Lt. Archibald Bell, Free Settler "Young William" 1807

Biographical Summary

Archibald Bell (1773-1837), soldier and magistrate, was the son of Archibald Bell, a Nonconformist minister and schoolmaster of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England. He worked for a time as a schoolteacher, and in 1794 married Maria Kitching of Cheshunt. He served in the Hertford Southern Yeomanry as a lieutenant, and was commissioned an ensign in the New South Wales Corps in December 1806. He arrived in Sydney on 12 July 1807 in the Young William with his wife and nine children, and property worth more than £500; unfortunately the transport commissioners had felt it 'totally impracticable' also to convey his Alderney cow. He was recommended by 'persons of great respectability', notably Sir Abraham Hume, as leaving the country 'not from distress, unfortunate antecedents, or any circumstance affecting his conduct or character', but in hope that the colony might offer him better prospects. He received a town allotment and 500 acres (202 ha) near Richmond, which Major George Johnston confirmed when he seized power. Another child was born soon after his arrival, and his colonial life was characterized by a continual effort to provide for his large family.

He lost little time in entering the public life of the colony in spectacular fashion. He was the officer to whom William Bligh complained when his daughter was insulted in church on 28 September 1807. Bell was in charge of the guard at Government House when Bligh was arrested on 26 January 1808 and was deeply implicated in this incident, in spite of later denials. Johnston appointed him a magistrate on 27 January and Bell added his signature to the letter thankfully accepting Johnston as the deliverer of the colony; in April, however, he refused Johnston's request to him and seventeen other officers to sign a resolution praising John Macarthur. After Bligh's arrest, Bell served as military commandant at the Hawkesbury, where he had to combat two destructive floods, receiving 1000 acres (405 ha) from Lieutenant-Governor William Paterson for his meritorious service. Before he left for England as a witness at Johnston's trial, Bell had built a comfortable home on his property Belmont, near Richmond, where Lachlan Macquarie visited him in November 1810.

In November 1812 Macquarie confirmed his two grants, a grace he did not extend to other rebels except for good reason, but Bell had performed valuable service and had a large family to care for. Macquarie's confirmation refutes the charges against him by Michael Mason that he was guilty of corrupt and illicit trading at the Hawkesbury. In 1811 he was appointed a lieutenant in the New South Wales Veterans Company and permitted to return to New South Wales, and in 1812-18 he commanded a detachment of the 73rd Regiment at Windsor. In 1818 he acted as barracks master and helped to found the Hawkesbury Benevolent Society.

His greatest colonial activity began with his appointment in 1820 as chief police magistrate in the Windsor area, where he was the first paid magistrate and occupied a government house valued at £1000, as well as his own Belmont. Although an exclusive he supported Macquarie in his evidence to Commissioner John Thomas Bigge. He took his judicial duties as seriously as other aspects of public life. He was on the committee of the 'native institution' from 1819. A devout but broadminded Anglican, he was closely interested in all religious observances in his area. In 1820 he noted with approval that 'several churches in the district are well filled, and almost every respectable family are pretty general in attendance'. In 1822 he signed a recommendation that government aid be given for building a Roman Catholic chapel, and in 1828-29 he chaired meetings of the Wesleyan Society.

His personal and judicial character were controversial. Old men, to whom Samuel Boughton later spoke, thought him a hard master, but Boughton thought this 'exaggerated', and it can be countered by the emphasis others placed on Bell's popularity and the respect in which he was generally held. Certainly he had a harsh law to administer to an unruly frontier society and, as with other benches, the punishments imposed at Windsor were sometimes irregular. The extent to which his social conscience as well as his economic needs motivated him can be seen in the variety of public committees on which he served and of the petitions he signed. He loved performing marriages which his office gave him power to do. He once arranged a union between two quarrelsome convicts; it soon failed and its partners sought a divorce, which Bell agreed to sanction only if they both recited the Lord's Prayer backwards. The marriage continued.

Like his whole class he tried to influence the government's economic policy to his advantage. In 1822 he signed memorials against dollar payments and for the repeal of duties on wool, and in 1831 both he and his son Archibald signed a memorial to Darling protesting about the impossibility of collecting rent on crown grants without ruin to the settlers on them.

On 30 January 1829 a royal warrant for the Legislative Council nominated Bell as the seventh of nine men to fill any vacancy. On 29 September 1832 he was appointed to the council, and held the seat until his death. He generally supported the policies of Governor Sir Richard Bourke, who frequently praised his services. His most notable role was in advocating jury reforms. As a magistrate he had reported favourably on the limited jury system in 1825, and later signed petitions to parliament for the introduction of trial by jury in the English form into New South Wales. With John Blaxland and Robert Campbell junior, he was one of those with 'the largest property and highest respectability' whom Bourke saw as the staunchest supporters in the council of the 1833 Jury Act. He also served on various sub-committees of the council, chiefly those on the administration of justice. He died on 23 April 1837, in Bourke's words, 'an ancient and estimable colonist', both wealthy and respected.

Members of his large family also achieved distinction. Some of his daughters married men who became the first settlers of Queensland. One son, William Sims, explored part of the Hunter valley in 1820 and later settled near Singleton; another, James Thomas, was a local magistrate at Windsor from 1839 to 1844.

His most distinguished son was Archibald Bell (1804-1883), who first achieved prominence at 19 by his discovery of a new route across the Blue Mountains, although George Bowen later claimed that he had previously crossed the mountains on Bell's route on a private trip. Bell noticed that an Aboriginal woman, captured near Belmont by a tribe from the west of the Blue Mountains, escaped and returned by a route different from that taken by the tribe. He followed her directions from Richmond to Mount Tomah on 1-5 August 1823; he was then unable to find a safe descent to the west, but next month returned and found a safe way into the Hartley valley. A road was surveyed by Robert Hoddle and built along his route by convict labour, though according to Mrs Felton Mathews's Journal, this route was found so arduous by 1834 that it was little used until several deviations from Bell's Line were made later. Its advantage then was in avoiding the steep Mount York descent of Wentworth's route and in providing more resting places for stock. The township Bell, Mount Bell and the route itself were named after the explorer.

Immediately after this success, Bell left Belmont for the Hunter valley, following the route of John Howe and Benjamin Singleton, whom he found dying of starvation at Patrick's Plains. This expedition won him a grant of 1000 acres (405 ha) near Singleton. He named his estate Corinda, built a handsome two-storey stone house on it, and was one of the earliest settlers in the area. He was one of the first to introduce cattle there, and the first to bring in horse teams. On Corinda he specialized in breeding 'coachers' and hackney horses, with which he monopolized the Sydney market for some years. He explored some of the main tributaries of the Hunter, thereby obtaining various estates in the Hunter valley, and in 1849 moved from Corinda to Milgarra because of the droughts and depression. In 1859 he bought Pickering on the Hunter River, a fertile freehold estate of 8000 acres (3237 ha), where he lived until his death on 9 August 1883.

After 1826 he had followed his father's interest in public affairs. His name appeared on several petitions for reforms and in 1842 he was a member of the association for seeking permission to import coolies from India. In the same year he was appointed a magistrate at Patrick's Plains. In 1868 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Upper Hunter. He retired in 1872 but in 1879 was appointed to the Legislative Council. Advancing years made his attendance irregular, and he played little part in either House beyond voting at the sessions he did attend.

SOURCE: J. D. Heydon, 'Bell, Archibald (1773–1837)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, accessed 2 October 2013.

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Archibald Bell was appointed Ensign in the New South Wales Corps on the 11th December,1806 and arrived in Sydney to take up duty on the 7th July, 1807 in the Young William accompanied by his wife Maria Kitchen,with their nine children.

In consonance with an instruction by the Secretary of State concerned , he was placed in possession of 500acres of land on or before 31st October,1807, but a valid deed of grant was not issued until 1st January,1810.

The deed provided that the property situated in the District of Richmond Hill, was to be known by the name of "Belmont"

At the same time,a deed of grant for a further and a joining 1,000 acres. That grant was name " Wormley Bury".1807 - 2007.

In 1809 Lt.-Gov. Paterson issued Lt. A. Bell a grant, under the Great Seal of the Colony, of 40.5 rods in Macquarie Street for his vegetable garden. Lt. Archibald Bell was then granted land at 'Belmont', North Richmond where he lived until his death.

http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bell-archibald-1762

• Reference: Australia Deaths and Burials, 1816-1980 - SmartCopy: Feb 4 2017, 1:53:11 UTC

CHAPTER V.

DISTRICT NOMENCLATURE.

WINDSOR: Formerly Green Hills. Governor Macquarie considered the place resembled the site of the Royal town of Windsor in England.

Newtown was built on much later than the Windsor part.

Hawkesbury: Baron Hawkesbury, Earl Liverpool, 1770-1828.

Wilberforce: William Wilberforce, English statesman, 1759-1833.

Clarendon: So called after William Cox's homestead. Clarendon being an English statesman, and a town.

CHAPTER I. —HAWKESBURY AND GREEN HILLS II. —PIONEERS

    Thompson, Fitzgerald, Arndell, Mileham,

    Bell, Brabyn, Youl, Fulton, Cartwright,

    Cox, Dight.

Lieutenant A. Bell.

Ensign A. Bell arrived in New South Wales in the ship William and Ann with the 103rd Regiment in 1803. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in 1807, and was afterwards attached to the Royal Veteran Company. He took part in the arrest of Governor Bligh in 1808, and was recalled to England as a witness in the Bligh-Johnston case, being absent for three and a half years, returning to New South Wales in 1812.

From an article in the Stock and Station Journal, May, 1895, we learn that Bell had a grant of land fronting the Tank Stream in Sydney, which he exchanged for land nearer the Government House, part of which is now the site of Parliament House, in Macquarie Street. Owing to his absence in England at the time, his title to this site was not made clear, and litigation followed. As late as 1870 Bell's heirs received compensation to the amount of one thousand pounds, but not the unearned increment of this land.

It appears that Lieut. Bell was appointed a magistrate at the Hawkesbury in 1807, but he either resigned or refused to hold office, when Andrew Thompson was appointed in 1810. Governor Macquarie, in giving reasons why Messrs. Bell and Palmer refused to hold such office says that "Bell retired to his estate near Richmond."

Lieut. Bell was appointed a member of the Legislature on 25th September, 1832.

He acted as Barrack Master in Sydney in 1818, but this must have been a temporary appointment, for he was in charge of the military at Windsor from 1813 to 1818. In 1820 he was re-appointed as a magistrate, and held office until 1834. For the greater part of this period he acted as Police Magistrate at Windsor, being the first paid magistrate in the district, and having associated with him on the Bench Captain J. Brabyn and William Cox. He was succeeded as Police Magistrate in 1835 by Samuel North. For a part of this time Lieut. Bell resided in the old Government House at Windsor, as well as at Belmont. Governor Macquarie addressed him on 26th January, 1820, as "Lieut. A. Bell, Magistrate for Cumberland, 'Belmont', District of Richmond."

Lieut. Bell's name appears as one of the founders of the Hawkesbury Benevolent Society in 1818.

Some years after Blaxland, Lawson, and Wentworth discovered the road to the plains over the Blue Mountains (1813), a son of Lieut. Bell discovered another road over the Kurrajong Mountain, known to the present day as Bell's Line, opening out towards Wallerawang. According to Barron Field, the date of the discovery of this new road was after 1822.

Mount Bell, and probably Bell on the western railway line, near Mount Victoria, are named after the family. Bell Street, Newtown (Windsor), is also a reminder of his early connection with the town.

Archd. Bell, junior, also discovered a track to Patrick Plains, in the Hunter River district, and found and relieved Singleton and his party in that district. Tor these discoveries Bell received a grant on the Hunter River, which he named "Corinda".

Although his name does not appear in the list of those present at the laying of the foundation stone or the opening of St. Matthew's Anglican Church, Windsor, yet we find, in reply to certain questions asked of leading colonists in 1820, as to the state of religion in 1810, Lieut. Bell says: "I believe my family were the only ones laying claim to respectability who attended Divine service at this place (Windsor). The attendance seldom exceeded thirty. Now, in 1820," he says, "several churches in the district are well-filled, and almost every respectable family are pretty general in attendance."

In 1830 we find Lieut. Bell still a seat-holder, occupying pew No. 3 on south side of St. Matthew's. His brother officer, Captain Brabyn, occupied No. 2 pew. He was not a narrow-minded man, for we find him presiding at a Wesleyan missionary meeting in 1828.

The fine property known as "Belmont", on the Hawkesbury, opposite to Richmond, originally consisted of a number of small holdings, which ware purchased and consolidated by Lieut. A. Bell. In his time the tide, which now comes up only as far as Windsor, came right up to Belmont.

Lieut. Bell died about the year 1837, and his grave, with that of his wife and a granddaughter, may be seen on the Belmont estate in a clump of old oleander trees, on a hill between the homestead and the main road. His son, James Thomas Bell, continued to reside on the Belmont estate, and was a local magistrate 1839 to 1844. The property afterwards passed into the hands of Henry Newcomen, who was also a district magistrate from 1867 up to his death, at the age of sixty-one, on 10th October, 1884.

The Belmont property was subsequently purchased by Major Philip Charley in 1891, and he has made many valuable improvements, including the erection in 1893 of the fine residence "Belmont House". A portion of the old original fortified home occupied by Lieut. Bell may still be seen in one corner of the ground. When the old house was being demolished in 1892, a letter was found in one of the ceilings, dated 22nd March, 1831, addressed to Lieut. Bell.

According to a census return taken in 1818, we find that Lieut. Bell had a family of nine children, as follow:—Maria, Francis, and Eliza, who came to the colony in 1803 with their parents; those born in New South Wales being Mary Ann, Archibald, Matilda, Sophia Rebecca, and James Thomas. Two other children, infants, died in 1809 and 1817 respectively. One daughter married Captain John Fennell, A.D.C. to Governor Brisbane. He died in Bathurst in July, 1826. Another daughter, Sophia Hume Bell, married H.P. Dutton, on 17th August, 1833. A third daughter, Elizabeth, married George Cox, the fourth son of William Cox, senior.

"To attempt to follow out the ramifications of the Bells and Coxs in Australia would be a herculean task. William Cox, of Clarendon, and Archie Bell, of Belmont, were men of intense physical force. They were strong men physically, and their progeny is all over Australia. One of the Bells of Pickering said that he could ride from the Gulf of Carpentaria to Sydney and hardly sleep one night out of the house of a relative."— Memoirs of William Cox, page 137.

William Cox.

William Cox was born at Devizes (Wilts, Eng.), in December, 1764. He joined the British Army, and served in the French wars. He was appointed an Ensign, in the 68th Durham Regiment on 17th January, 1796, and Lieutenant of the New South Wales Corps on 28th September, 1797, and Paymaster 28th September, 1798.

The date of his first visit to the colony has been the subject of some debate, but it appears he came out about the year 1797, with his regiment in charge of some prisoners, and returned again with the ship. He subsequently came out in the ship Minerva, the same voyage as she brought the Irish rebel party, arriving on 11th January, 1800.

He was appointed a magistrate at Parramatta in 1801, but the appointment was cancelled the following year by Governor King, as Cox was engaged in farming, which was not permitted by the magistracy at that time.

During the year 1801 he had acquired by purchase one thousand three hundred acres of land, four hundred of which were cleared, and two hundred and forty-five acres under crop. At the same time he was the owner of twenty-five horses, twenty cattle, one thousand sheep, and two hundred pigs, and had twenty convicts assigned to him as labourers. His property was known as "Brush Farm", situated near Ryde, a portion of which he had bought from the Rev. R. Johnson, including some fine orange trees and one hundred and fifty sheep.

His connection with the Hawkesbury district dates from 1804, when he became a settler, having purchased the same year some sheep from Captain Water house, of H.M.S. Reliance. The same year he was appointed one of the trustees of Ham Common.

During the year 1809-10 he visited England, and whilst there bought a commission as ensign in the army for his son William. He was appointed Chief Magistrate for the Hawkesbury in December, 1810, in succession to Andrew Thompson (deceased), and at whose funeral both he and his son acted as pall-bearers. His appointment appears to have given great satisfaction to the local residents, who, in an address of welcome to Governor Macquarie on his visit to the district, took occasion to specially thank him for appointing William Cox, Esq., as magistrate, referring to him as "a gentleman who for many years has resided amongst us, possessing our esteem and confidence, who from his local knowledge of this settlement, combined with his many other good qualities, will, we are convinced, promote your Excellency's benign intention of distributing justice and happiness to all." This address was signed by Dr. Arndell, Thomas Hobby, and about one hundred other leading settlers.

In the year 1811 William Cox was appointed, along with Rev. B. Cartwright and Dr. James Mileham, to form a special weekly bench of magistrates to decide cases from the whole district. About this time he built "Clarendon House" on his estate between Windsor and Richmond, a portion of which is still standing in 1915.

In the year 1814 Governor Macquarie asked William Cox to undertake the construction of the newly-surveyed road across the Blue Mountains, which he did, starting work at Emu Plains on 18th July, 1814, completing it on the 21st January, 1815. The complete diary of this work was published many years ago, entitled Narrative of Proceedings, 1814-15, by William Cox. The well-known mountain stream, Cox's River, was named after him by Governor Macquarie on 29th April, 1815.

He was present at the inaugural meeting of the Hawkesbury Benevolent Society in 1818-19. He was a seat-holder in St. Matthew's Anglican Church in 1830, occupying pew No. 1, south side, while his son, William Cox, junior, had pew No. 1, north side. The Cox servants occupied pew No. 5 on the north side. A street in Windsor and Newtown, parallel to George Street, is named Cox Street. This street adjoins the grant of sixty acres to Henry Cox in 1804.

The Hon. William Walker wrote an account of this old family, which appeared in the Windsor and Richmond Gazette, 28th January, 1896. Mr. Alfred Cox also published his Recollections in 1886. See also Burke's Colonial Gentry, vol. II., for full particulars of the family.

The Cox family are now widely scattered, branches being known in or associated with Tasmania, Mudgee, Mulgoa, and Muswellbrook. None of the family reside here now, but at one time there was quite a number of the Cox family in the Hawkesbury. They occupied "Hobartville", which passed to Andrew Town in the seventies; "Fairfield", to James Hale in the forties; "Clarendon", to Arthur Dight, 1862; "Claremont", to Francis Beddek in the twenties.

The following members of the family were appointed magistrates in this district:—William Cox, 1810-36; William Cox, junior, "Hobartville", 1830-47; George Cox, Mulgoa (married Miss E. Bell), 1830-52; Edward Cox, "Fern Hill", Mulgoa, 1834-52 (married Miss J.M. Brooke); Henry Cox, "Glenmore", Penrith, 1835-44 (married Miss F. Mackenzie); Alfred Cox, 1851-52; William Cox, junior, II., "Wybong", Muswellbrook, 1844-52; Sloper Cox, Richmond, 1865-74. We mid that Sloper Cox was baptised in St. Matthew's Church of England by Rev. John Cross, on 24th August, 1824. After this registration Mr. Joseph Harpur, the parish clerk, makes the following entry:—"Captain Robert Sloper Piper, Royal Engineers; Captain John Fennell, 48th Regiment; Miss Fanny Bell and Miss Mary Ann Bell were sponsors for Sloper Cox. Born at 'Hobart Villa,' 13th December, 1823."

The following members of the family were life members of the Hawkesbury Benevolent Society in 1841:—Edward, George, Henry and William Cox.

William Cox was married first to Miss R. Upjohn, of London, on 1st February, 1789, she died in 1819; family—William, of "Hobartville;" James, of Tasmania; Charles, killed in New Zealand by natives; George Henry, of "Glenmore;" Frederick Edward, of Mulgoa, afterwards an M.L.C. The second wife was Miss Anna Blachford (a sister of Mrs. Francis Beddek), to whom Mr. Cox was married in 1821. Family:—Edgar, Thomas, Alfred, and Anna Clarendon.

The subject of this sketch died on 15th March, 1837, at "Fairfield", Windsor, to which property he had removed from "Clarendon" in 1833. He was buried in St. Matthew's cemetery, in the south-east corner, close to several other pioneers. The inscription on the vault reads as follows:—

Here lieth entombed the remains of

MRS. REBECCA COX, Wife of William Cox, Esq., of Clarendon, Who departed this life the 3d [? 5th] March, 1819.

Aged 56 years.

In testimony of the exalted virtues that adorn her character not only as a Wife and a Mother but in all the other relative duties of life this tomb is erected to perpetuate her memory by her affectionate Husband.

Here also lie the Remains of

WILLIAM COX, ESQr., J.P.,

Who departed this life the 15th day of March, 1837, Aged 72 years.

Not by Works of Righteousness Which We have done but according to his own mercy he saved US.

Reader, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved.

There is another and a larger Cox vault in St. Peter's church-yard, Richmond, where many of the oldest members of the family are interred.

Account of monies received for rent of pews, and arrears due, for the half-yearly period ending 31st Dec., 1830:—

South Side. No. of Pew. By Whom Rented. Rate per annum. Amount Received. £ s. d. s. d. 1 Wm. Cox, sen., Esq. 1 10 0 15 0 2 Jno. Brabyn, Esq. 1 10 0 15 0 3 Archd. Bell, Esq. 1 10 0 15 0 4 Mr. James Hale 15 0 15 0 17 Messrs. Marsden and Seymour 1 5 0 9 4½ 18 Messrs. Tebbutt and Bullock 1 10 0 15 0 19 Mr. John Howe MAGISTRATES.

BEFORE the year 1810 the Hawkesbury was included in the Parramatta Magisterial district. Amongst those who exercised the Magistrate's office before 1810 in this part were the Rev. S. Marsden, Dr. Thomas Arndell, Mr. C. Grimes, and Mr. William Cox. But, when Governor Macquarie laid out the various Hawkesbury townships in 1810 he appointed the following as special magistrates for each centre:—

Andrew Thompson, Windsor; and on his death in October, 1810, William Cox, of Clarendon, 1810-36.

Dr. Jas. Mileham for Pitt Town, and afterwards for Castlereagh, 1810-23.

Rev. Robert Cartwright for Wilberforce, 1813-1818.

Rev. Henry Fulton for Castlereagh, 1815-1823.

Captain John Brabyn took the Rev. R. Cartwright's place in 1817, holding office until 1829.

Governor Macquarie appointed in 1811 a bench of three of the above to sit weekly in Windsor, and deal with special cases from the surrounding districts, namely: Mr. Wm. Cox, Dr. James Mileham, and Rev. R. Cartwright.

Towards the end of his term Governor Macquarie appointed Lieut. Archd. Bell as the first paid magistrate at Windsor, and he had associated with him Capt. Brabyn and Wm. Cox. Lieut. Bell held office as Police Magistrate until the year 1834.

COURT HOUSE OFFICIALS.

Police Magistrates.

"THIS first batch of magistrates were: William Cox, Dr. Mileham and Rev. R Cartwright, in 1810. In 1820, Lieut. Archibald Bell was appointed as Chief Magistrate, and with hint were associated Captain Brabyn and William Cox. The magistrates in these days had a strong body of the chief settlers known as the Grand Jury associated with them.

Hawkesbury Benevolent Society.

A full history of the Hawkesbury Benevolent Society will be found as an appendix to their report for 1856, compiled by the late Hon. Wm. Walker, M.L.C. From this we learn that the Society was formed at a meeting held on 31st December, 1818, and adjourned to 11th January, 1819, for the purpose of devising means of relieving the poor and indigent of the district. A previous society had been formed, known as the "Windsor Charitable Institution", of which Mr. Robert Fits was secretary, but it was absorbed by the new effort, and the name changed after a few years to "The Hawkesbury Benevolent Society."

AUTHORITIES.

BEFORE closing this book it is but right to give a "list of the books and papers from which much of the information has been gleaned:—

Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. I. to vol. VII. (F.M. Bladen).

Heaton's Dictionary of Dates, 1879.

Journal of the Australian Historical Society, vols. I. and II.

Reminiscences (Wm. Walker, M.L.C.), 1890.

Annual Reports, Hawkesbury Benevolent Society, 1841-1914.

Good Old Days of the Hawkesbury (J.C.L. Fitzpatrick), 1900.

Meteorological Observations (John Tebbutt, F.R.A.S.), 1863-1897.

Astronomical Memoirs (John Tebbutt, F.R.A.S.)

History of the Floods of the Hawkesbury (J.P. Josephson), 1795-1881.

New South Wales Almanacs, 1805 to 1915.

Histories of New South Wales: Lang, Collins, Bonwick, Flanagan, etc.

Report of Proposed New South Wales Railways (Thos. Moore), 1848.

Narrative of Proceedings (Wm. Cox), 1814-1815.

Burke's Colonial Gentry.

Windsor District Methodism (Jas. Colwell), 1907.

In Old Australia (J.S. Hassell), 1902.

Muster Book, Windsor District (MSB.), 1813-1818.

Essay on the Hawkesbury (Miss Hendy Pooley), 1910.

Church Registers—Church of England from 1810; Presbyterian from 1838.

Newspapers:— Sydney Gazette; Colonial Observer, 1843; Windsor Advertiser, 1860; Windsor Review, 1856-7; Australian, 1871-1899;Windsor and Richmond Gazette, 1888-1915.

We must not forget to thank Lieut.-Colonel J.J. Paine, V.D., and Capt. Brinsley Hall, M.L.A., for assistance on military and other points.

Mr. F. Campbell, editor of the Windsor and Richmond Gazette, has assisted in many ways. Chapter XXXV. on horse-racing is mainly his work.

Mr. J.P. McGuanne and Mr. Frank Walker, members of the Australian Historical Society, have given valuable contributions from their note books.

Amongst other old Windsor residents we have interviewed are: Mr. Peter Carroll, Mr. G. Robertson, Mr. J. Dick Smith, Mr. W. Slaughter, Mrs. C. Smith, Mrs. Hutchinson, Mrs. Holmes, Mrs. Byram, and Miss Bushell. These ladies, and especially Mrs. Hutchinson, have been exceedingly kind and very helpful in the compiling of these chapters on the "Early days of Windsor".

In addition to the above authorities, we have to mention others who have placed letters, pamphlets, newspaper cuttings and other sources of information at our disposal.

First among these is Mr. Hy. Selkirk, of the Lands Department, without whose assistance these records would have been very incomplete indeed. Mr. Selkirk is a son of the late Dr. John Selkirk, of Richmond and Windsor.

Mr. John Tebbutt, F.R.A.S., has also given valued advice, and loaned some interesting matter from his library. Mr. R.B. Walker has also placed his late father's splendid collection of old papers, books and documents at our disposal. Mr. Hy. Potter, of Glebe Point, supplied copies of many old inscriptions. Mr. Wm. Freame, of Westmead, has forwarded several items, and several of his newspaper articles have been also culled. Mr. Geo. R. Nichols, of Llandilo, and Miss Swann, of Elizabeth Farm House, Parramatta, have also given assistance. The Rev. Geo. E.C. Stiles, B.A., and Rev. G. D'Arcy Irvine, of Rose Bay, and Capt. J.H. Watson, North Sydney, have assisted, especially with the article on St. Matthew's. Miss F. Allman, grand-daughter of Samuel North, has given interesting particulars of his life.

Finally, we have to thank Mr. C.H. Bertie, of the Sydney Municipal library, for many suggestions, and for revising the proof sheets.