Antoinette Landry

• Sources:
  • 1671 Acadie Census - shown to be 53 years old which estimates birth c.1618.

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Evidence needed to support as daughter of Étienne Landry & Catherine Goulet

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Discussion Parentage. Her parentage is much-disputed with no conclusive evidence. One theory proposes Étienne Landry and Catherine Goulet as her parents. A common myth is that Jean Claude Landry (whose name was actually just Jean Claude) and Marie Salle were Antoinette's parents. There is an explanation of this myth here. Note: Please do not add parents for Antoinette Landry. It is unknown who her parents were, so unless some new records come to light, we should refrain from guessing. Unnamed Father Landry should be kept as Antoinette's father, to connect her to her siblings. DNA. The Mothers of Acadia Maternal DNA project is conducting ongoing research to verify their origins. In 2010, Stephen White reported Antoinette Landry had an H haplogroup. I don't know the details re how many of her descendants were tested to support this report. Lucie Leblanc Constantino reported one result here. Ongoing test results are also reported here. As of February 2016, 13 descendants have reported an H haplogroup, indicating European origins. Biographie (English version below) Au cours des trois premières décennies de 1600, la colonisation agricole française en Acadie n'a pas à se développer. Bien que la terre était très fertile, un ingrédient essentiel manquait : des femmes et la stabilité de la vie familiale.[1] Les femmes pionnières françaises comme Antoinette Landry, connu sous le nom "Mothers of Acadia",[2] seraient inverser ces échecs précédents. Leur succès s'explique par leur courage et leur capacité " à cuisiner et à coudre, la récolte et la houe, et de fournir du réconfort et de l'affection de la maison".[1] Antoinette Landry est née en France vers 1618[3] Ses parents ne sont pas connus. (Voir la section de discussion.) Quand elle avait 14 ans, le traité de Saint-Germain-en-Laye cédait l'Acadie à la France et les tentatives de colonization ont débuté une fois de plus par Razilly et d'Aulnay. Antoinette, son frère René (l'aîné), et sa sœur Perrine ont été parmi ceux qui ont fait leur chemin en Acadie [4]. Vers 1642, Antoinette a attiré l'attention d'Antoine Bourg. [5] Ils se sont mariés à Port-Royal (Annapolis Royal, Nouvelle-Écosse , Canada). [citation needed] Entre 1643 et 1666, Antoinette a donné naissance à 11 enfants : François , Marie , Jean , Bernard , Martin , Jeanne , Renée , Huguette , Jeanne , Abraham , et Marguerite [4] Son dernier bébé est né quand elle avait 49 ans ! La famille s'est installée à Port-Royal. En 1671,[6] 4 arpents[7] de leurs terres ont été cultivés. Ils ont également eu 12 bêtes à cornes et 8 brebis. Antoinette et sa famille auraient probablement vécu dans une maison construite en bois , d'argile et de paille , avec un grand espace commun , zones de couchage cloisonnés, et un grenier. La base du foyer aurait projeté à l'extérieur de la maison, offrant un peu de chaleur pour les animaux.[8] La ferme familiale fut probablement situé 7,7 km à l'est de l'emplacement des Melansons sur la rive nord de la rivière Dauphin (Annapolis).[9] Selon les rapports des fonctionnaires à travers le 17ème siècle,[1][10][11] la terre était très fertile et il y avait une abondance de produits frais . En 1699, Villebon a écrit: "Il est plus de 60 ans depuis Port-Royal a été fondée et le travail de défrichage de la terre et les marais a commencé. Ces derniers ont, à l'heure actuelle, été très productive, produisant chaque année une quantité de céréales, comme le maïs, le blé, le seigle, l'avoine, les pois et non seulement pour le maintien des familles qui y vivent, mais pour la vente et le transport à d'autre régions du pays. Lin et chanvre, aussi, se développent très bien, et certains des colons de cette région utilisent uniquement le linge, faite par eux-mêmes, à des fins domestiques. La laine des moutons qu'ils soulèvent est très bonne et les vêtements portés par la majorité des hommes et des femmes est faite. Port-Royal est une petite Normandie pour les pommes ... [Plusieurs] variétés de pommier se trouvent à Port-Royal, et les poires rousses. Il existe d'autres variétés de poires et cerises ... Il y a une abondance de légumes pour la nourriture ... le chou, les betteraves, les oignons, les carottes, la ciboulette, les échalotes, navets, panais, et toutes sortes de salades, ils poussent parfaitement et ne sont pas chers. Petits pois fines ... bœuf ... Les moutons sont très gros ... cochon de lait ... Poules, coqs, chapons, oies apprivoisées poulettes, ... œufs, beurre ... Ce sont des choses qui peuvent être obtenus à partir de leur alimentation. Ils sont chasseurs ... lièvre et perdrix sont très nombreux ... il y a aussi des oiseaux sauvages ".[11] "Beacoup était disponible: rien sans le travail. "[12] Les femmes comme Antoinette ont plusieurs rôles:[13] "Les soins des animaux était parfois un effort commun et le soin des poules, des canards, des oies et a été généralement laissée aux femmes. Leurs tâches comprennent également la fourniture de trois repas par jour, sans eau courante et les feux ouverts plutôt que les poêles... les Acadiens étaient particulièrement friands de soupe épaisse, sur la base de navets, choux, oignons et aromatisé avec du porc ... en dehors de la fourniture de repas ... et la prise en charge immédiate de la très jeune, l'une des tâches quotidiennes les plus importantes pour les femmes était le maintien d'un environnement sain pour la famille. Beaucoup de travail a été impliqué dans le respect des vêtements et linge de maison propre, avec du savon, parfois importé, mais le plus souvent fabriqués à partir de la cendre de bois, et de graisses animales. Il y avait la main-d'œuvre saisonnière dans le jardin et cuisine: la récolte de fruits et légumes, la conservation des aliments pour l'hiver ... tissage, la filature, le tricotage, la couture et le raccommodage avaient à faire à un moment où les heures de la journée ont été étirés seulement par des bougies et des lampes à huile".[13] Bien qu'Antoinette aurait été seul responsable des premières années de l'éducation des enfants, elle aurait partagé le rôle avec son mari quand les enfants étaient plus âgés[13]. Ils aurait tous deux surveillé les travaux de leurs enfants aînés qui comprenait s'occuper de leurs jeunes frères et sœurs ainsi que le travail de la ferme. Antoinette et Antoine auraient également aidé les enfants à acquérir beaucoup de connaissances pratiques et traditionnelles.[14] Ils leur apprennent aussi à faire valoir leurs droits à l’autorité constituée. Vers 1687 Gargas, un bureaucrate plaintif, qui se heurte non seulement avec ses supérieurs, mais aussi les colons,[13], appela l'un des descendants d' Antoinette "l'un des habitants les plus rebelles et indépendants de l'Acadie ... [poss%C3%A9dant] plus de relations que presque quelqu'un d'autre à Port -Royal".[12][15]

L'Église catholique romaine aurait été une partie importante de leur vie : "La carte 1686 montre une grande croix, l'église paroissiale (n°2), le presbytère, le cimetière clos (n°4), et un grand jardin formel avec une croix dans un coin . Décrit par l'abbé de Saint-Valier comme "assez jolie et relativement bien équipé , " l'église a un clocher surmonté d' un coq ... les paroissiens de monter et descendre la rivière se sont réunis à Port-Royal le dimanche et les jours de fête à la messe célébrée par le Père Petit , assisté de dix ou douze jeunes hommes de la région de robes rouges et surplis . Petit enseigné le catéchisme aux jeunes filles à l'église tandis que Pierre Chenet Dubreuil, un Parisien de quarante ans, a donné des leçons aux garçons dans le presbytère ... en 1685, Saint- Vallier a envoyé une sœur de la Congrégation de Notre-Dame de enseigner aux filles acadiennes et, en 1686, un jeune prêtre supplican abbé Geoffrey ... filles construites »et les écoles de garçons à ses propres frais. Saint- Vallier espère que [l%E2%80%99%C3%A9cole de la sœur] serait un lieu de rassemblement pour les femmes et les jeunes filles acadiennes, et que certains d'entre eux d'apprendre à lire et écrire suffisamment bien pour assumer les fonctions de maîtresse d'école".[10] Le canot d'écorce de bouleau (acquis de la Mi'kmaq ) était un mode de transport essentiel pour la plupart de l'année , ainsi que des raquettes en hiver. Visiteur Lamothe Cadillac a fait remarquer que les hommes et les femmes utilisaient des canots et " étaient assez courageux dans l'eau".[13] Entre 1687 et 1693, Antoinette a perdu sa bien-aimée Antoine. Ce délai n'était pas seulement difficile personnellement, mais aussi politiquement avec le début de la guerre du roi William (1689-1697) avec la France. La famille d'Antoinette aurait senti ses effets mai 1690 lorsque Sir William Phipps[16] prise de Port -Royal, détruit l’église, pillé le règlement, et contraint les habitants à prêter un serment d’allégeance à la couronne d’Angleterre. Charles La Tourasse, un ancien sergent de la garnison française, a été nommé au poste de commandant anglais et leader d'un conseil pour maintenir la paix et d'administrer la justice.[17] Phipps a quitté Port -Royal dans seulement 12 jours après son arrivée. Avant la fin de l’été, marin de deux navires pillé Port-Royal et incendié et pillé entre 28 et 35 maisons et habitations, y compris l'église paroissiale. Il y avait un autre raid en 1693.[10] Contrairement à certains Acadiens, qui ont été convaincus de passer par le raid et l'attrait des terrains disponibles dans les nouveaux villages, les Bourgs séjourné à Port -Royal à travers les années 1690. Antoinette avait le confort de sa famille et sa ferme d'origine dans ses dernières années. En 1693, 75 ans Antoinette vivait à la ferme avec son plus jeune fils d'Abraham et de sa famille. Son fils Bernard avait une ferme à proximité. Antoinette est morte quelque temps après 1693[18] à Port-Royal.[citation needed] Comme l'une des "mères de l'Acadie" et que matriarche de la famille acadienne Bourg, Antoinette Landry laisse un héritage important. Le village de Bourg à la ferme d'origine a prospéré à Port-Royal. D'autres descendants finalement déménagé à Beaubassin (Amherst NS), des Mines (Hansport NS), Cobeguit (Truro NS) et l'île Saint -Jean (Île-du-Prince-Édouard).[19] Les filles et les petites-filles d'Antoinette marièrent dans les grandes[19] familles de LeBlanc, Boudrot, Richard, Comeau, Melanson, Thériot, Daigre, Belliveau, Allain, Breau, Babineau, Aucoin, Dugas, Brun, Guilbeau, Granger, Broussard, et Fougère.[4] Biography (version française ci-dessus) In the first three decades of 1600, French agricultural settlement in Acadia failed to develop. Although the land was very fertile, an essential ingredient was missing: women and the stability of family life.[1] French pioneer women like Antoinette Landry, known as the "Mothers of Acadia",[2] would reverse these previous failures with their fortitude and ability ” to cook and sew, harvest and hoe, and provide solace and affection of home”.[1] Antoinette Landry was born in France around 1618[3] Her parents are not known. (See discussion section.) By the time she was 14, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye ceded Acadia to France and settlement attempts were started once more by Razilly and D’Aulnay. Antoinette, her brother René (the elder), and her sister Perrine were among those who made their way to Acadia.[4] Around 1642, Antoinette caught the eye of Antoine Bourg.[5] They were married in Port Royal (Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada).[citation needed]. Between 1643 and 1666, Antoinette gave birth to 11 children: François, Marie, Jean, Bernard, Martin, Jeanne, Renée, Huguette, Jeanne, Abraham, and Marguerite.[4] Her last baby was born when she was 49 years of age! The family had settled in Port-Royal. In 1671,[6] 4 arpents[7] of their land holdings were cultivated. They also had 12 cattle and 8 sheep. Antoinette and her family would likely have lived in a house built of wood, clay, and straw, with a large common space, partitioned sleeping areas, and a loft. The base of the hearth would have projected to the exterior of the house, providing some warmth for the animals.[8] The family homestead was probably located 7.7 km east of the Melanson settlement on the north bank of the Dauphin (Annapolis) River.[9] According to the reports of officials throughout the 1600s,[1][10][11] the land was very fertile and there was an abundance of fresh food. In 1699, Villebon wrote: “It is more than 60 years since Port Royal was founded and the work of clearing the land and the marshes began. The latter have, up to the present time, been very productive, yielding each year a quantity of grain, such as corn, wheat, rye, peas and oats, not only for the maintenance of families living there but for sale and transportation to other parts of the country. Flax and hemp, also, grow extremely well, and some of the settlers of that region use only the linen, made by themselves, for domestic purposes. The wool of the sheep they raise is very good and the clothing worn by the majority of the men and women is made of it. Port Royal is a little Normandy for apples... [Several] varieties of apple tree are found at Port Royal, and russet pears. There are other varieties of pears, and cherries… There is an abundance of vegetables for food... cabbage, beets, onions, carrots, chives, shallots, turnips, parsnip, and all sorts of salads; they grow perfectly and are not expensive. Fine green peas… Beef…The sheep are very large… suckling pig… Hens, cocks, capons, pullets, tame geese... Eggs, butter... These are the things which can be obtained from them for food. They are hunters... hare and partridge are very numerous ...there are also wild fowl."[11] "Much was available: nothing without labour".[12] Women like Antoinette had several roles:[13] "The care of animals was sometimes a joint effort and the care of hens, ducks, and geese was usually left to women. Their tasks also included the provision of three meals a day, with no running water and open fires rather than stoves... the Acadians were particularly fond of thick soup, based on turnips, cabbage, onions and flavoured with pork.... Apart from the provision of meals... and the immediate care of the very young, one of the most important daily tasks for women was the maintenance of a healthy environment for the family. A great deal of work was involved in keeping the clothing and household linens clean, with soap, sometimes imported, but more often made from wood ash, and animal fat. There was the seasonal labour in the garden and kitchens: harvesting fruits and vegetables, preserving food for the winter... weaving, spinning, knitting, sewing and mending had to be done at a time when the daylight hours were stretched only by candles and oil lamps".[13] While Antoinette would be solely responsible for the early years of child raising, she would have shared the role with her husband when the children were older.[13] They both would have overseen their elder children's chores which included caring for their younger siblings as well as working on the farm. Antoinette and Antoine would also have helped the children to acquire a great deal of practical and traditional knowledge.[14] They also taught them to assert their rights with constituted authority. Around 1687 Gargas, a querulous bureaucrat, who clashed not only with his superiors, but also the settlers,[13] called one of Antoinette's offspring "one of the most rebellious and independent inhabitants of Acadie... [possessing] more relations than almost anyone else in Port-Royal".[12][15] The Roman Catholic Church would have been an important part of their life: "The 1686 map shows a large cross, parish church (no. 2), presbytery, enclosed cemetery (no. 4), and a large formal garden with a cross at one corner. Described by Abbé Saint-Valier as "pretty enough and reasonably equipped," the church had a spire topped by a rooster... Parishioners from up and down the river gathered at Port-Royal on Sundays and feast days to hear mass celebrated by Father Petit, assisted by ten or twelve local young men in red gowns and surplices. Petit taught catechism to girls at the church while Pierre Chenet Dubreuil, a forty year old Parisien, gave lessons to boys in the presbytery... In 1685 Saint-Vallier sent a sister of the Congrégation de Notre-Dame to teach Acadian girls and, in 1686, a young supplican priest Abbé Geoffrey... built girls' and boys' schools at his own expense. Saint-Vallier hoped that [the sister's school] would be a gathering place for Acadian women and girls, and that some of them would learn to read and write well enough to assume the duties of schoolmistress."[10] The birch bark canoe (acquired from the Mi'kmaq) was an essential mode of transportation for most of the year, as well as snowshoes in winter. Visitor Lamothe Cadillac remarked that both men and women used canoes and "were quite fearless in the water".[13] Between 1687 and 1693, Antoinette lost her beloved Antoine. That time period was not only difficult personally, but also politically with the start of King William's War (1689-1697) with France. Antoinette's family would have felt its effects in May 1690 when Sir William Phipps[16] captured Port Royal, destroyed the church, plundered the settlement, and forced the inhabitants to swear an oath of allegiance to the English crown. Charles La Tourasse, a former sergeant of the French garrison, was appointed to serve as English commandant and leader of a council to keep the peace and to administer justice.[17] Phipps left Port-Royal within only 12 days of his arrival. Before the end of the summer, seaman from two ships looted Port-Royal and burned and looted between 28 and 35 homes and habitations including the parish church. There was another raid in 1693.[10] Unlike some Acadians, who were convinced to move by the raid and the lure of available land in the newer villages, the Bourgs stayed in Port-Royal through the 1690s. Antoinette had the comfort of her family and her original homestead in her last years. In 1693, 75 year old Antoinette was living at the homestead with her youngest son Abraham and his family. Her son Bernard had a farm nearby. Antoinette died sometime after 1693[18] at Port-Royal.[citation needed] As one of the recognized Mothers of Acadia and as matriarch of the Acadian Bourg family, she leaves an important legacy. The Bourg village at the original homestead prospered in Port Royal. Other descendants eventually moved to Beaubassin (Amherst NS), Mines (Hansport NS), Cobeguit (Truro NS) and Île Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).[19] Antoinette's daughters and granddaughters married into the large[19] families of LeBlanc, Boudrot, Richard, Comeau, Melanson, Thériot, Daigre, Belliveau, Allain, Breau, Babineau, Aucoin, Dugas, Brun, Guilbeau, Granger, Broussard, and Fougère.[4] Birth date: About 1618 according to 1671 census, and 1606 according to the 1686 census, or 1617 according to the 1693 census. Death date: Died between 1693 & 1698 census'. Marriage date: Before 1643, Acadie. Timeline b1605 First Nations Peoples occupy the region around the Te'wapskik (Mi'kmaq name for Dauphin/Annapolis River) for thousands of years using it as an overland route[10] 1605 French found first permanent European settlement in North America, north of St. Augustin Florida, and build the Port-Royal Habitation.[10] 1613 Virginia English Admiral burns the Port-Royal Habitation, starting a 150 year battle between the French and English in the area. The French continue to maintain a presence[10] c1618 Born, Antoinette in France 1629 Scots establish a settlement further upriver near present day Fort Anne[10] 1632 Treaty Saint-Germain-en-Laye cedes Acadia to France; Razilly brings ~300 elite men[20] 1636 D'Aulnay brings the first French families to settle permanently[19][10] c1642 Marriage to Antoine Bourg c1643 Birth of son François Bourg c1645 Birth of daughter Marie Bourg c1646 Birth of son Jean Bourg c1649 Birth of son Bernard Bourg c1650 Birth of son Martin Bourg c1653 Birth of daughter Jeanne Bourg 1654 British capture Port-Royal; French settlement ceases[21] c1655 Birth of daughter Renée Bourg c1657 Birth of daughter Huguette Bourg c1659 Birth of daughter Jeanne Bourg c1662 Birth of son Abraham Bourg c1667 Birth of daughter Marguerite Bourg 1667-70 Treaty of Breda cedes Acadia to the French; settlement resumes[22] 1671 Residence, Port-Royal 1678 Residence, Port-Royal 1686 Residence, Port-Royal 1687 War of the League of Augsburg (King William’s War) starts between England and France[13] 1690 Phipps captures and sacks Port-Royal, coerces inhabitants' oaths of allegiance to English Crown, sets up local Peacekeeping Council and leaves within 12 days.[16][23][17] Seaman from two ships later loot and burn between 28 and 35 homes/habitations including the parish church.[10] 1693 Port-Royal raid with looting and burning.[10] 1693 Residence, Port-Royal a1693 Died, in Port Royal, Acadia Sources ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Clark, Andrew Hill, Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968, p 85-6 (1606/7 Lescarbot's description of productive farming and husbandry on the shores of present-day Annapolis Basin; p 87 (arpent of land); p 88-89 (role of women in the success of agriculture). ↑ 2.0 2.1 According to Lucie LeBlanc Constantino, there is a list of “Mothers of Acadian people” preserved on large yellowed paper in the Maritime Archives (Ministry of the Colonies), in Paris. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Based on her age in the 1671 census. This is also supported by the note correcting her age in the 1686 census, though I'm not sure what the source of that note is. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 White, Stephen A., Patrice Gallant, and Hector-J Hébert. Dictionnaire Généalogique Des Familles Acadiennes. Moncton, N.-B.: Centre D'études Acadiennes, Université De Moncton, 1999, Print, p 914, 915, 221, 222. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Marriage date is based on the fact that their first child, François, was born around 1643. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Charles Trahan's translations adding land holdings to 1671 Census ↑ 7.0 7.1 Statistics Canada defines an arpent as 0.845 acres. According to Clark (see reference page 87), "The arpent was a basic French unit of land measurement, both linear and areal, but its size at the time is uncertain. In length, 200 feet may be a rough equivalent for an arpent in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; it was later standardized to 192 feet. An areal arpent may have been something less than an acre (the usual equivalent was .845 acres) although it has been given the equivalent of as much as an acre and a half in some twentieth century definitions." ↑ 8.0 8.1 Daigle, Jean. ‘Un pays qui n’est pas fait’, p61-77. In Phillip A. Buckner and John G. Reid. The Atlantic Region to Confederation. A History. University of Toronto Press, 1994,; p65 (Native and French relations); p 70 (seigneury); p75 (health); 75-76 (population growth, housing). ↑ 9.0 9.1 In 1707, sons Abraham and Bernard were farming there. When Antoinette was widowed she lived with her youngest son Abraham and his family. See map: Au Coeur de l'Acadie, Acadian Settlement on the Annapolis River, 1707 Map, Parks Canada ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 Dunn, Brenda. A History of Port Royal / Annapolis Royal 1605-1800. Nimbus Publishing, p vii,ix,1-12 (early European settlement); p13 (1629 Food abundance Scottish settlement); p32 (Church and School 1686));p 40,43 (1693 PR raid); p44-45 (1697 Treaty of Ryswick); p52-53(1702 Queen Anne’s War); p61-62 (Blockade of PR); p 71-73(1707 Attack on PR); p82-85(1710 Siege of PR). ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Webster, John Clarence. Acadia at the end of the Seventeenth Century. Letters, Journals, and Memoirs of Joseph Robineau de Villebon, Commandant in Acadia 1690-1700. Saint John NB: The New Brunswick Museum, 1934. p 128 (Port Royal 1699 agricultural produce; clothing wool and linen) ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Griffiths, Naomi E.S. The Contexts of Acadian History 1786-1784. Montreal: McGill University Press for Center for Acadian Studies Mount Allison University, p 31 (dispute between Gargas and a Bourg) p 56 (Diereville); p 60 (travel, cooking, preserving, farming, husbandry; health). ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 Griffiths, Naomi E.S., From migrant to Acadian : a North-American border people, 1604-1755, Montreal (Québec), McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005, p 143-144(Gargas' clashes with authorities and settlers); p147-151 (King William’s War); p 176-177 (women's and children's roles); p 180 (canoe transport); p 267-268 (oaths of allegiance) ↑ 14.0 14.1 Chiasson, Anselme. ‘Traditions and Oral Literature in Acadia’. In Jean Daigle (ed.) The Acadians of the Maritimes. Moncton NB: University of Moncton Centre d’études acadiennes, 1982. p 477-512. p 488 (children); ↑ 15.0 15.1 I am assuming that the Bourg mentioned by Gargas in his dispute over a canoe was an offspring and not Antoinette's husband Antoine. Antoine died after the 1686 census and would have been close to 80 when Gargas wrote his account of Acadie in 1687-88. Need to follow up reference: "Sojourn of Gargas in Acadie, 1687-8," In William Inglis Morse, Acadiensis Nova, 1:168-9, London 1935.> ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 C.P.Stacey, “PHIPS, SIR WILLIAM,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 C.Bruce Fergusson,“LA TOURASSE, CHARLES,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ 18.0 18.1 Based on the fact that she was listed in the 1693 census but not in the 1698 or 1700 census. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Massignon, Geneviève. "Les parlers français d'Acadie, enquête linguistique", Librairie Klincksieck, Paris, 1962, 2 tomes, p32 first French families in Acadia; p49(Bourg family); p42-68(size of families). ↑ George MacBeath, Biography – RAZILLY, ISAAC DE – Volume I (1000-1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed November 20 ↑ William I. Roberts, 3rd, “SEDGWICK, ROBERT,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ In collaboration, “MORILLON DU BOURG,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ Biography of William Phipps 1671 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Antoine BOURC, 62, wife Antoinette LANDRY 53; Children (4 married): Marie 26, Francois 27, Jehan 24, Bernard 22; (not married) Martin 21, Jeanne 18, Renee 16, Huguette 14, Jeanne 12, Abraham 9, Marguerite 4; cattle 12, sheep 8. 1678 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Anth(oin)e Bourg & Thoinette Landry / 3 acres; 6 cattle; 1 gun / 1 boy 10-1660 [sic](Abraham); 1 girl 11-1667 (Marguerite). 1686 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Antoine BOURC 95, Antoine LANDRY 80; child: Marguerite 18. (A note in the records says Antoine was 77 and Antoinette was 68.) 1693 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Anthoinette LANDRY widow (of Anthoine BOURG) 76, Abraham BOURG her son 31, Marie BRUN his wife 35, Jean Baptiste their son 9, Marguerite 7, Claude 5, Pierre 4, Marie 2; 12 cattle, 20 sheep, 8 hogs, 26 arpents, 1 gun. francogene.com: Sources: Sources are for Antoine Bourg (Bourque) & Antoinette Landry & Falmily: Dictionnaire genealogique des familles acadiennes (Stephen A. White); Dictionnaire des Acadiens d' Archange Godbout; Dictionnaire genealogique de L' Ancienne Acadie; Recensement 1671.

!! need to fix up kids still. No problems, just taking a break.

http://www.francogene.com/quebec--genealogy/086/086204.php

The family of Antoine BOURG and Antoinette LANDRY

[46444] BOURG, Antoine (..), born about 1609 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686), died between 1687-10-05 and census 1693

Him : Origin : would be from Martaizé (860149) (nom existe), but records are missing and there is no trace of that person

(Origine : serait de Martaizé (860149) (nom existe), mais registres lacunaires et aucune trace de lui)

• married about 1642, from .. (Acadie)

LANDRY, Antoinette (Étienne & Catherine GOULET [86204]), born about 1618 (rec. 1671), 1606 (rec. 1686) or 1617 (rec. 1693), died between census 1693 and census 1698

1) François, ploughman (laboureur), born about 1643 (rec. 1671), died between census 1678 and census 1686, married about 1665 Marguerite BOUDREAU

2) Marie, born about 1645 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686, rec. 1693, rec. 1698) or 1644 (rec. 1699), buried 1730-09-19 Port-Royal (Acadie), married about 1661 Vincent BRAULT

3) Jean, ploughman (laboureur), born about 1647 (rec. 1671), 1646 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686) or 1653 (rec. 1693), died between census 1693 and census 1698, married about 1667 Marguerite MARTIN

4) Bernard, ploughman (laboureur), born about 1648/1649 (rec. 1671), 1650 (rec. 1686), 1651 (rec. 1699) or 1647 (rec. 1701), died before 1726 Port-Royal (bim) (Acadie), married about 1670 Françoise BRUN

5) Martin, born about 1650 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686) or 1658 (rec. 1699), died Cobequid (bim) (Acadie), married about 1675 Marie POTET

6) Jeanne1, born about 1653 (rec. 1671), married about 1673 Jean Antoine BÉLIVEAU

7) Renée, born about 1655 (rec. 1671), died Pisiquit (Sainte-Famille) (bim) (Acadie), married about 1672 Charles BOUDREAU

8) Huguette, born about 1657 (rec. 1671) or 1658 (rec. 1686), married about 1675 Sébastien BRUN

9) Jeanne2, born about 1659 (rec. 1671), 1664 (rec. 1686), 1647 (rec. 1693), 1641 (rec. 1698), 1656 (rec. 1699) or 1659 (rec. 1701), died before 1724-02-22 Port-Royal (Acadie), married about 1677 Pierre COMEAU dit L'ESTURGEON

10) Abraham, born about 1662 (rec. 1671) or 1661 (rec. 1686, rec. 1701), married about 1683 Marie ou Sébastienne BRUN

11) Marguerite, born about 1667 (rec. 1671), 1668 (rec. 1686), 1671 (rec. 1701) or 1672 (sép. 1727), died 1727-09-13, buried 1727-09-14 Port-Royal (Acadie), married about 1690 Louis ALAIN

Bibliographie : Dictionnaire généalogique des familles acadiennes (White); http://www.umoncton.ca/etudeacadiennes/centre/cea.html; Dictionnaire des Acadiens d'Archange Godbout; Dictionnaire généalogique de l'Ancienne Acadie; Recensement 1671; Recensements 1671 et 1686

http://www.francogene.com/quebec--genealogy/046/046444.php

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The family of Antoine BOURG and Antoinette LANDRY

[46444] BOURG, Antoine (..), born about 1609 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686), died between 1687-10-05 and census 1693

Him : Origin : would be from Martaizé (860149) (nom existe), but records are missing and there is no trace of that person

(Origine : serait de Martaizé (860149) (nom existe), mais registres lacunaires et aucune trace de lui)

• married about 1642, from .. (Acadie)

LANDRY, Antoinette (Étienne & Catherine GOULET [86204]), born about 1618 (rec. 1671), 1606 (rec. 1686) or 1617 (rec. 1693), died between census 1693 and census 1698

     1) François, ploughman (laboureur), born about 1643 (rec. 1671), died between census 1678 and census 1686, married about 1665 Marguerite BOUDREAU

2) Marie, born about 1645 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686, rec. 1693, rec. 1698) or 1644 (rec. 1699), buried 1730-09-19 Port-Royal (Acadie), married about 1661 Vincent BRAULT
3) Jean, ploughman (laboureur), born about 1647 (rec. 1671), 1646 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686) or 1653 (rec. 1693), died between census 1693 and census 1698, married about 1667 Marguerite MARTIN
4) Bernard, ploughman (laboureur), born about 1648/1649 (rec. 1671), 1650 (rec. 1686), 1651 (rec. 1699) or 1647 (rec. 1701), died before 1726 Port-Royal (bim) (Acadie), married about 1670 Françoise BRUN
5) Martin, born about 1650 (rec. 1671, rec. 1686) or 1658 (rec. 1699), died Cobequid (bim) (Acadie), married about 1675 Marie POTET
6) Jeanne1, born about 1653 (rec. 1671), married about 1673 Jean Antoine BÉLIVEAU
7) Renée, born about 1655 (rec. 1671), died Pisiquit (Sainte-Famille) (bim) (Acadie), married about 1672 Charles BOUDREAU
8) Huguette, born about 1657 (rec. 1671) or 1658 (rec. 1686), married about 1675 Sébastien BRUN
9) Jeanne2, born about 1659 (rec. 1671), 1664 (rec. 1686), 1647 (rec. 1693), 1641 (rec. 1698), 1656 (rec. 1699) or 1659 (rec. 1701), died before 1724-02-22 Port-Royal (Acadie), married about 1677 Pierre COMEAU dit L'ESTURGEON
10) Abraham, born about 1662 (rec. 1671) or 1661 (rec. 1686, rec. 1701), married about 1683 Marie ou Sébastienne BRUN
11) Marguerite, born about 1667 (rec. 1671), 1668 (rec. 1686), 1671 (rec. 1701) or 1672 (sép. 1727), died 1727-09-13, buried 1727-09-14 Port-Royal (Acadie), married about 1690 Louis ALAIN
http://www.francogene.com/quebec--genealogy/046/046444.php

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http://larryvoyer.com/genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I94066&tree=...

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Census: 1671 Port-Royal

Census: 1686 Port-Royal

Census: 1693 Port-Royal (chez son fils Abraham, veuve)

Arrive en Acadie en 1640 avec son père et sa mère, un frère (René dit l'ainé) agé de 22 ans, un autre frère (Jean-Claude, 26 ans), une soeur Perrine agée de 29 ans. Eut au moins onze enfants avec Antoine. Selon le recencement de 1671, serait né vers 1618.

Selon Stephen White: "La dispense du quatrième degré de consanguité accordée lors du mariage de Charles Beliveau, arrière-petit-fils d'Antoine Bourg et d'Antoinette Landry, avec Marguerite Granger, arrière petite-fille de René Landry l'aîné et de Perrine Bourg (Rg GP 3 nov 1717), nous montre qu'Antoinette et René étaient frère et soeur, vu que l'absence des dispenses lors des mariages des arrières petits-enfants de Simon Pelletret et de Perrine Bourg avec ceux d'Antoine Bourg et d'Antoinette Landry élimine la possibilité qu'Antoine Bourg et Perrine Bourg soient frère et soeur. Voir famille Bourg (entre nos 1 et 2) note de S. White à propos d'Antoine Bourg et de Perrine Bourg".

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Antoinette Landry Bourg (Bourque ) est nee a Poitou en France et elle avait 25 ans lors de son mariage en 1643.

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Many Internet sites note that Antoinette's father was Jean Claude Landry and that her mother was Marie Salle. However, no census records of a "Jean Claude Landry" has been found in Acadia. It is safe and prudent to show no parentage for Antoinette, until there is conclusive documentary evidence of who they were.

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Discussion Parentage. Her parentage is much-disputed with no conclusive evidence. One theory proposes Étienne Landry and Catherine Goulet as her parents. A common myth is that Jean Claude Landry (whose name was actually just Jean Claude) and Marie Salle were Antoinette's parents. There is an explanation of this myth here. Note: Please do not add parents for Antoinette Landry. It is unknown who her parents were, so unless some new records come to light, we should refrain from guessing. Unnamed Father Landry should be kept as Antoinette's father, to connect her to her siblings. DNA. The Mothers of Acadia Maternal DNA project is conducting ongoing research to verify their origins. In 2010, Stephen White reported Antoinette Landry had an H haplogroup. I don't know the details re how many of her descendants were tested to support this report. Lucie Leblanc Constantino reported one result here. Ongoing test results are also reported here. As of February 2016, 13 descendants have reported an H haplogroup, indicating European origins. Biographie (English version below) Au cours des trois premières décennies de 1600, la colonisation agricole française en Acadie n'a pas à se développer. Bien que la terre était très fertile, un ingrédient essentiel manquait : des femmes et la stabilité de la vie familiale.[1] Les femmes pionnières françaises comme Antoinette Landry, connu sous le nom "Mothers of Acadia",[2] seraient inverser ces échecs précédents. Leur succès s'explique par leur courage et leur capacité " à cuisiner et à coudre, la récolte et la houe, et de fournir du réconfort et de l'affection de la maison".[1] Antoinette Landry est née en France vers 1618[3] Ses parents ne sont pas connus. (Voir la section de discussion.) Quand elle avait 14 ans, le traité de Saint-Germain-en-Laye cédait l'Acadie à la France et les tentatives de colonization ont débuté une fois de plus par Razilly et d'Aulnay. Antoinette, son frère René (l'aîné), et sa sœur Perrine ont été parmi ceux qui ont fait leur chemin en Acadie [4]. Vers 1642, Antoinette a attiré l'attention d'Antoine Bourg. [5] Ils se sont mariés à Port-Royal (Annapolis Royal, Nouvelle-Écosse , Canada). [citation needed] Entre 1643 et 1666, Antoinette a donné naissance à 11 enfants : François , Marie , Jean , Bernard , Martin , Jeanne , Renée , Huguette , Jeanne , Abraham , et Marguerite [4] Son dernier bébé est né quand elle avait 49 ans ! La famille s'est installée à Port-Royal. En 1671,[6] 4 arpents[7] de leurs terres ont été cultivés. Ils ont également eu 12 bêtes à cornes et 8 brebis. Antoinette et sa famille auraient probablement vécu dans une maison construite en bois , d'argile et de paille , avec un grand espace commun , zones de couchage cloisonnés, et un grenier. La base du foyer aurait projeté à l'extérieur de la maison, offrant un peu de chaleur pour les animaux.[8] La ferme familiale fut probablement situé 7,7 km à l'est de l'emplacement des Melansons sur la rive nord de la rivière Dauphin (Annapolis).[9] Selon les rapports des fonctionnaires à travers le 17ème siècle,[1][10][11] la terre était très fertile et il y avait une abondance de produits frais . En 1699, Villebon a écrit: "Il est plus de 60 ans depuis Port-Royal a été fondée et le travail de défrichage de la terre et les marais a commencé. Ces derniers ont, à l'heure actuelle, été très productive, produisant chaque année une quantité de céréales, comme le maïs, le blé, le seigle, l'avoine, les pois et non seulement pour le maintien des familles qui y vivent, mais pour la vente et le transport à d'autre régions du pays. Lin et chanvre, aussi, se développent très bien, et certains des colons de cette région utilisent uniquement le linge, faite par eux-mêmes, à des fins domestiques. La laine des moutons qu'ils soulèvent est très bonne et les vêtements portés par la majorité des hommes et des femmes est faite. Port-Royal est une petite Normandie pour les pommes ... [Plusieurs] variétés de pommier se trouvent à Port-Royal, et les poires rousses. Il existe d'autres variétés de poires et cerises ... Il y a une abondance de légumes pour la nourriture ... le chou, les betteraves, les oignons, les carottes, la ciboulette, les échalotes, navets, panais, et toutes sortes de salades, ils poussent parfaitement et ne sont pas chers. Petits pois fines ... bœuf ... Les moutons sont très gros ... cochon de lait ... Poules, coqs, chapons, oies apprivoisées poulettes, ... œufs, beurre ... Ce sont des choses qui peuvent être obtenus à partir de leur alimentation. Ils sont chasseurs ... lièvre et perdrix sont très nombreux ... il y a aussi des oiseaux sauvages ".[11] "Beacoup était disponible: rien sans le travail. "[12] Les femmes comme Antoinette ont plusieurs rôles:[13] "Les soins des animaux était parfois un effort commun et le soin des poules, des canards, des oies et a été généralement laissée aux femmes. Leurs tâches comprennent également la fourniture de trois repas par jour, sans eau courante et les feux ouverts plutôt que les poêles... les Acadiens étaient particulièrement friands de soupe épaisse, sur la base de navets, choux, oignons et aromatisé avec du porc ... en dehors de la fourniture de repas ... et la prise en charge immédiate de la très jeune, l'une des tâches quotidiennes les plus importantes pour les femmes était le maintien d'un environnement sain pour la famille. Beaucoup de travail a été impliqué dans le respect des vêtements et linge de maison propre, avec du savon, parfois importé, mais le plus souvent fabriqués à partir de la cendre de bois, et de graisses animales. Il y avait la main-d'œuvre saisonnière dans le jardin et cuisine: la récolte de fruits et légumes, la conservation des aliments pour l'hiver ... tissage, la filature, le tricotage, la couture et le raccommodage avaient à faire à un moment où les heures de la journée ont été étirés seulement par des bougies et des lampes à huile".[13] Bien qu'Antoinette aurait été seul responsable des premières années de l'éducation des enfants, elle aurait partagé le rôle avec son mari quand les enfants étaient plus âgés[13]. Ils aurait tous deux surveillé les travaux de leurs enfants aînés qui comprenait s'occuper de leurs jeunes frères et sœurs ainsi que le travail de la ferme. Antoinette et Antoine auraient également aidé les enfants à acquérir beaucoup de connaissances pratiques et traditionnelles.[14] Ils leur apprennent aussi à faire valoir leurs droits à l’autorité constituée. Vers 1687 Gargas, un bureaucrate plaintif, qui se heurte non seulement avec ses supérieurs, mais aussi les colons,[13], appela l'un des descendants d' Antoinette "l'un des habitants les plus rebelles et indépendants de l'Acadie ... [poss%C3%A9dant] plus de relations que presque quelqu'un d'autre à Port -Royal".[12][15]

L'Église catholique romaine aurait été une partie importante de leur vie : "La carte 1686 montre une grande croix, l'église paroissiale (n°2), le presbytère, le cimetière clos (n°4), et un grand jardin formel avec une croix dans un coin . Décrit par l'abbé de Saint-Valier comme "assez jolie et relativement bien équipé , " l'église a un clocher surmonté d' un coq ... les paroissiens de monter et descendre la rivière se sont réunis à Port-Royal le dimanche et les jours de fête à la messe célébrée par le Père Petit , assisté de dix ou douze jeunes hommes de la région de robes rouges et surplis . Petit enseigné le catéchisme aux jeunes filles à l'église tandis que Pierre Chenet Dubreuil, un Parisien de quarante ans, a donné des leçons aux garçons dans le presbytère ... en 1685, Saint- Vallier a envoyé une sœur de la Congrégation de Notre-Dame de enseigner aux filles acadiennes et, en 1686, un jeune prêtre supplican abbé Geoffrey ... filles construites »et les écoles de garçons à ses propres frais. Saint- Vallier espère que [l%E2%80%99%C3%A9cole de la sœur] serait un lieu de rassemblement pour les femmes et les jeunes filles acadiennes, et que certains d'entre eux d'apprendre à lire et écrire suffisamment bien pour assumer les fonctions de maîtresse d'école".[10] Le canot d'écorce de bouleau (acquis de la Mi'kmaq ) était un mode de transport essentiel pour la plupart de l'année , ainsi que des raquettes en hiver. Visiteur Lamothe Cadillac a fait remarquer que les hommes et les femmes utilisaient des canots et " étaient assez courageux dans l'eau".[13] Entre 1687 et 1693, Antoinette a perdu sa bien-aimée Antoine. Ce délai n'était pas seulement difficile personnellement, mais aussi politiquement avec le début de la guerre du roi William (1689-1697) avec la France. La famille d'Antoinette aurait senti ses effets mai 1690 lorsque Sir William Phipps[16] prise de Port -Royal, détruit l’église, pillé le règlement, et contraint les habitants à prêter un serment d’allégeance à la couronne d’Angleterre. Charles La Tourasse, un ancien sergent de la garnison française, a été nommé au poste de commandant anglais et leader d'un conseil pour maintenir la paix et d'administrer la justice.[17] Phipps a quitté Port -Royal dans seulement 12 jours après son arrivée. Avant la fin de l’été, marin de deux navires pillé Port-Royal et incendié et pillé entre 28 et 35 maisons et habitations, y compris l'église paroissiale. Il y avait un autre raid en 1693.[10] Contrairement à certains Acadiens, qui ont été convaincus de passer par le raid et l'attrait des terrains disponibles dans les nouveaux villages, les Bourgs séjourné à Port -Royal à travers les années 1690. Antoinette avait le confort de sa famille et sa ferme d'origine dans ses dernières années. En 1693, 75 ans Antoinette vivait à la ferme avec son plus jeune fils d'Abraham et de sa famille. Son fils Bernard avait une ferme à proximité. Antoinette est morte quelque temps après 1693[18] à Port-Royal.[citation needed] Comme l'une des "mères de l'Acadie" et que matriarche de la famille acadienne Bourg, Antoinette Landry laisse un héritage important. Le village de Bourg à la ferme d'origine a prospéré à Port-Royal. D'autres descendants finalement déménagé à Beaubassin (Amherst NS), des Mines (Hansport NS), Cobeguit (Truro NS) et l'île Saint -Jean (Île-du-Prince-Édouard).[19] Les filles et les petites-filles d'Antoinette marièrent dans les grandes[19] familles de LeBlanc, Boudrot, Richard, Comeau, Melanson, Thériot, Daigre, Belliveau, Allain, Breau, Babineau, Aucoin, Dugas, Brun, Guilbeau, Granger, Broussard, et Fougère.[4] Biography (version française ci-dessus) In the first three decades of 1600, French agricultural settlement in Acadia failed to develop. Although the land was very fertile, an essential ingredient was missing: women and the stability of family life.[1] French pioneer women like Antoinette Landry, known as the "Mothers of Acadia",[2] would reverse these previous failures with their fortitude and ability ” to cook and sew, harvest and hoe, and provide solace and affection of home”.[1] Antoinette Landry was born in France around 1618[3] Her parents are not known. (See discussion section.) By the time she was 14, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye ceded Acadia to France and settlement attempts were started once more by Razilly and D’Aulnay. Antoinette, her brother René (the elder), and her sister Perrine were among those who made their way to Acadia.[4] Around 1642, Antoinette caught the eye of Antoine Bourg.[5] They were married in Port Royal (Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada).[citation needed]. Between 1643 and 1666, Antoinette gave birth to 11 children: François, Marie, Jean, Bernard, Martin, Jeanne, Renée, Huguette, Jeanne, Abraham, and Marguerite.[4] Her last baby was born when she was 49 years of age! The family had settled in Port-Royal. In 1671,[6] 4 arpents[7] of their land holdings were cultivated. They also had 12 cattle and 8 sheep. Antoinette and her family would likely have lived in a house built of wood, clay, and straw, with a large common space, partitioned sleeping areas, and a loft. The base of the hearth would have projected to the exterior of the house, providing some warmth for the animals.[8] The family homestead was probably located 7.7 km east of the Melanson settlement on the north bank of the Dauphin (Annapolis) River.[9] According to the reports of officials throughout the 1600s,[1][10][11] the land was very fertile and there was an abundance of fresh food. In 1699, Villebon wrote: “It is more than 60 years since Port Royal was founded and the work of clearing the land and the marshes began. The latter have, up to the present time, been very productive, yielding each year a quantity of grain, such as corn, wheat, rye, peas and oats, not only for the maintenance of families living there but for sale and transportation to other parts of the country. Flax and hemp, also, grow extremely well, and some of the settlers of that region use only the linen, made by themselves, for domestic purposes. The wool of the sheep they raise is very good and the clothing worn by the majority of the men and women is made of it. Port Royal is a little Normandy for apples... [Several] varieties of apple tree are found at Port Royal, and russet pears. There are other varieties of pears, and cherries… There is an abundance of vegetables for food... cabbage, beets, onions, carrots, chives, shallots, turnips, parsnip, and all sorts of salads; they grow perfectly and are not expensive. Fine green peas… Beef…The sheep are very large… suckling pig… Hens, cocks, capons, pullets, tame geese... Eggs, butter... These are the things which can be obtained from them for food. They are hunters... hare and partridge are very numerous ...there are also wild fowl."[11] "Much was available: nothing without labour".[12] Women like Antoinette had several roles:[13] "The care of animals was sometimes a joint effort and the care of hens, ducks, and geese was usually left to women. Their tasks also included the provision of three meals a day, with no running water and open fires rather than stoves... the Acadians were particularly fond of thick soup, based on turnips, cabbage, onions and flavoured with pork.... Apart from the provision of meals... and the immediate care of the very young, one of the most important daily tasks for women was the maintenance of a healthy environment for the family. A great deal of work was involved in keeping the clothing and household linens clean, with soap, sometimes imported, but more often made from wood ash, and animal fat. There was the seasonal labour in the garden and kitchens: harvesting fruits and vegetables, preserving food for the winter... weaving, spinning, knitting, sewing and mending had to be done at a time when the daylight hours were stretched only by candles and oil lamps".[13] While Antoinette would be solely responsible for the early years of child raising, she would have shared the role with her husband when the children were older.[13] They both would have overseen their elder children's chores which included caring for their younger siblings as well as working on the farm. Antoinette and Antoine would also have helped the children to acquire a great deal of practical and traditional knowledge.[14] They also taught them to assert their rights with constituted authority. Around 1687 Gargas, a querulous bureaucrat, who clashed not only with his superiors, but also the settlers,[13] called one of Antoinette's offspring "one of the most rebellious and independent inhabitants of Acadie... [possessing] more relations than almost anyone else in Port-Royal".[12][15] The Roman Catholic Church would have been an important part of their life: "The 1686 map shows a large cross, parish church (no. 2), presbytery, enclosed cemetery (no. 4), and a large formal garden with a cross at one corner. Described by Abbé Saint-Valier as "pretty enough and reasonably equipped," the church had a spire topped by a rooster... Parishioners from up and down the river gathered at Port-Royal on Sundays and feast days to hear mass celebrated by Father Petit, assisted by ten or twelve local young men in red gowns and surplices. Petit taught catechism to girls at the church while Pierre Chenet Dubreuil, a forty year old Parisien, gave lessons to boys in the presbytery... In 1685 Saint-Vallier sent a sister of the Congrégation de Notre-Dame to teach Acadian girls and, in 1686, a young supplican priest Abbé Geoffrey... built girls' and boys' schools at his own expense. Saint-Vallier hoped that [the sister's school] would be a gathering place for Acadian women and girls, and that some of them would learn to read and write well enough to assume the duties of schoolmistress."[10] The birch bark canoe (acquired from the Mi'kmaq) was an essential mode of transportation for most of the year, as well as snowshoes in winter. Visitor Lamothe Cadillac remarked that both men and women used canoes and "were quite fearless in the water".[13] Between 1687 and 1693, Antoinette lost her beloved Antoine. That time period was not only difficult personally, but also politically with the start of King William's War (1689-1697) with France. Antoinette's family would have felt its effects in May 1690 when Sir William Phipps[16] captured Port Royal, destroyed the church, plundered the settlement, and forced the inhabitants to swear an oath of allegiance to the English crown. Charles La Tourasse, a former sergeant of the French garrison, was appointed to serve as English commandant and leader of a council to keep the peace and to administer justice.[17] Phipps left Port-Royal within only 12 days of his arrival. Before the end of the summer, seaman from two ships looted Port-Royal and burned and looted between 28 and 35 homes and habitations including the parish church. There was another raid in 1693.[10] Unlike some Acadians, who were convinced to move by the raid and the lure of available land in the newer villages, the Bourgs stayed in Port-Royal through the 1690s. Antoinette had the comfort of her family and her original homestead in her last years. In 1693, 75 year old Antoinette was living at the homestead with her youngest son Abraham and his family. Her son Bernard had a farm nearby. Antoinette died sometime after 1693[18] at Port-Royal.[citation needed] As one of the recognized Mothers of Acadia and as matriarch of the Acadian Bourg family, she leaves an important legacy. The Bourg village at the original homestead prospered in Port Royal. Other descendants eventually moved to Beaubassin (Amherst NS), Mines (Hansport NS), Cobeguit (Truro NS) and Île Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).[19] Antoinette's daughters and granddaughters married into the large[19] families of LeBlanc, Boudrot, Richard, Comeau, Melanson, Thériot, Daigre, Belliveau, Allain, Breau, Babineau, Aucoin, Dugas, Brun, Guilbeau, Granger, Broussard, and Fougère.[4] Birth date: About 1618 according to 1671 census, and 1606 according to the 1686 census, or 1617 according to the 1693 census. Death date: Died between 1693 & 1698 census'. Marriage date: Before 1643, Acadie. Timeline b1605 First Nations Peoples occupy the region around the Te'wapskik (Mi'kmaq name for Dauphin/Annapolis River) for thousands of years using it as an overland route[10] 1605 French found first permanent European settlement in North America, north of St. Augustin Florida, and build the Port-Royal Habitation.[10] 1613 Virginia English Admiral burns the Port-Royal Habitation, starting a 150 year battle between the French and English in the area. The French continue to maintain a presence[10] c1618 Born, Antoinette in France 1629 Scots establish a settlement further upriver near present day Fort Anne[10] 1632 Treaty Saint-Germain-en-Laye cedes Acadia to France; Razilly brings ~300 elite men[20] 1636 D'Aulnay brings the first French families to settle permanently[19][10] c1642 Marriage to Antoine Bourg c1643 Birth of son François Bourg c1645 Birth of daughter Marie Bourg c1646 Birth of son Jean Bourg c1649 Birth of son Bernard Bourg c1650 Birth of son Martin Bourg c1653 Birth of daughter Jeanne Bourg 1654 British capture Port-Royal; French settlement ceases[21] c1655 Birth of daughter Renée Bourg c1657 Birth of daughter Huguette Bourg c1659 Birth of daughter Jeanne Bourg c1662 Birth of son Abraham Bourg c1667 Birth of daughter Marguerite Bourg 1667-70 Treaty of Breda cedes Acadia to the French; settlement resumes[22] 1671 Residence, Port-Royal 1678 Residence, Port-Royal 1686 Residence, Port-Royal 1687 War of the League of Augsburg (King William’s War) starts between England and France[13] 1690 Phipps captures and sacks Port-Royal, coerces inhabitants' oaths of allegiance to English Crown, sets up local Peacekeeping Council and leaves within 12 days.[16][23][17] Seaman from two ships later loot and burn between 28 and 35 homes/habitations including the parish church.[10] 1693 Port-Royal raid with looting and burning.[10] 1693 Residence, Port-Royal a1693 Died, in Port Royal, Acadia Sources ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Clark, Andrew Hill, Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968, p 85-6 (1606/7 Lescarbot's description of productive farming and husbandry on the shores of present-day Annapolis Basin; p 87 (arpent of land); p 88-89 (role of women in the success of agriculture). ↑ 2.0 2.1 According to Lucie LeBlanc Constantino, there is a list of “Mothers of Acadian people” preserved on large yellowed paper in the Maritime Archives (Ministry of the Colonies), in Paris. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Based on her age in the 1671 census. This is also supported by the note correcting her age in the 1686 census, though I'm not sure what the source of that note is. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 White, Stephen A., Patrice Gallant, and Hector-J Hébert. Dictionnaire Généalogique Des Familles Acadiennes. Moncton, N.-B.: Centre D'études Acadiennes, Université De Moncton, 1999, Print, p 914, 915, 221, 222. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Marriage date is based on the fact that their first child, François, was born around 1643. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Charles Trahan's translations adding land holdings to 1671 Census ↑ 7.0 7.1 Statistics Canada defines an arpent as 0.845 acres. According to Clark (see reference page 87), "The arpent was a basic French unit of land measurement, both linear and areal, but its size at the time is uncertain. In length, 200 feet may be a rough equivalent for an arpent in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; it was later standardized to 192 feet. An areal arpent may have been something less than an acre (the usual equivalent was .845 acres) although it has been given the equivalent of as much as an acre and a half in some twentieth century definitions." ↑ 8.0 8.1 Daigle, Jean. ‘Un pays qui n’est pas fait’, p61-77. In Phillip A. Buckner and John G. Reid. The Atlantic Region to Confederation. A History. University of Toronto Press, 1994,; p65 (Native and French relations); p 70 (seigneury); p75 (health); 75-76 (population growth, housing). ↑ 9.0 9.1 In 1707, sons Abraham and Bernard were farming there. When Antoinette was widowed she lived with her youngest son Abraham and his family. See map: Au Coeur de l'Acadie, Acadian Settlement on the Annapolis River, 1707 Map, Parks Canada ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 Dunn, Brenda. A History of Port Royal / Annapolis Royal 1605-1800. Nimbus Publishing, p vii,ix,1-12 (early European settlement); p13 (1629 Food abundance Scottish settlement); p32 (Church and School 1686));p 40,43 (1693 PR raid); p44-45 (1697 Treaty of Ryswick); p52-53(1702 Queen Anne’s War); p61-62 (Blockade of PR); p 71-73(1707 Attack on PR); p82-85(1710 Siege of PR). ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Webster, John Clarence. Acadia at the end of the Seventeenth Century. Letters, Journals, and Memoirs of Joseph Robineau de Villebon, Commandant in Acadia 1690-1700. Saint John NB: The New Brunswick Museum, 1934. p 128 (Port Royal 1699 agricultural produce; clothing wool and linen) ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Griffiths, Naomi E.S. The Contexts of Acadian History 1786-1784. Montreal: McGill University Press for Center for Acadian Studies Mount Allison University, p 31 (dispute between Gargas and a Bourg) p 56 (Diereville); p 60 (travel, cooking, preserving, farming, husbandry; health). ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 Griffiths, Naomi E.S., From migrant to Acadian : a North-American border people, 1604-1755, Montreal (Québec), McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005, p 143-144(Gargas' clashes with authorities and settlers); p147-151 (King William’s War); p 176-177 (women's and children's roles); p 180 (canoe transport); p 267-268 (oaths of allegiance) ↑ 14.0 14.1 Chiasson, Anselme. ‘Traditions and Oral Literature in Acadia’. In Jean Daigle (ed.) The Acadians of the Maritimes. Moncton NB: University of Moncton Centre d’études acadiennes, 1982. p 477-512. p 488 (children); ↑ 15.0 15.1 I am assuming that the Bourg mentioned by Gargas in his dispute over a canoe was an offspring and not Antoinette's husband Antoine. Antoine died after the 1686 census and would have been close to 80 when Gargas wrote his account of Acadie in 1687-88. Need to follow up reference: "Sojourn of Gargas in Acadie, 1687-8," In William Inglis Morse, Acadiensis Nova, 1:168-9, London 1935.> ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 C.P.Stacey, “PHIPS, SIR WILLIAM,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 C.Bruce Fergusson,“LA TOURASSE, CHARLES,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ 18.0 18.1 Based on the fact that she was listed in the 1693 census but not in the 1698 or 1700 census. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Massignon, Geneviève. "Les parlers français d'Acadie, enquête linguistique", Librairie Klincksieck, Paris, 1962, 2 tomes, p32 first French families in Acadia; p49(Bourg family); p42-68(size of families). ↑ George MacBeath, Biography – RAZILLY, ISAAC DE – Volume I (1000-1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed November 20 ↑ William I. Roberts, 3rd, “SEDGWICK, ROBERT,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ In collaboration, “MORILLON DU BOURG,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed November 20, 2013 ↑ Biography of William Phipps 1671 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Antoine BOURC, 62, wife Antoinette LANDRY 53; Children (4 married): Marie 26, Francois 27, Jehan 24, Bernard 22; (not married) Martin 21, Jeanne 18, Renee 16, Huguette 14, Jeanne 12, Abraham 9, Marguerite 4; cattle 12, sheep 8. 1678 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Anth(oin)e Bourg & Thoinette Landry / 3 acres; 6 cattle; 1 gun / 1 boy 10-1660 [sic](Abraham); 1 girl 11-1667 (Marguerite). 1686 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Antoine BOURC 95, Antoine LANDRY 80; child: Marguerite 18. (A note in the records says Antoine was 77 and Antoinette was 68.) 1693 Acadian Census at Port Royal: Anthoinette LANDRY widow (of Anthoine BOURG) 76, Abraham BOURG her son 31, Marie BRUN his wife 35, Jean Baptiste their son 9, Marguerite 7, Claude 5, Pierre 4, Marie 2; 12 cattle, 20 sheep, 8 hogs, 26 arpents, 1 gun. francogene.com: Sources: Sources are for Antoine Bourg (Bourque) & Antoinette Landry & Falmily: Dictionnaire genealogique des familles acadiennes (Stephen A. White); Dictionnaire des Acadiens d' Archange Godbout; Dictionnaire genealogique de L' Ancienne Acadie; Recensement 1671.

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NOTES (1) Avery-Deslauriers [see sources] shows Antoinette born ABT 1618 inSeigneury of Aulnay, Martaize, Department of Vienne, France 1671, Acadia, age 53 1686, Acadia, age 80 CITING THIS RECORD "Pedigree Resource File," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/2:2:37RX-Q41 : accessed 22 July 2018), entry for Antoinette /LANDRY/, cites sources; "Curtis Family Norwood Mass" file (2:2:2:MMD6-WQ1), submitted 30 January 2015 by George T Curtis Jr [identity withheld for privacy].

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SOURCES (1)

   Dictionnaire Généalogique Des Familles Acadiennes, Première Partie 1636 à 1714

CITING THIS RECORD "Pedigree Resource File," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/2:2:SYM9-424 : accessed 29 July 2018), entry for Antoinette /Landry/, cites sources; file (2:2:2:MMQJ-MLS), submitted 12 May 2011.

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ID: I1525 Name: Antoinette LANDRY Given Name: Antoinette Surname: Landry Sex: F Birth: Abt 1618 in , , , France Death: Aft 1692 in , , , Acadia Reference Number: 577, 1033 Event: 1173, 2437, 2469, 2521, 2541, 5053 Custom ID+ _UID: 283E493C3EEED411AFD90050DA8458AF3979 Change Date: 21 Sep 2016 at 10:12 Note: !BIRTH-BROTHER-MARRIAGE-CHILDREN-CENSUS-DEATH: Stephen A. White, DICTIONNAIRE GENEALOGIQUE DES FAMILLES ACADIENNES; 1636-1714; Moncton, New Brunswick, Centre d'Etudes Acadiennes, 1999, 2 vols.; pp. 221 & 915; own copy. Antoinette LANDRY, sister of René the elder, born around 1618. She married around 1642 to Antoine BOURG; eleven children. She died after the 1693 census.

!MARRIAGE: Arsenault, H&G, p. 448 (Port Royal, husband's entry). No entry of own.

!BIRTH: Adrien Bergeron, LE GRAND ARRANGEMENT DES ACADIENS AU QUEBEC, vol. 2. Sister of Rene LANDRY.

!BROTHER: "Progenitors--Those Most Misunderstood," ACADIAN GENEALOGY EXCHANGE; ; vol. XXIII, no. 4 (Oct 1994); P. 118; own copy; these facts have been verified by the Centre d'Etudes acadiennes as accurate. "LANDRY--The two René's are not related. Antoinette LANDRY, wife of Antoine BOURG, was the sister of René the Elder, married to Perrine BOURG."

!BROTHER: E-mail posting at <ACADIAN-CAJUN-L@rootsweb.com> #266 on 23 Nov 1998 by (Don2717@aol.com). Quoting Stephen A. WHITE, he concludes that using marriage dispensations, it can be "amply proved" that Antoinette LANDRY was a sister to the elder René LANDRY.

!CENSUS: 1671, Port Royal, Acadia, age 53 years [but her youngest child is 4].

!CENSUS: 1686, Port Royal, Acadia, age 80 [sic], living with husband, listed as age 95 [sic]. [Is Marguerite, age 18, living with them their youngest daughter? If so, Antoinette likely born about 1624.]

!CENSUS: 1693, Port Royal, age 76 years [so born about 1617], living as widow with son Abrahan [BOURG], age 31, and his family. She is listed at head of household. They have 12 cattle, 20 sheep, 8 pigs, on 26 arpents of land, with 1 gun.

Father: LANDRY

Marriage 1 Antoine BOURG b: Abt 1609 in , , , France Married: Abt 1642 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Change Date: 21 Sep 2016 Children Has Children Francois BOURG b: Abt 1643 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Marie BOURG b: Abt 1645 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Jean BOURG b: Abt 1646 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Bernard BOURG b: Abt 1648 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Martin BOURG b: Abt 1650 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Jeanne BOURG b: Abt 1653 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Renee BOURG b: Abt 1655 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Huguette BOURG b: Abt 1657 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Jeanne BOURG b: Abt 1659 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Abraham BOURG b: Abt 1662 in Port Royal, , , Acadia Has Children Marguerite BOURG b: Abt 1667 in Port Royal, , , Acadia

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@R-2138817487@ Public Member Trees Ancestry.com Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2006.Original data - Family trees submitted by Ancestry members.Original data: Family trees submitted by Ancestry members. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created.

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Ancestry Family Trees http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=983211&pid=607

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@R1253688256@ Canada, Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,60527::0

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1,60527::3333290

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@R1253688256@ Canada, Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,60527::0

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1,60527::3333290

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@R1253688256@ Canada, Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,60527::0

GEDCOM Source

1,60527::3333290

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@R1253688256@ Canada, Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,60527::0

GEDCOM Source

1,60527::3333290

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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: Name: Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);;;

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Antoinette Landry, person ID M11D-WNQ. 3

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: Name: Name: Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);;;;

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Antoinette Landry, person ID M11D-WNQ.

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: Name: Name: Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);;;;

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Felix Baltazar Bernard Dumontier, person ID L58T-LGW. 3

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Antoinette Landry, person ID M11D-WNQ. 3

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Antoinette Landry, person ID M11D-WNQ. 3

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: Name: Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);;;

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Antoinette Landry, person ID M11D-WNQ. 3

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: Name: Name: Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);;;;

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Antoinette Landry, person ID M11D-WNQ.

GEDCOM Source

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "FamilySearch Family Tree," database, FamilySearch Name: Name: Name: Name: (https://www.familysearch.org);;;;

GEDCOM Source

accessed 12 Jun 2018), entry for Felix Baltazar Bernard Dumontier, person ID L58T-LGW. 3

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BIO: Antoinette married Antoine Bourg in 1636, in Port-Royal, Acadie. They are the parents of the following:1) Francois (1643-) md Marguerite Boudreau2) Marie (1645-1677) md Vincent Brault3) Jean (1647-1703) md Marguerite Martin4) Bernard (1648-) md Francoise Brun5) Martin (1650-) md Marie Potet6) Jeanne (1653-) md Jean-Antoine Belliveau7) Renee (1655-1689) md Charles Boudreau8) Huguette (1657-) md Sebastian Brun9) Jeanne (1659-) md Pierre Comeau10) Abraham (1662-) md Marie-Sebastienne11) Marguerite (1667-1727) md Louis Alain; Please note that according to Stephen A White, Antoinette died sometime after 1693, since she is listed in the 1693 Port-Royal census but not on the 1698 census. So she died between those two dates.The following census is provided by Donna Storz #47773759:1693 Port Royal Census: Anthoinette LANDRY (widow of Anthoine BOURG) 76, Abraham BOURG (son) 31, Marie BRUN (wife) 35, Jean Baptiste 9, Marguerite 7, Claude 5, Pierre 4, Marie 2; 12 cattle, 20 sheep, 8 pigs, 26 arpents, 1 gun Antoine and Antoinette are the grandparents of Joseph Theriault and Euphrosine Terriot, through their daughter Marie. :: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/144085911/antoinette-landry

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https://gw.geneanet.org/ra41dr07?lang=en&pz=danielle&nz=drouin&p=an...

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https://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/GenealogieQuebec.aspx?genealogie=Land...

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https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1Q6-W1V

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https://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/biography.aspx?name=Landry_Antoinette...

Biographie Landry Antoinette

Son origine n'est pas certaine. Selon Stephen White née vers 1618.

Il y a un acte du 20 octobre 1616 à Beaumont-en-Vernon. Jean-Marie Germe n'a jamais confirmé que c'était celle d'Acadie mais cet acte se trouve dans le même registre que des documents d'Isaac de Razilly

(Antoinette Landry baptisée le 22 octobre 1616 à Beaumont en Véron ( Indre et Loire ) Source : Jean-Marie Germe bulletin AGCF/OEDIL de 1999, Marie-Christine Chaillou)

b Antoinette Landry 20/10/1616 F° 32/373 signature d'Isaac de Razilly F° 81/373 femme de Claude de Razilly qui recrutait les gens, elle signe à maintes reprises comme F° 103/373 Charles de Razilly gouverneur de Brouage présent à diverses reprises comme F° 108/373 etc

Thèse du département de la Vienne (Loudunais)

Pour la thèse du département de la Vienne (Loudunais) comme lieu d'origine des migrants acadiens, ce fût une simple hypothèse de Mlle Massignon en 1962 que certains ont repris comme certitude et surtout ici en France une association diffuse cette erreur (puisqu'à ce jour aucun document ne permet de dire cela ! ) le seul Etienne Rebecheau n'est jamais parti de la Chaussée, il n'y a rien dutout à Martaizé sur Antoine Bourg etc...

et il n'y a aucun document sur Isaac de Razilly qui dirait qu'il est venu à La Chaussé ou Mataizé etc... certains avaient même écrit que Razilly en 1632 était parti d'Aulnay (Loudunais) alors qu'il est parti d'Auray (Bretagne) !

(Hans Waldispuhl en collaboration avec Marie-Christine Chaillou, mars 2017)

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She came directly to Acadie from from France. She met Antoine Bourg in Acadie and married him there. She died in Port Royal Acadie in 1693

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@R703549614@ Ancestry Family Trees Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.

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Ancestry Family Tree http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=159754148&pi...

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!Antoinette Landry was 53 yrs. in 1671 census of Port Royal.
-Acadian Genealogy Exchange April 1993 pg 39- Steve White's Corner-
"Response to letter from Dr. Donald J. Landry of Metairie, La:
...regarding the origins of the LANDRYS, I must say there is probably no other Acadian family about whose background there has been so much speculation and wishful thinking. The result is that what we do actually know about the LANDRY families who immigrated from France to Acadia has come to be regrettably enshrouded in a dense fog of error and confusion.
Four individuals named LANDRY who were all born in France appear in the
Acadian censuses of 1671, 1678, 1686 and 1693. Two of these were men, both
named Rene, and two were women, named Perrine and Antoinette. Many researchers have presumed that these four LANDRYs were all closely related, but such is not the case. In fact, while it is possible to prove that Antoinette LANDRY was the sister of one of the Renes and permissible to believe that Perrine LANDRY was his sister as well, it can also be demonstrataed that the three siblings could not have been any more nearly related to the other Rene LANDRY than as cousins in the third degree.
The proofs to which I have just alluded repose in the presence or absence of dispensations for consanguinity in the records of the marriages of the
descendants of the LANDRYs. As you may know, until the First World War the
Catholic Church required dispensation of relationships, whether by blood or by marriage, as remote as the fourth degree, that is, as distant as those between third cousins, or persons whose great-grandparents included siblings. In the case of Antoinette LANDRY and the elder Rene LANDRY, we find, for example, that when Antoinette's great-grandson Francois BRUN married the elder Rene's great-granddaughter Madeleine DUPUIS, Oct. 24, 1735 at Port Royal, there was a dispensation granted the young couple for fourth degree consanguinity. I can refer you to at least eight more marriage records in which like dispensations are marked down, all involving great-grandchildren of Antoinette LANDRY who wed great-grandchildren of the elder Rene Landry. Two among these eight are mentioned in an article on the LANDRYs that the late Father Patrice Gallant published in the Cahiers de la Societe historique acadienne in 1972 (vol. IV, pp.271-273). Unfortunately, Father Gallant confused the question of the relationships among the LANDRY's, despite his good intentions, by misidentifying the parents of Madeleine DUPUIS's parents, Jean DUPUIS and Anne RICHARD. He confounded Jean and Anne with another couple, Jean DUPUIS and Marguerite RICHARD, who were the other Jean's nephew and Anne's first cousin. By chance both DUPUIS couples descended from LANDRYs, but Anne RICHARD, the true ancestor, was a granddaughter of the elder Rene LANDRY, while the Jean DUPUIS who married Marguerite RICHARD was a grandson of the younger Rene LANDRY. Father Gallant thus got the two Rene LANDRYs mixed up, which gave him the impression that both Rene LANDRY's were Antoinette LANDRY's brothers, and thus brothers one to the other. As you can see, however, the dispensations to which Father Gallant referred when properly worked out only have the potential to connect the elder Rene LANDRY to Antoinette.
As both Antoinette LANDRY and the elder Rene LANDRY married BOURGs, it would appear that one could explain the relationship between their respective descendants equally well by supposing that Antoine BOURG and Perrine BOURG were siblings. Fortunately, there is an easy way to resolve this apparent dilemma. Perrine BOURG had first married Simon PELLETRET, and their two daughters had numerous descendants, at least seven of whom married descendants of Antoine BOURG who would have been their third cousins, if Perrine and Antoine had in fact been sister and brother. Not one of the records of these marriages includes a dispensation for any degree of consanguinity whatsoever. The possibility that Perrine and Antoine were siblings can thus be eliminated, leaving only the possibility, which may therby be considered amply proved, that Antoinette LANDRY was a sister of the elder Rene LANDRY.
The widow Perrine LANDRY, who had married Jacques JOFFRIAU but is not known
to have had any children, is listed in the censuses of 1671 and 1678 as
residing beside or with Laurent GRANGER and Marie LANDRY. As Marie LANDRY was a daughter of the elder Rene LANDRY, it may be supposed that Perrine was very
nearly related to him, too. Given that Perrine was sixty years old in 1671,
when the elder Rene was himself fifty-three, it seens quite likely that Perrine was this Rene's sister.
On the other hand, your ancestor, the younger Rene LANDRY, was not closely
related to any of these other LANDRYs. We can be sure of this from the absence of dispensations in the records of the marriages of his descendants to descendants of either the elder Rene LANDRY or Antoinette LANDRY. The younger Rene's grandson Germain DUPUIS, for example, married the elder Rene's
granddaughter Marie GRANGER Nov. 3, 1717 at Grand-Pre, without any dispensation for kindred. Had the two Rene's been even first cousins, there would have had to be a dispensation for consanguinity in the fourth degree in this record. Regarding Antoinette LANDRY and the younger Rene, I would point out the absense of dispensations in the marriages of Joseph LANDRY and Marie Josephe BOURG Jan.11, 1745, at Grand-Pre, of Francois LANDRY and Dorothee BOURG Nov. 21,1731 at Grand-Pre, and of Jean DAIGRE and Madeleine LANDRY, Nov. 6, 1721 at Grand-Pre. In all three of these instances the LANDRYs were grandchildren of the younger Rene, and their three spouses were all great-grandchildren of Antoinette LANDRY. We can thus rule out any possibility of the younger Rene being the brother, or even the nephew, of Antoinette.
As Father d'Entremont has explained to you in his letter, Jean Claude LANDRY is effectively fictitous. There is no record showing that such a person ever existed. The husband of Marie SALLE is simply called Jean (or Jehan) CLAUDE in the census of 1671 and 1678. An enthusiastic and overly imaginative researcher added the LANDRY to this individual's name in an effort to explain why Marie SALLE resided between the younger Rene LANDRY and his son Antoine in 1686. He supposed that this was the same Marie SALLE who married Martin AUCOIN at La Rochelle in 1632, which does seem quite possible, and that through this marriage she was related to Michelle AUCOIN, with whose daughter she resided in 1671 and 1678, which is also possible. But the only way this researcher could connect Marie SALLE with the younger Rene LANDRY was in guessing that her Jean CLAUDE was really a LANDRY and further that he must have been the younger Rene's father. This is merely wishful thinking. For one thing, there is just no logic in supposing that Jean CLAUDE's family name could have been consistently omitted by two differrent census takers.
While I agree with Father d'Entremont that Marie SALLE's husband was named
simply Jean CLAUDE, and not Jean-Claude LANDRY, I do not believe that Jean
CLAUDE was of necessity an Indian. He might have been such of course, but he
might just have well have been a Frenchman, for CLAUDE was a well-known French family name in the 1600's, as well as an Indian one. The censuses provide no suggestion of what Jean CLAUDE's origin was, so I think the question remains open.
Another difficulty with your ancestor the younger Rene LANDRY concerns his
absence from the 1671 census. Some researchers have thought that this signified that he had not yet immigrated to Acadia by that time, but it can be shown that the 1671 census is incomplete, and thus the omission of anyone from it does not prove that that person only arrived in Acadia after that date. Indeed, the records of the LEBORGNE family in series E of the Archives des colonies (dossier E 277) mention transactions involving the younger Rene LANDRY's wife's brother-in-law, Guyon CHIASSON, between 1668 and 1674, so we know for certain that the CHIASSONS were at "Mouchecoudabouet" during those years. It is in my opinion that quite likely the younger Rene LANDRY and his family lived in close proximity with the CHIASSONS around that time. As Bona Arsenault has indicated, for the elder Rene LANDRY to have been called "l'aine" in the 1671 census presupposes that another Rene LANDRY must have lived somewhere is Acadia at the same time.
As Father d'Entremont suggests, no one knows who the parents of the younger
Rene LANDRY were, nor where he was born. As Father Archange Godbout mentions in his Dictionnaire des Acadiens, the younger Rene "came from France with his
wife." This Father Godbout pointed out in the Memoires de la Societe
canadienne-francaise (vol.V, p.5), this expression on those depositions means
simply that both the husband and wife were born in France, but does not
necessarily mean that they came to Acadia together, much less already married
to one another. So all we can say is that your ancestor Rene LANDRY was born in France about 1634. We do not know whether he came to Acadia alone or with
other relatives. As I have explained above, however, we do know that he was not closely related to any of the other LANDRYs in Acadia.
Father Godbout also published in the Memoires (vol.VI,pp.123-125) an
excellent brief study of the BERNARD family in Acadia. In this he explained the documentary proof that Marie BERNARD and Jeanne BERNARD were full sistser and the Jean BELLIVEAU was their half-brother. He also mentioned that, while we can be sure that Andree GUYON was the mother of these three persons, there is nothing to show us who her first husband BERNARD was. But he argued that the BERNARD family was very likely one of the pioneer families of Acadia. From this we may understand that Andree GUYON probably came to the New World with her first husband at some time during the period between 1636 and 1650. Marie BERNARD must have been no more than a small child at the time, if indeed she had been born at all. Her marriage to Rene LANDRY very probably took place in Acadia.
The reason why it is very difficult to trace early Acadian Families to their places of origin in France is because all of Acadia's early records, whether parish registers, notarial archives, or others, have all long since been lost.....It is a real handicap in Acadian research. In the case of certain families, possible places of origin can be deduced from the fact that their names could only be found in certain areas of France, or even in particular parishes, around the time of emigration. I am given to understand that the LANDRY name, for example, is well known in the area around Loudun in Poitou (N. Bujold and M. Caillebeau, Les origines francaises des premieres familles acadiennes: le sud Loudunais (Poitiers: Imprimerie L'Union, 1979p.32) but is rather hard to find elsewhere in France.

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wikiTrees:
antoinette landry
Birth  1618 • Loudun, Vienne, France
Death  1693 • Port Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada
Marriage  1642 • Port Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada
Parents  pere landry
Spouse  antoine joseph bourg babineau
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/107097

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weRelate:
Antoinette Landry
Birth  1618
Death  1693 • Nova Scotia, Canada
Marriage  1642
Spouse  antoine bourg
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Antoinette+Landry+%281%29

GEDCOM Note

weRelate:
Antoinette Landry
Birth  1618 • Poitou, France
Death  1686 • Port Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Antoinette+Landry+%284%29

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FamilySearch: Family Tree
Antoinette Landry
Birth  20 August 1618 • La Ventrouze, Orne, Lower Normandy, France
Death  1686 • Port Royal, Annapolis, Nova Scotia, Canada
Parents  Landry
Spouse  Antoine Bourg
Children  Abraham Bourg • Bernard Bourg • Francois Bourg Dit Bourque • Huguette Bourg • Jean Bourg dit Bourque • Jeanne Bourg 2 • Jeanne Bourque • Magdeleine Renee Bourg • Marguerite Bourg • Marie Bourg • Martin Bourg

Lead confidence: 5
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/L1Q6-W1V

GEDCOM Note

!BIRTH: Information from Beauregard, Dictionnaire Genealogique l'Ancienne Acadia, available on the Internet at http://www.cam.org/beaur/dgaa/dgaa-b4.html (gives year of birth, assumed to be in Port Royal). !CHRISTENING: Information from Beauregard, Dictionnaire Genealogique l'Ancienne Acadia, available on the Internet at http://www.cam.org/beaur/dgaa/dgaa-b4.html !MARRIAGE: Information from Beauregard, Dictionnaire Genealogique l'Ancienne Acadia, available on the Internet at http://www.cam.org/beaur/dgaa/dgaa-b4.html (establishes the marriage but gives no date). !DEATH: Information not found; assumed to be at Port Royal. !BURIAL: Information not found.

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!BIRTH: Generations ... Past to Present, Vol. 1, by Phobe Chauvin Morrison, p. 67. Published by Terrebonne Genealogical Society, Houma, LA. Book located in Dallas Public Library. !MARRIAGE: Generations ... Past to Present, Vol. 1, by Phobe Chauvin Morrison, p. 67. Published by Terrebonne Genealogical Society, Houma, LA. Book located in Dallas Public Library.

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Parents/Siblings
"Her parents are not known; however, circumstantial evidence suggests she was the sister of Rene Landry, born in 1618, from La Chausse, in the region of Loudun, department of Vienne, France." - Acadian Genealogies 14th to 19th Centuries, record submitted by Floyd Weber (address unknown)

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Sister of Rene' Landry. She was living with her son , Abraham, in 1693.

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date of death
Please note that according to Stephen A White, Antoinette died sometime after 1693, since she is listed in the 1693 Port-Royal census but not on the 1698 census. So she died between those two dates.

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!Arrived in Acadia 1636. Info Historie et Genealogie des Acadiens, Bk #2, p 448, 449. Related through two lines to her. One through Martin and one though Renee Bourc. RELATIONSHIP: 8 G G SON and 9 G GSON

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Email Regarding Parents
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 1998 07:18:56 -0700 From: "Suzanne Whyte" (swhyte@email.msn.com) Hope this is some interest in regards to your question Suzanne Whyte From, "Acadian Genealogy Exchange", Vol. XXII, No. 2, pp. 39-42, 'Steve Antoinette Landry, a native of France, was born about 1618, in LaChausee,in th region of Loudun, department of Vienne, France. Her parents arenot known; however, circumstantialevidence suggests she was the sisterof Rene Landry. About 1636, she married Antoine Bourg, born in 1609, anative of Martaize, in the region of Loudun, department of Vienne,France. Antoinette and Antoine settled in the Port Royal Area. ******************************************************************************* 1693 Acadian Census:Antoinette Landry (widow of Antoine Bourg) 76, Abraham Bourg (son) 31,Marie Brun (wife) 35, Jean Baptiste 9, Marguerite 7, Claude 5, Pierre 4,Marie 2; 12 cattle, 20 sheep, 8 pigs, 26 arpents, 1 gun *******************************************************************************

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Antoinette Landry Antoinette Landry Birthdate:circa 1618 Birthplace:La Ventrouze, Basse-Normandie, France Death:Died 1693 in Port-Royal, Acadie Place of Burial:Port-Royal, Acadie Immediate Family: Daughter of Étienne Landry and Catherine Goulet Wife of Antoine Bourg Mother of Francois Bourg; Marie Bourg; Jean Bourg; Bernard Armande Amand Bourg; Martin Bourg and 7 others Sister of Perrine Landry and René l'Aîné Landry

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Biographie Landry Antoinette

Son origine n'est pas certaine. Selon Stephen White née vers 1618.

Il y a un acte du 20 octobre 1616 à Beaumont-en-Vernon. Jean-Marie Germe n'a jamais confirmé que c'était celle d'Acadie mais cet acte se trouve dans le même registre que des documents d'Isaac de Razilly

(Antoinette Landry baptisée le 22 octobre 1616 à Beaumont en Véron ( Indre et Loire )
Source : Jean-Marie Germe bulletin AGCF/OEDIL de 1999, Marie-Christine Chaillou)

b Antoinette Landry 20/10/1616 F° 32/373
signature d'Isaac de Razilly F° 81/373
femme de Claude de Razilly qui recrutait les gens, elle signe à maintes reprises comme F° 103/373
Charles de Razilly gouverneur de Brouage présent à diverses reprises comme F° 108/373 etc

Thèse du département de la Vienne (Loudunais)

Pour la thèse du département de la Vienne (Loudunais) comme lieu d'origine des migrants acadiens, ce fût une simple hypothèse de Mlle Massignon en 1962 que certains ont repris comme certitude et surtout ici en France une association diffuse cette erreur (puisqu'à ce jour aucun document ne permet de dire cela ! ) le seul Etienne Rebecheau n'est jamais parti de la Chaussée, il n'y a rien dutout à Martaizé sur Antoine Bourg etc...

et il n'y a aucun document sur Isaac de Razilly qui dirait qu'il est venu à La Chaussé ou Mataizé etc... certains avaient même écrit que Razilly en 1632 était parti d'Aulnay (Loudunais) alors qu'il est parti d'Auray (Bretagne) !

(Hans Waldispuhl en collaboration avec Marie-Christine Chaillou, mars 2017)