNA and mt-DNA.
They also offer the most extensive Y-DNA test (67 STR-markers) and mt-DNA test (Full genome sequence, all 16 569 SNPs on the mitochondria, $299).
Family Finder tests at $289
There are many options from simple 12-markers Y-DNA test at $99 and HVR1 mt-DNA tests at $99 to the most comprehensive ones.
They do not offer analysis of health issues.

De har den største databasen med Y- og mt-DNA resultater
De tilbyr de grundigste testene for Y-DNA (67 STR-markører) og mt-DNA (hele genomet, alle 16569 basepar på mitokondriet, $299)
Family Finder test til $289
De har mange muligheter, fra de enkleste 12-markørs Y-DNA-test til 99$ og HVR1 mt-DNA test, 99$, til omfattende kombinasjoner.
De analyserer ikke helsefaktorer.
-------------------------------
23andMe
***
They offer two test variants: Complete ($499) and Ancestry ($399)
The Ancestry edition includes
* Y-DNA haplogroup through SNPs (but not STR-markers)
* mt-DNA through a selection of SNPs
* Relative Finder (500 000 autosomal SNPs) to be able to calculate related cousins and ethnicity
The Complete edition also provides information on a large number of health issues.

De tilbyr to alternativer: Complete (499$) og Ancestry (Slekt og opphav, 399$)
Ancestry-utgaven inkluderer:
* Y-DNA haplogruppe-bestemmelse basert på SNPs (men ikke STR-markører)
* mt-DNA haplogruppe-bestemmelse gjennom analyse av SNPs
* Relative Finder (500 000 autosomale SNPs, basepar) for å kunne få treff med slektninger ut til seksmenninger og enkelte utover det, og etnisitet.
Complete-utgaven tilbyr i tillegg en rekke opplysninger om helse
---------------------------
Others – Andre firma

http://www.ancestrybydna.com
http://www.decodeme.com
http://www.dnaheritage.com
http://www.dnatribes.com
http://www.ethnoancestry.com
http://www.genetree.com
http://www.oxfordancestors.com
http://www.gena.no

The Norway Project - Norgesprosjektet: Family Tree DNA

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Norway/default.aspx

This is a project for people with Norwegian ancestry, either through the paternal line (Y-DNA test), the maternal line (mt-DNA test), or other ancestors within ten generations (Family Finder autosomal test).

Our goal is to try to map the haplogroup and haplotype variation for people with Norwegian ancestry, as well as provide a forum for finding and tracing ancestors.

***
Dette er et DNA-prosjekt for folk med norsk genetisk opphav, enten gjennom farslinje (Y-DNA-test), morslinje (mt-DNA-test) eller andre aner innenfor ti generasjoner (Family Finder autosomal test).

Vårt mål er å kartlegge haplogruppe- og -typevariasjon for folk med norsk opphav i tillegg til å være et forum for å finne og spore aner.

Norsk debattråd på Slektsforum om prosjektet (om man ikke er DIS-medlem kan man registrere seg som gjest for å delta, dette er helt gratis):
http://www.disnorge.no/slektsforum/viewtopic.php?t=87656
-------------------------------
The Viking Project - Vikingprosjektet

Britiske forskere søkte i vår etter norske menn til et forskningsprosjekt om vikinger og DNA. De har testet Y-DNA for en rekke engelske menn med slektsbakgrunn fra områder med stor andel av vikingbosetninger, og ønsket en norsk referansegruppe å sammenligne de britiske mennene med. Mange meldte seg som frivillige til dette, og forskerne fikk fort fulle lister for de aktuelle områdene i Norge.

I disse dager har omtrent 400 norske menn sendt inn en DNA-prøve til University of Leicester. Disse mennene er plukket ut fra ti forskjellige geografiske områder i Norge, alle med kjente aner i ren mannslinje i minst fem-seks generasjoner bakover.

De norske testpersonene vil få testet 17 STR-markører, og i tillegg SNPs for å avgjøre haplogrupper. I tillegg til de 400 som testes nå vil studien også bruke data fra B.M. Dupuy et al. 2005, en studie mange av dere kjenner, og den eneste som hittil har tatt for seg norsk Y-DNA.

http://vetinari.sitesled.com/norway.pdf

På Slektsforum:
http://www.disnorge.no/slektsforum/viewtopic.php?t=88313

Thank you for including English translations with your work. That is so helpful to us Americans who are language impaired.

I'm intentionally sarcastic here, but it is good to see an American using the word impaired about themselves. :-)

Ususally it's more like "The land of the free" and "we are the best". (I know of laws in the US that are a lot more strict than laws governing the same issues here in Norway (by the way, I have lived in the US for more than 2 years, so I have some experience))

Keep up the good work, learn each others history, geography and languages. The latter is the most difficult of the three.

Last year on National DNA Day, 23andMe had a special offer where you could purchase their Complete package for $99 (normally $499). The next national DNA day will be April 15, 2011. Hopefully 23andMe will have the same special next year.

I am another American who only speaks English so I will rely on google translate to convert this to Norwegian for me :)

I fjor på National DNA Day, hadde 23andMe et spesielt tilbud der du kan kjøpe deres Komplett pakke for $ 99 (normalt $ 499). Den neste nasjonale DNA dag blir den 15 april 2011. Forhåpentligvis 23andMe vil ha samme spesielle neste år.

Daniel

@Daniel and all: the 23andMe kit for $99 is certainly a bargain, and if they do that offer again there's no need to hesitate - provided you wish to have information on health risks etc.

However, if you primarily wish to compare direct male lines through the Y-chromosome, you will need to test STR-markers, and 23andMe does not do that. Say you find another Walton and you think the two of you are 9th cousins - with a common forefather ten generations back in a straigt male line. Then you will need to compare STR-markers to check how similar you are, the more markers the better.

There is already a Walton project at FTDNA with 26 members:
https://www.familytreedna.com/group-join.aspx?Group=Walton

Based on their results, there seems to be four or five different lineages for Waltons, that is, descending from four or five different men:
http://www.worldfamilies.net/surnames/walton/results

PS: There is no need for everyone to write everything in two languages in this thread. English speakers and Scandinavian: use the language you are most comfortable with.

Skriv engelsk eller et skandinavisk språk: i denne tråden kan begge brukes, og man behøver ikke skrive alt på begge.

DNA tests can be used to trace biological parents and other relatives, which mihgt be useful for adoptees. Here's a true story: Richard Hill found his biological father.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thVCLwCh-FI

Richard Hill's website contains some useful info as well.
http://www.dna-testing-adviser.com/

Thanks for pointing me to this thread, Anne Marit.

I will add one important fact to this discussion.

It has to do with Family Tree DNA or FTDNA.

They have the largest collection of Jewish DNA samples.

You can go to: http://www.familytreedna.com/landing/jewish-ancestry.aspx and read about it.

If you suspect that you may have Jewish ancestry, FTDNA is the best company to use for doing those tests. I know of around 20 reports of people finding out that they have Jewish ancestry.

Kevin

Thanks, Kevin. I also know they have many surname projects related to various Jewish names and paternal lines.

With the upcoming addition to the Family Finder test they have, we might also all of us learn more about our ethnic origin:
http://www.familytreedna.com/faq/answers/default.aspx?faqid=22#1052

Family Finder: Population Finder Tool
This test at FTDNA now contains an analysis of your ethnic background as well as matches with close and more distant cousins.

The results will look like these examples:
http://i561.photobucket.com/albums/ss59/ambivaline/DNA/sampleBpopfi...
http://i561.photobucket.com/albums/ss59/ambivaline/DNA/sampleApopfi...
http://i561.photobucket.com/albums/ss59/ambivaline/DNA/MKpopfinder.jpg
http://i561.photobucket.com/albums/ss59/ambivaline/DNA/HWHpopfinder...

My brother and I tested last year, he for our Y-DNA Butler roots, and me for our mtDNA. Men can test for their mtDNA, but they do not pass it on to their offsprings. Not knowing much about DNA tests, I first had him test for only the basic 12 markers. After joining the Butler Surname project, I learned that you really need a minimum of 37 markers to find your relatives. The 12 markers gave us a long list of 12 marker matches (over 600) but only a few with the Butler surname. When I had additional testing to 37 markers, we have a list of 4 close matches, one the lineage of the Fighting Butler brothers of the American Revolution who were descendents of the House of Ormonde in Ireland. This opened an exciting new phase of tracing our family tree. There are always the issues of adoption and name changes as well as "the wrong side of the blanket" (not my original term) relationships when searching for surname matches.

Above was posted by Mary Butler Arnold, so you are not confused. Was accidentally on my husband's webpage.

Here I am. Mary

Nice to hear from you Mary/Robert - DNA-testing can as you say open up for a LOT of information on our ancestral roots, that may not be easy to find using only traditional genealogy.

I recommend all people who wish to learn more to watch the Introductory animated videos from Sorenson Foundation (linked in the first posts here) - about the different types of tests and what they can reveal.

We might also post success stories - I believe I have one coming up :-)

Hello Anne, I felt that I finally understood the basics on the Y-DNA and mtDNA testing when they introduced the new tests. I can't keep up!

Another thing I discovered is that the grandmother of Anne Boleyn was one of my same Butler line. So a whole new world of genealogy from what I thought was Irish farmer roots.

For another visual impression of the differences between Y-DNA, mito-DNA and autosomal DNA (like family Finder) see this illustration from my friend Vidar's blog: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_sGfc5wUAZGM/TKoseciMhPI/AAAAAAAAAsw/BBT2w...

Where Y- and mito-DNA only follow ONE thin line at the outer rim of your tree - the autosomal tests look at the whole genome for matches.

Pet peeve: companies offering great deals for NEW customers and nothing for their old, loyal customers. Harumpf!

Luckily most of their sales are for upgrading existing test: there was a big one on Y-upgrades to 67 markers in June, a small one on upgrading to mt-DNA FGS recently - and last year about the same.

The FF is most efficient if you are able to test different branches of your tree - so I suppose this is an opportunity to test the family elders not yet tested :-)

Through all of December, FTDNA has lots of special offers for new customers, so time to test more family members!

General prices/info: http://www.familytreedna.com/products.aspx
or (cheaper) through the Norway Project: http://www.familytreedna.com/group-join.aspx?Group=Norway

I particularly recommend the Y-DNA 37 at $119 and the mtDNAplus at $129. Also the Family Finder at $249, or $299 with a YDNA 12 or mtDNA included are good offers.

For those who have already tested/are customers there is a special offer of Family Finder for $229 (usually $289).

I have good experience with the FF-test and many family members/cousins are tested, so we're able to confirm various lineages as probable :-)

And, no - I don't work for FTDNA, but I'm one of the admins for the Norway project as well as involved in a few others.

For those who are considering testing with Family Tree DNA, they have announced that if they reach 10 000 fans/likes on their Facebook page by Friday 15 April, DNA Day, they will have a special short term sale. The sale will probably be a discount coupon valid for some tests, and only for 24 hours.

http://www.facebook.com/FamilyTreeDNA

For the Norwegians:

Nå fins det DNA-sider på DIS Norges nettsider, med informasjon på norsk:
http://www.disnorge.no/cms/dna-slektsforskere

For all those interested in DNA Genealogy, and adding haplogroup designation to their direct paternal and direct maternal ancestors according to their tests, there are a number of projects to add the profiles to. Contact project admins for more info if necessary.

Y-DNA inherited through the direct paternal line:
http://www.geni.com/projects/Y-DNA-Haplogroups

mtDNA inherited through the direct maternal line (mother's mother's mother):
http://www.geni.com/projects/mtDNA-Haplogroups

New Summer Sale at Family Tree DNA for new customers - this is a good time to test more family members!

From FTDNA:
Last summer, we offered special pricing to attract new members to your projects. This was the most successful offering of its type in our company's history. Our project administrators that got behind the recruitment efforts saw their projects grow, and, thus, our database also grew. With this in mind, we'd like to offer a summer special again this year.

Y-DNA37 for $119 (Regular price would be $149)
Y-DNA67 for $199 (Regular price would be $239)
Family Finder for $199 (Regular price would be $289)
Family Finder + Y-DNA37 for $318 (Regular price would be $438)
Family Finder + mtDNAPlus for $318 (Regular Price would be $438)
mtDNA Full Sequence for $219 (Regular Price would be $299)
SuperDNA for $418 (Regular Price would be $518, includes Y-DNA67 and mtFullSequence)
Comprehensive Genome for $617 (Regular Price would be $797, includes Y-DNA67, mtFullSequence and Family Finder)

In addition, existing Family Tree DNA customers may order the Family Finder add-on for $199

The promotion will start today, Friday the 15th at 6PM CST and will end Thursday, July 21, 11:59PM CST. Kits need to be paid for by the end of the promotion.

Remember to order through a relevant project.

NORSK: Sommersalg på tester - se priser over.

Bestilling via Norgesprosjektet her:
http://www.familytreedna.com/group-join.aspx?Group=Norway

Ta gjerne kontakt om dere har spørsmål om disse testene. Mine kontaktdata fins bl a her:
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Norway/default.aspx

We are also working on a new project. This one will answer some basic questions about genetic genealogy.

http://www.geni.com/projects/DNA-Primer-A-portal-for-genetic-genealogy