魏裔介 (石生 貞庵)

WEI I-chieh 魏裔介 (T. 石生, H. 貞庵, 崑林), Sept. 5, 1616–1686, May 1, official and scholar, was a native of Pai-hsiang, Chihli. A chin-shih of 1646, he was first appointed a bachelor in the Hanlin Academy, but in the following year was transferred to the Censorate. After several promotions, he was made president of the Censorate in 1657. Several high officials, including Ch'êng K'o-kung [q.v.], were removed or exiled in consequence of his accusations. In 1663 he was promoted to the presidency of the Board of Civil Office and in the next year was made a Grand Secretary. He retired in 1671, being granted a year later the title of Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. In 1732 his name was given a place in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen, and in 1736 he was canonized as Wên-i 文毅.

Wei I-chieh and T'ang Pin [q.v.] were noted upholders of the moral standards set by the Sung philosopher, Chu Hsi (see under Hu Wei). Wei wrote a number of works on Confucian philosophy which, however, were all reviewed unfavorably in the Ssŭ-k'u Catalog (see under Chi Yün). Several volumes of his miscellaneous notes met the same fate. Only his collected prose and verse, entitled 兼濟堂文集 Chien-chi t'ang wên-chi, 19 chüan, printed in 1711, were copied into the Imperial Manuscript Library (see under Chi Yün). His selected memorials illustrating his official career constitute one tenth of the Chien-chi t'ang wên-chi. This work was compiled by his son, Wei Li-t'ung 魏荔彤 (T. 念庭, b. 1671), from various collections printed during his father's lifetime. The reprint in the Chi-fu ts'ung-shu (see under Ts'ui Shu) is a rearrangement of the material with some additions.

Wei I-chieh wrote one of the testimonials eulogizing Father Adam Schall on the latter's seventieth birthday (see under Yang Kuang-hsien). In this eulogy he compares Christianity with Confucianism and finds that the two systems have many points in common. According to the 萇楚齋隨筆 Ch'ang-ch'u chai sui-pi by Liu Shêng-mu (see under Chang Yü-chao), Wei once professed a belief in Christianity; at least it so appears from a letter he wrote to a missionary—a letter now preserved in the library of the Catholic Mission at Zikawei, Shanghai.

[Wei Wên-i kung nien-p'u; 1/268/1a; 2/5/41a; 3/3/11a; 4/11/1a; 7/3/5b; 12/2/14a; 23/1/3a; Ch'ang-ch'u chai sui-pi 5/1a.]

Fang Chao-ying

魏裔介，字石生，直隸柏鄉人。順治三年進士，選庶吉士。四年，授工科給事中。五年，疏請舉經筵及時講學，以隆治本。又言：「燕、趙之民，椎牛裹糧，首先歸命。此漢高之關中，光武之河內也。今天下初定，屢奉詔蠲賦，而畿輔未霑實惠，宜切責奉行之吏，彰信於民。」俱報聞。

轉吏科，以母憂歸。服闋，九年，起故官。應詔疏言：「上下之情未通，滿、漢之氣中閼。大臣闒茸以保富貴，小臣鉗結以習功名。紀綱日弛，法度日壞。請時御正殿，召對群臣，虛心諮訪。令部院科道等官面奏政事，仍令史官記注，以求救時之實。」時世祖親政，裔介疏言：「督撫重臣宜慎選擇，不宜專用遼左舊人。」又言：「攝政王時，隱匿逃人，立法太嚴，天下囂然，喪其樂生之心。後以言官陳說，始寬其禁，責成州縣，法至善也。若舍此之外別有峻法，竊恐下拂人心，上干天和，非尋常政治小小得失而已。」上韙之。

河南巡撫吳景道援恩詔薦舉明兵部尚書張縉彥。裔介疏言：「縉彥仕明，身任中樞，養寇誤國，有盧杞、賈似道之奸，而庸劣過之。宜予擯棄，以協公論。」疏下部議，以事在赦前，予外用。又疏言：「州縣遇災荒，既經報部，其例得蠲緩錢糧，即予停徵，以杜吏胥欺隱。並就州縣積穀及存貯庫銀，先行賑貸。」下所司議行。時直隸、河南、山東諸省災，別疏請賑。上命發帑金二十四萬，分遣大臣賑之，全活甚眾。

十一年，遷兵科都給事中。東南兵事未定，疏言：「今日劉文秀復起於川南，孫可望竊據於貴筑，李定國伺隙於西粵，張名振流氛於海島，連年征討，尚稽天誅。為目前進取計，蜀為滇、黔門戶，蜀既守而滇、黔之勢蹙，故蜀不可不先取。此西南之情形也。粵西稍弱，昨歲桂林之役未大創，必圖再犯，以牽制我湖南之師。宜令藩鎮更番迭出，相機戰守。此三方者，攻瑕宜先粵西。粵西潰則可望膽落，滇、黔亦當瓦解。」又疏劾湖南將軍續順公沈永忠擁兵觀望，致總兵官徐勇、辰常道劉昇祚力竭戰死。永忠坐罷任奪爵。復劾福建提督楊名高玩寇，致漳州郡縣為鄭成功淪陷，名高坐罷任。

尋遷太常寺少卿，擢左副都御史。十三年，疏劾大學士陳之遴營私植黨，之遴坐解官，發遼陽閒住。十四年，遷左都御史，上諭之曰：「朕擢用汝，非繇人薦達。」裔介益感奮，盡所欲言。四月，因欽天監推算次月日月交食，疏請廣言路，緩工作，寬州縣考成，速頒恩赦，釋滯獄，酌復五品以下官俸，減徵調之兵，節供應之費。上嘉之，下部詳議以行。嘗侍經筵，講漢文帝春和之詔，因舉仁政所宜先者數事。正陽門外菜園為前朝嘉蔬圃地，久為民居，部議入官。裔介過其地，民走訴，即入告，仍以予民。十六年，加太子太保。十七年，京察自陳。以御史巡方屢坐貪敗，責裔介未糾劾，削太子太保，供職如故。

時可望猶據貴州，鄭成功亂未已。裔介疏言：「可望恃峝蠻為助，宜命在事諸臣加意招徠，予以新敕印，舊者毋即收繳，則歸我者必多。成功作亂海上，我水師無多，惟於沿海要地增兵築堡，使不得泊岸劫掠，然後招其攜貳，散其黨與，海患可以漸平。」下部議行。未幾，疏劾大學士劉正宗、成克鞏欺罔附和諸罪，命正宗、克鞏回奏，未得實，下法司勘訊，並解裔介官與質。讞定，正宗獲罪籍沒，克鞏奪職視事，復裔介官。時以雲南、福建用兵，加派錢糧。裔介疏請敕戶部綜計軍需足用即停止，上命未派者並停止。康熙元年，雲南既定，疏言：「雲南既有吳三桂藩兵數萬，及督提兩標兵，則滿洲兵可撤。但滇、黔、川、楚邊方遼遠，不以滿洲兵鎮守要地，倘戎寇生心，恐鞭長莫及。荊、襄乃天下腹心，宜擇大將領滿兵數千駐防，無事則控制形勢，可以銷姦宄之萌；有事則提兵應援，可以據水陸之勝。」疏下部，格不行。復請以湖廣總督移駐荊州，從之。

進吏部尚書。三年，拜保和殿大學士。時輔臣柄政，論事輒爭執，裔介調和異同，時有所匡正。預修世祖實錄，充總裁官。九年，典會試。是年內院承旨會吏、禮二部選新進士六十人，試以文字，擬上中下三等入奏，上親定二十七人為庶吉士。御史李之芳劾裔介所擬上卷二十四人，先使人通信，招權納賄；並謂與班布爾善相比，引用私人。班布爾善官大學士，黨鼇拜，伏法。上命裔介復奏，裔介疏辨，并言：「臣與班布爾善同官，論事輒齟齬。以鼇拜之執燄，足跡不至其門，豈肯附班布爾善？臣服官以來，彈劾無所避忌。前劾劉正宗，其黨切齒於臣者十年於茲。之芳，正宗同鄉，今為報復。」因自請罷斥，疏下吏部會質。之芳力爭，裔介自引咎。部議以之芳劾奏有因，裔介應削秩罰俸，上寬之，命供職如故。

十年，以老病乞休，詔許解官回籍。世祖實錄成，進太子太傅。二十五年，卒，賜祭葬如制。

裔介居言路最久，疏至百餘上，敷陳剴切，多見施行。生平篤誠，信程、朱之學，以見知聞知述聖學之統。著述凡百餘卷，大指原本儒先，並及經世之學。家居十六年，躬課稼穡，循行阡陌，人不知其為故相也。雍正間，祀賢良祠。乾隆元年，追諡文毅。