Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria

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Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (30 July 1833 - 19 May 1896) was the father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose shooting occasioned the start of World War I.

He was born at Schönbrunn in Vienna, the son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802-1878) and his wife Sophie of Bavaria (1805-1872). His elder brothers were the Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, Archduke Maximilian, who became Emperor of Mexico, a sister Maria Anna Caroline Pia and Archduke Ludwig Victor.

He married three times. His first wife, whom he married on 11 April 1856 at Dresden, was Margaretha Carolina Friederike Cecile Auguste Amalie Josephine Elisabeth Maria Johanne Princess of Saxony Duchess of Saxony (1840-1858), the daughter of Johann of Saxony (1801-1873) and his wife Amelia of Bavaria (1801-1877). She died on 15 September 1858 and they had no children.

His second wife, whom he married by proxy on 16 October 1862 at Rome, and in person on 21 October 1862 at Venice, was Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Sicily (1843-1871), daughter of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1810-1859) and his wife Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867).

They had four children:

   * Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863-1914)

* Archduke Otto Franz of Austria (1865-1906)
* Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria (1868-1915). Married morganatically to Bertha Czuber. No issue.
* Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria (1870-1902). Married Duke Albrecht von Württemberg.
Maria Annunciata died on 4 May 1871.

His third wife, whom he married on 23 July 1873 at Kleinheubach, was Maria Teresa da Imaculada Conceicão Fernanda Eulália Leopoldina Adelaida Isabel Carolina Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Francisca de Asis e de Paula Gonzaga Inès Sofia Bartolomea des Anjons, Infanta of Portugal (1855-1944), daughter of King Miguel I of Portugal and his wife Adelaide Sophie Prinzessin zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.

They had two daughters:

   * Maria Annunziata of Austria (1876-1961). Abbess of the Theresia Convent in the Hradschin, Prague.

* Elisabeth Amalie of Austria (1878-1960). Married Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein and was mother of Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein.
Karl Ludwig died of typhoid at Schönbrunn in Vienna. His widow, Maria Teresa died 12 February 1944.

Source: http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Archduke_Karl_Ludwig_of_Austria...

He was born at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, the son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802–1878) and his wife Sophie of Bavaria (1805–1872).

His mother ensured he was raised a devout Roman Catholic by the Vienna Prince-archbishop Joseph Othmar Rauscher, a conviction that evolved into religious mania in his later years.

Though not interested in politics, the 20-year-old joined the Galician government of Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski and in 1855 accepted his appointment as Tyrolean stadtholder in Innsbruck, where he took his residence at Ambras Castle. However, he found his authority to exert power restricted by the Austrian cabinet of his cousin Archduke Rainer Ferdinand and Baron Alexander von Bach. He finally laid down the office upon the issue of the 1861 February Patent for a life as patron of the arts and sciences.

As the eldest surviving brother of the Emperor, Karl Ludwig, after the death of his nephew Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria in 1889, became heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A newspaper article appeared shortly after the death of his nephew claiming that the Archduke had renounced his succession rights in favor of his eldest son Franz Ferdinand.

His first wife, whom he married on 4 November 1856 at Dresden, was his first cousin Margaretha of Saxony (1840–1858), the daughter of Johann of Saxony (1801–1873) and Amalie Auguste of Bavaria (1801–1877). She died on 15 September 1858 and they had no children.

His second wife, whom he married by proxy on 16 October 1862 at Rome, and in person on 21 October 1862 at Venice, was Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1843–1871), daughter of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1810–1859) and Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867).

They had four children: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (December 18 1863 – June 28 1914) he married Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg on 1 July 1900. They had four children. Archduke Otto Franz of Austria (21 April 1865 – 1 November 1906) he married Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1867–1944) on 2 October 1886. They had two sons. Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria (27 December 1868 – 12 March 1915) he married Bertha Czuber on 15 August 1909. Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria (13 May 1870 – 24 August 1902) she married Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg on 24 January 1893. They had seven children. Maria Annunciata died on 4 May 1871.

His third wife, whom he married on 23 July 1873 at Kleinheubach, was Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal (1855–1944), daughter of Miguel I of Portugal (1802–1866) and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1831–1909).

They had two daughters: Archduchess Maria Annunziata of Austria (13 July 1876 – 8 April 1961). Abbess of the Theresia Convent in the Hradschin, Prague. Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria (7 July 1878 – 13 March 1960) she married Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein on 20 April 1903. They had eight children. Karl Ludwig died of typhoid at Schönbrunn in Vienna returning from a journey to Palestine and Egypt, allegedly after the consumption of contaminated Jordan waters. His widow, Maria Teresa died on 12 February 1944.