Qiu Yuexiu 裘曰修

Ch'iu Yüeh-hsiu 裘曰修 (T. 叔度 H. 漫士, 諾皋) Nov. 27, 1712-1773, June 20, official, was a native of Hsin-chien, Kiangsi. His father, Ch'iu Chün-pi 裘君弼 (T. 扆臣 H. 思補), was a chin-shih of 1697 and served as a censor. After taking his chin-shih degree in 1739, Ch'iu held the following offices: second class compiler in the Hanlin Academy (1739), junior vice-president of the Board of War (1751-53), of the Board of Civil Office (1753-54 and 1756-57), and of the Board of Revenue (1754-55 and 1757-59); senior vice-president of the Board of Civil Office (1757), of the Board of Works (1771) and of the Board of Revenue (1759-67); president of the Board of Rites (1767), of the Board of Works (1767-68 and 1771-73), and of the Board of Punishments (1768-70). He was an examiner in the provincial examinations in Hupeh (1745), chief examiner in Chekiang (1750, 1753), and Kiangnan (1752, 1759), and assistant examiner in the metropolitan examinations (1766). He served in the Imperial Study (1749), in the Grand Council of State (1756), and later was a director in the office of the Ssŭ-k'u ch'üan-shu (see under Chi Yün).

But Ch'iu's principal activity was the superintending of flood control in eastern Honan, western Shantung, and northern Anhwei (175758). Upon returning eight years later (1766) to examine conservancy work in the same region, he reported to the throne that the river was still well dredged, and the dykes, embankments, etc. whole. When in 1761 the Yellow River burst its banks at Yang-ch'iao, Honan, he superintended the engineering and the relief work, and he also had charge of flood control in Chihli in the years 1763 and 1771-72. In 1763 he made plans for the dredging of the Sui river in Honan. In an interesting memorial of 1772 he points out that there are only two ways of controlling river water: by dredging or by building dykes. He advocated the former, and charged the officials of Chihli province with practising the latter in order to draw added taxes from the irrigable land behind the dykes -- a short-sighted policy, for at any time the river might burst the dykes and completely ruin this land. In 1763, and again in 1770, Ch'iu superintended the stamping out of locusts in Chihli, but was removed from office in the latter year for carelessness in handling the work. In 1764 the governor and the governor-general of Fukien were charged with receiving gifts from foreign companies in Amoy. Ch'iu was sent to investigate, and at the same time held temporarily the post of governor of Fukien. According to his report the charge was exaggerated.

It is of interest that early in his career Ch'iu was accused of complicity in the Hu Chung-tsao case (see under O-êr-t'ai). As a matter of fact, he was innocent, but was so alarmed at the accusation that he lied to the emperor, and for this offense was removed from office (1755). The following year (1756) he was sent to Sungaria to take charge of army supplies. In 1773 he was attacked by asthma, and asked to be retired, but Kao-tsung refused to grant the request on the ground that Ch'iu was only sixty, and that there was no precedent for retiring a minister of sixty who had asthma. The emperor, however, wrote him a consolatory poem. After his death he was re-instated in the various positions from which he had been removed for disciplinary reasons, was granted an official burial, and given the posthumous name Wên-ta 文達.

Ch'iu Yüeh-hsiu's collected writings, both prose and verse, entitled 裘文達公詩文集 Ch'iu Wên-ta kung shih-wên chi, in 24 chüan, with also 1 chüan of memorials, were printed in 1802 by his son, Ch'iu Hsing-chien 裘行簡 (T. 敬之, posthumous name 恭勤, d. 1806, aged fifty-three sui). The latter was given the degree of chü-jên in 1775 and later served as acting governor-general of Chihli (1805-06).

[ 1;327/la; 3/85/4a; 3/190/32a; Hsin-chien hsien-chih (1871) 33/4b, 41/3a, 16b, 27b.]

RUFUS O. SUTER

《清史稿》卷321

裘曰修，字叔度，江西新建人。乾隆四年進士，改庶吉士。自編修五遷至侍郎，歷兵、吏、戶諸部。胡中藻以賦詩訕上罪殊死，事未發，曰修漏言於鄉人。上詰曰修，不敢承，逮所與言者質實，上謂「曰修面欺。」二十年五月，下部議奪職，左授右中允。十二月，擢吏部侍郎。二十一年，令在軍機處行走。師討準噶爾，命如巴里坤董軍儲。二十二年，疏言：「西陲回民數十部落，厄魯特人介其中。當策妄阿喇布坦時恣殺掠，回民久切齒。請敕伯克額敏和卓，厄魯特竄入境當擒戮，予賞賚，勿被煽生疑懼。」尋還京師。河屢決山東、河南、安徽境，積水久不去。是歲上南巡蒞視，既返蹕，命曰修會山東、河南、安徽諸巡撫周行積水諸州縣，畫疏濬之策。曰修至安徽，偕巡撫高晉疏言：「安徽宿、靈壁、虹三州縣頻年被水，上承河南虞城、夏邑、商丘、永城四縣積水，下注畢匯於宿州。宿州有睢河，虹縣有潼河，泗洲與宿遷、桃源接壤處有安河，皆境內大水，與靈壁、虹縣諸支港當次第疏濬，俾入洪澤湖。洪澤以清口為出路，上令去草壩使暢流，江南之民，仰頌聖明，宜令每歲應期開放。」曰修至河南，偕巡撫胡寶瑔疏陳：「黃河南岸，自滎澤以下諸水，東入睢，東南入淮，皆淺阻不能宣洩。東境幹河，在商丘為豐樂河，在夏邑為響河，在永城為巴河，實即一水，次則賈魯河，又次則惠濟河、渦河，皆當疏濬。自永城至汝寧府支河當施工者凡十二，導積水自支河入於幹河。其不能達者，或多作溝渠，或渟為藪澤，潢汙野潦，有所約束而不為民害。」曰修至山東，偕巡撫鶴年疏請培舘陶、臨清濱運河諸州縣民埝，官給夫米，令實力修補。復偕巡撫蔣洲疏言：「山東當疏濬諸水，以兗州為要，曹州次之。兗州宜治者九水，曹州西南境當濬順隄河，東北境當於八里廟建壩，俾沙河、趙王河水入運，賴以節宣。」曰修諸議皆稱上意，命及時修築。曰修復至安徽，議濬潁州府境與河南連界者六水，在府境者四水，加疏宿州境睢河，並寬留清口壩口門。上獎所議甚合機宜。還河南，諸幹河工竟，議續濬商丘、遂平、上蔡、新蔡諸支流凡五水，並築諸隄堰。調戶部侍郎。二十三年，諸水畢治，御製詩褒之。疏言：「諸行省偏災，米豆例免稅。但以免稅故，稽查繁密。欲通商而商反以為累，卻顧不前。請如常收稅。」下九卿議行。京師平糶，曰修言糶價過減，適令商家乘機居積，請石減百錢，數日後市價稍平，以次漸減。會天津民訟鹽商牛兆泰，兆泰與曰修有連，曰修嘗寄書，上命不必在軍機處行走。二十五年，授倉場侍郎。二十六年，河決楊橋，命如河南勘災賑，並議疏洩。曰修請廣設粥廠，饑民便就食；量增料價，料易集，工可速蕆：上皆可其奏。上遣大學士劉統勳、兆惠督塞河。曰修勘下游，疏言：「黃水悉入賈魯、惠濟二河，二河倘不能容，為患滋大。宜察隄埝為河水所從入，悉堵禦，俾中流不至復決。」曰修還楊橋，疏言河流逼北岸，當挽行中道；又請培補沁水隄，並賑流民：得旨嘉允。曰修子編修麟，卒於京師。上念曰修所領事將竟，有子喪，母老，召還京師。工竟，上製中州治河碑，褒曰修及寶瑔不惜工，不愛帑，不勞民，上源下流，以次就治。旋居母喪，歸。二十八年，上以直隸連年被水，曰修服將除，召來京督直隸水利。署吏部侍郎。河渠工畢，曰修請迎生母就養。上令會高晉籌濬睢河，曰修言當厚蓄清水以刷淤泥，秋冬水弱，南北築壩堵截，至四月水漲，啟壩分洩，上採其議。二十九年，福建提督黃仕簡疏論總督、巡撫得厦門洋行歲餽，命曰修偕尚書舒赫德往按，並命曰修暫署福建巡撫。讞定，還京師，署倉場侍郎。三十年，授戶部侍郎。三十一年，上以江南淮、徐諸河隄前令曰修等經營修築，為時已久；復命曰修及高恆往勘山東、河南毗連處，並令巡視。曰修等疏言：「諸水自二十二年大治後，歲於農隙疏濬，隄岸亦以時培補，現無淤墊殘缺。」報聞。遷尚書，歷禮、工、刑三部。三十三年，丁生母憂，歸。三十四年，召授刑部尚書。初，江南、山東蝗起，命曰修捕治。是歲畿南蝗，復命捕治。曰修至武清，令順天府尹竇光鼐行求蝗起處。上責曰修不親勘，左授順天府府尹。尋遷工部侍郎。三十六年，命如滄州勘運河，疏請改低壩基殺水勢，疏下流引河，移捷地閘，裁曲就直，疏減河使順流達海，上從之。遷工部尚書，命南書房行走。命督濬北運河。三十七年，又命督濬永定、北運諸河，疏言：「治河不外疏築，而築不如疏。直省近水居民與水爭地，水退即占耕，升科築埝。有司見不及遠，以為糧地自當防護，逼水為隄埝，水乃橫決為災。請敕所司，淀泊毋得報墾升科，橫加隄埝，使水有所歸。」上降旨嚴禁。三十八年四月，曰修病噎乞歸，上以「錢陳羣嘗病此，以老許其歸；今曰修方六十，不當如陳羣之引退。」賜詩慰之，屢遣存問，御醫視疾。旋加太子少傅。卒，諡文達。子行簡，自有傳。

《阅微草堂笔记》：裘文达公赐第在宣武门内石虎胡同。文达之前为右翼宗学。宗学之前为吴额驸府。吴额驸之前为前明大学士周廷儒第。按：裘文达即裘日修，乾隆进士，历官礼、刑、工三部尚书。吴额驸即吴应熊，清代称驸马为额款。敦诚曾写诗给曹雪芹，诗日： 劝君莫弹食客铁，劝君莫叩富儿门。残怀冷炙有德色，不如著书黄叶村。鼓励他一定要把《红楼梦》写完。但曹雪芹“批阅十载，增删五次”耗枯了心血，以致他年未五十，而《红楼梦》书未成，就泪尽而逝了。
民国初期教育总长汤化龙曾住此，后改为松坡图书馆。国都南迁后，归蒙藏办事处及蒙藏学校。解放后先为蒙藏学院，现为中央民族学院附中。