http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_M._Baruch

Bernard Mannes Baruch (/bəˈruːk/; 1870–1965) was an American financier, stock-market speculator, statesman, and political consultant. After his success in business, he devoted his time toward advising U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt on economic matters and became a philanthropist.

Early life and education

Bernard Baruch was born in Camden, South Carolina to Simon and Belle Baruch. He was the second of four sons. His father Simon Baruch (1840–1921) was a German immigrant of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity who came with his family to the United States in 1855. He studied medicine, became a doctor, and served as a surgeon on the staff of Confederate general Robert E. Lee during the American Civil War. He was a pioneer in physical therapy. His mother's Sephardic Jewish ancestors (likely from Amsterdam or London) came to New York as early as the 1690s, where they became part of the shipping business.

In 1881 the family moved from Camden to New York City, where Bernard and his brothers attended local schools. He studied at and graduated from the City College of New York.

Career

Baruch became a broker and then a partner in A.A. Housman & Company. With his earnings and commissions, he bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange for $18,000 ($434,000 in today's dollars). There he amassed a fortune before the age of 30 via speculation in the sugar market. By 1903 Baruch had his own brokerage firm and gained the reputation of "The Lone Wolf of Wall Street" because of his refusal to join any financial house. By 1910, he had become one of Wall Street's best-known financiers.

In 1925 he endowed the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) Mrs. Simon Baruch University Award in memory of his mother, to support scholars who have written unpublished monographs for full-length books on Confederate history. His mother had been an early member of the organization and supported their activities.

Presidential adviser: First World War

In 1916, Baruch left Wall Street to advise president Woodrow Wilson on national defense. He served on the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense and, in 1918, became the chairman of the new War Industries Board. With his leadership, this body successfully managed the US's economic mobilization during World War I. In 1919, Wilson asked Baruch to serve as a staff member at the Paris Peace Conference. Baruch did not approve of the reparations France and Britain demanded of Germany, and supported Wilson's view that there needed to be new forms of cooperation between nations, and supporting the creation of the League of Nations.

In the 1920s and 30s, Baruch expressed his concern that the United States needed to be prepared for the possibility of another world war. He wanted a more powerful version of the War Industries Board, which he saw as the only way to ensure maximum coordination between civilian business and military needs.[3] Baruch remained a prominent government adviser during this time, and supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's domestic and foreign policy initiatives after his election.

During President Roosevelt's "New Deal" program, Baruch was a member of the "Brain Trust" and helped form the National Recovery Administration (NRA).

Presidential adviser: Second World War

When the United States entered World War II, President Roosevelt appointed Baruch a special adviser to the director of the Office of War Mobilization. He supported what was known as a "work or fight" bill. Baruch advocated the creation of a permanent superagency similar to his old Industries Board. His theory enhanced the role of civilian businessmen and industrialists in determining what was needed and who would produce it. Baruch's ideas were largely adopted, with James Byrnes appointed to carry them out. During the war Baruch remained a trusted adviser and confidant of President Roosevelt, who in 1944 spent a month as a guest at Baruch's South Carolina estate.

In 1946 President Harry S. Truman appointed Baruch as the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC). On Friday, June 14, 1946, Baruch presented his Baruch Plan, a modified version of the Acheson–Lilienthal plan, to the UNAEC, which proposed international control of then-new atomic energy. The Soviet Union rejected Baruch's proposal as unfair given the fact that the U.S. already had nuclear weapons; it proposed that the U.S. eliminate its nuclear weapons before a system of controls and inspections was implemented. A stalemate ensued.

Baruch resigned from the commission in 1947. His influence began to diminish, as he grew further out of step with the views of the Truman administration.

Park bench statesman

Baruch was well-known, and often walked or sat in Washington, D.C's Lafayette Park and in New York City's Central Park. It was not uncommon for him to discuss government affairs with other people while sitting on a park bench: he became known for this.

In 1960, on his ninetieth birthday, a commemorative park bench in Lafayette Park across from the White House was dedicated to him by the Boy Scouts.

He continued to advise on international affairs until his death on June 20, 1965, in New York City, at the age of ninety-four. His grave is at Flushing Cemetery, Flushing, Queens, New York City, USA.

Favorite book

A favorite book of Bernard Baruch was Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, by Charles Mackay, first published in 1841. It was also a favorite book of his best friend, Jesse Lauriston Livermore, also known as the Boy Plunger.

Thoroughbred racing

Bernard Baruch owned a string of Thoroughbred racehorses and raced under the name, Kershaw Stable. In 1927 his horse, Happy Argo, won the Carter Handicap.

Legacy and honors

Baruch College of City University of New York was named for him.

The Saratoga Race Course named the Bernard Baruch Handicap in his honor.
Find a Grave

Birth: Aug. 19, 1870 Camden Kershaw County South Carolina, USA

Death: Jun. 20, 1965 New York New York County (Manhattan) New York, USA

Financier and Politician. Known by the nickname "The Lonely Lion of Wall Street". He concluded his studies at City College of New York, later becoming a broker at an important New York company, where he acquired much experience in the business world. Thanks to the activity of his brokerage company, Baruch quickly became very rich. After his success in business, he became advisor in Economy for the presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. During World War II he was appointed, as a specialist in commodities and metals, chairman of the War Industries Board, an institution responsible for organizing the U.S. war economy. In 1946, he was appointed by Harry Truman to prepare a plan for disarmament of nuclear weapons, but the attempt was a failure due to opposition of the Soviet Union. According to historians, he coined the term "Cold War", defined as the tension between the two superpowers. (bio by: Lucy Caldarelli)

Family links:

Parents:

• Simon Baruch (1840 - 1921)
• Isabel Wolfe Baruch (1850 - 1921)

Children:

• Belle Wilcox Baruch (1899 - 1964)*
• Bernard Mannes Baruch (1902 - 1992)*
• Baby Son Baruch (1903 - 1903)*

Siblings:

• Hartwig Nathaniel Baruch (1868 - 1953)*
• Bernard Baruch (1870 - 1965)
• Herman Benjamin Baruch (1872 - 1953)*
• Calculated relationship

Burial: Flushing Cemetery Flushing Queens County New York, USA

Edit Virtual Cemetery info [?]

Maintained by: Find A Grave Record added: Jan 01, 2001 Find A Grave Memorial# 65

American financier and statesman.

After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board. He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference. He made another fortune in the postwar bull market, but foresaw the Wall Street crash and sold out well in advance. In World War II, he became a close advisor to President Roosevelt on the role of industry in war supply, and he was credited with greatly shortening the production time for tanks and aircraft. Later he helped to develop rehabilitation programs for injured servicemen. In 1946 he was the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC), though his Baruch Plan for international control of atomic energy was rejected by the Soviet Union.

Division of Baruch's estate.
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8130/images/NEWS-N...

ברנרד מנס ברוך

' (באנגלית: Bernard Mannes Baruch;‏ 19 באוגוסט 1870 - 20 ביוני 1965) היה איל־הון יהודי-אמריקאי רב־השפעה. ברוך הרוויח את הונו בספקולציות במניות, שהפכו אותו לאחד מהאישים הבולטים בוול סטריט של ראשית המאה ה-20. לאחר מכן הפנה את מרצו לפוליטיקה המפלגתית באמריקה, היה יועצם הכלכלי והמדיני של הנשיאים וודרו וילסון ופרנקלין דלאנו רוזוולט ואחד מהאנשים החזקים במפלגה הדמוקרטית של אותה תקופה.

ה"זאב הבודד של וול סטריט", (שנקרא כך על שום שסירב להצטרף לאחד מבתי ההשקעות הגדולים) היה באחרית ימיו מדינאי ותיק ומכובד, "Elder Statesman" שרבים ביקשו את עצתו. עד יום מותו היה נוהג לערוך התייעצויות מדיניות על ספסל בפארק לאפאייט שליד הבית הלבן, בוושינגטון הבירה, או בסנטרל פארק שבניו יורק.

תוכן עניינים 1 ראשית דרכו 2 הצלחותיו בוול סטריט 3 מעורבותו בפוליטיקה ובממשל 4 ספריו 5 לקריאה נוספת 6 קישורים חיצוניים ראשית דרכו ברוך נולד בקמדן (אנ') שבדרום קרוליינה, השני מבן ארבעה בנים. אביו סימון היה יהודי שהיגר מגרמניה ב-1855 ושירת במלחמת האזרחים האמריקנית כרופא בצבא הקונפדרציה בפיקוד רוברט לי. אימו איזבל (או בל) הייתה צאצאית של יהודים ספרדים שבאו לאמריקה במאה ה-17. משפחתו של סימון ברוך ייחסה את עצמה לברוך בן נריה, מחבר ספר ברוך.

ב-1881 עברה המשפחה לניו יורק, בגלל המצב הכלכלי הקשה ששרר בדרום בעשורים שלאחר המלחמה. ברוך סיים את לימודיו שם בסיטי קולג' שמונה שנים לאחר מכן. במוסד זה רכש את ידיעותיו במתמטיקה וכלכלה, ששירתו אותו היטב לאחר מכן כסוחר בוול סטריט. הוא נהג לעסוק בהתעמלות ולהתאבק והיה חבר אחוות פי בטא קפא.

משפחתו ייעדה לו קריירה ברפואה, אולם לא התעניין בה והחל לעבוד דווקא כשליח בבית מרקחת. הוא פיתח הרגל נוסף שנשאר איתו לאורך שנים - הימורים.

הצלחותיו בוול סטריט את העבודה הראשונה שלו בתחום הפיננסים השיגה לו אימו - התמחות בלא שכר אצל סוחר ארביטראז' בשם יוליוס קוהן. לאחר זמן קצר עזב וניסה את מזלו בכריית כסף בקולורדו. יוזמה זו כשלה מהר מאוד וברוך שב לוול סטריט והחל לעבוד בבית השקעות בשם א"א האוסמן אנד קומפני. הוא הצליח להמר נכון, גם בכסף שלווה מאחרים ומהר מאוד היה לשותפו של האוסמן. בטרם מלאו לו שלושים, הוא כבר התעשר וקנה לעצמו מושב בבורסה לניירות ערך בניו יורק, שאפשר לו לסחור באופן עצמאי. ב-1901 וב-1907 הוא הרוויח הון רב כאשר מכר מניות בחסר כשהחלו מפולות ולאחר מכן שינה כיוון וקנה מניות, לקראת ההתאוששות.

ברוך היה ידוע כמי שלא מהסס להמר הימורים גדולים, כאשר הוא משוכנע שהעובדות עמו. לדוגמה, ב-1901 הוא הרוויח הון על ידי קניית מניות יצרני גומי, לאחר שרכש מכונית ושם לב שצמיגיה דורשים החלפה תכופה. את הכינויים "מהמר" ו"ספקולנט" הוא דווקא ראה כתאורים חיוביים.

מעורבותו בפוליטיקה ובממשל ברוך החל את מעורבותו בפוליטיקה של המפלגה הדמוקרטית כתורם גדול. רבים ממועמדי המפלגה זכו ממנו לתרומות נכבדות ומהר מאוד הוא היה איש הכספים המרכזי שלה. לקמפיין הנשיאותי של וילסון ב-1912 תרם 50,000 דולרים. בעצמו לא היה אף פעם מועמד למשרה פוליטית.

ב-1916 החל להיות יועצו של הנשיא וילסון. לאחר מכן מונה למועצת התעשיות המלחמתית (War Industries Board) שהקים וילסון בימי מלחמת העולם הראשונה. בתום המלחמה הוא התלווה לנשיא בועידת השלום בפריז (1919).

בין שתי מלחמות העולם הלכה ופחתה פעילותו בשוק ההון והוא אף מכר את מושבו הבורסאי ואת רוב אחזקותיו כדי שיוכל לשרת את הממשלה בלא ניגוד אינטרסים. בכל אופן נותרו בידו אחזקות שאותן מכר זמן קצר לפני המפולת הגדולה של 1929, מה שגרם לקונגרס להזמין אותו להופיע בפניו, בהאשמה שהוא ואילי הון אחרים (כולל ג'וזף קנדי) עמדו מאחורי המפולת. הנרי פורד האנטישמי כתב על ברוך שהוא חבר בקנוניה יהודית בינלאומית, אולם ההמולה שכונתה "ציד הדובים" ("bear hunt") נסתיימה בלא כלום. רוזוולט שב ומינה את ברוך ליועץ נשיאותי ב-1934.

כיועצו של רוזוולט הוא השתתף בהגיית וביצוע ה"ניו דיל" בימי שלום, וכן עמד מאחורי מספר אמצעים כלכליים בימי מלחמת העולם השנייה. בין השאר ייעץ ליצור מאגרים של בדיל וגומי, ואף להשקיע במחקר ופיתוח של גומי סינתטי, שכן מקורות המשאב החשוב היו רובם ככולם בידי מדינות הציר. כמו כן היה חבר בצוות שהביא להקמת ארגון האומות המאוחדות. ב-1946 מונה על ידי הנשיא טרומן להיות נציגה של ארצות הברית בוועדה לאנרגיה אטומית של האו"ם (United Nations Atomic Energy Commission), לה הציע תוכנית מוקדמת לפיקוח ובקרה על הכח החדש שזה לא מכבר נוצר.

ב-16 באפריל 1947 טבע את המונח "המלחמה הקרה" בנאום. מי ששמע אותו, עשה שימוש רב בביטוי ופרסם אותו, היה העיתונאי וולטר ליפמן.

ספריו Bernard M. Baruch, The Making of the Reparation and Economic Sections of the Treaty‪ New York; London: Harper & Bros., 1920. (על חוזה ורסאי) Taking the Profits out of War: A Program for Industrial Mobilization, New York: privately printed, 1936. ("A compilation of some of the many thousands of words I have written and spoken on the subject of taking the profits out of war and of industrial mobilization.") A Philosophy for our Time; With an introd. by Buell G. Gallagher and a foreword by Thomas L. Norton, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954. אוטוביוגרפיה:

Bernard M. Baruch, Baruch, 2 vols, New York: H. Holt,‎ ‪1957-1960.‎ (Contents: Vol. 1: My Own Story; Vol. 2: The Public Years.) לקריאה נוספת Carter Field, Bernard Baruch, Park Bench Statesman, New York; London: Whittlesey House: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.,‎ 1944. Harry Irving Shumway, Bernard M. Baruch: Financial Genius, Statesman and Adviser to Presidents; with a foreword by James F. Byrnes, secretary of state, and an appendix by Bernard M. Baruch,‪ Boston: L. C. Page,‎ 1946.‎ William Lindsay White, Bernard Baruch: Portrait of a Citizen, New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950. Morris Victor Rosenbloom, Peace through Strength:‎ Bernard Baruch and a Blueprint for Security; Foreword by Eleanor Roosevelt; afterword by Charles E. Wilson, Washington: American Surveys in association with Farrar, Straus and Young, New York,‎ 1953. Margaret L. Coit, Mr. Baruch (Illustrated with photos), Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.‎ Jordan A. Schwarz, The Speculator: Bernard M. Baruch in Washington, 1917-1965 (frontispiece by Barry Moser), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981.‎ James Grant, Bernard M. Baruch: The Adventures of a Wall Street Legend, New York: Simon and Schuster,‎ 1983‎. קישורים חיצוניים מיזמי קרן ויקימדיה ויקיציטוט ציטוטים בוויקיציטוט: ברנרד ברוך ויקישיתוף תמונות ומדיה בוויקישיתוף: ברנרד ברוך סימור "סיי" ברודי, ברנרד ברוך , בספרייה היהודית המקוונת (באנגלית) דוד ליברזון ("פארווערטס"), שיחה עם ברנרד ברוך , דבר, 10 בינואר 1947 אריה חשביה, "יועץ לנשיאים ונשיא ליועצים": דרך חייו של ברנרד ברוּך , דבר, 22 ביוני 1965 (עם פטירתו) אושי דרמן, הברוקר היהודי שעיצב את ההיסטוריה של אמריקה במאה ה-20 , בלוג באתר בית התפוצות, יוני 2019 ברנרד ברוך , באתר "Find a Grave" (באנגלית) https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%91...

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_M._Baruch Bernard Mannes Baruch (/bəˈruːk/; 1870–1965) was an American financier, stock-market speculator, statesman, and political consultant. After his success in business, he devoted his time toward advising U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt on economic matters and became a philanthropist.

Early life and education

Bernard Baruch was born in Camden, South Carolina to Simon and Belle Baruch. He was the second of four sons. His father Simon Baruch (1840–1921) was a German immigrant of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity who came with his family to the United States in 1855. He studied medicine, became a doctor, and served as a surgeon on the staff of Confederate general Robert E. Lee during the American Civil War. He was a pioneer in physical therapy. His mother's Sephardic Jewish ancestors (likely from Amsterdam or London) came to New York as early as the 1690s, where they became part of the shipping business.

In 1881 the family moved from Camden to New York City, where Bernard and his brothers attended local schools. He studied at and graduated from the City College of New York.

Career

Baruch became a broker and then a partner in A.A. Housman & Company. With his earnings and commissions, he bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange for $18,000 ($434,000 in today's dollars). There he amassed a fortune before the age of 30 via speculation in the sugar market. By 1903 Baruch had his own brokerage firm and gained the reputation of "The Lone Wolf of Wall Street" because of his refusal to join any financial house. By 1910, he had become one of Wall Street's best-known financiers.

In 1925 he endowed the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) Mrs. Simon Baruch University Award in memory of his mother, to support scholars who have written unpublished monographs for full-length books on Confederate history. His mother had been an early member of the organization and supported their activities.

Presidential adviser: First World War

In 1916, Baruch left Wall Street to advise president Woodrow Wilson on national defense. He served on the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense and, in 1918, became the chairman of the new War Industries Board. With his leadership, this body successfully managed the US's economic mobilization during World War I. In 1919, Wilson asked Baruch to serve as a staff member at the Paris Peace Conference. Baruch did not approve of the reparations France and Britain demanded of Germany, and supported Wilson's view that there needed to be new forms of cooperation between nations, and supporting the creation of the League of Nations.

In the 1920s and 30s, Baruch expressed his concern that the United States needed to be prepared for the possibility of another world war. He wanted a more powerful version of the War Industries Board, which he saw as the only way to ensure maximum coordination between civilian business and military needs.[3] Baruch remained a prominent government adviser during this time, and supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's domestic and foreign policy initiatives after his election.

During President Roosevelt's "New Deal" program, Baruch was a member of the "Brain Trust" and helped form the National Recovery Administration (NRA).

Presidential adviser: Second World War

When the United States entered World War II, President Roosevelt appointed Baruch a special adviser to the director of the Office of War Mobilization. He supported what was known as a "work or fight" bill. Baruch advocated the creation of a permanent superagency similar to his old Industries Board. His theory enhanced the role of civilian businessmen and industrialists in determining what was needed and who would produce it. Baruch's ideas were largely adopted, with James Byrnes appointed to carry them out. During the war Baruch remained a trusted adviser and confidant of President Roosevelt, who in 1944 spent a month as a guest at Baruch's South Carolina estate.

In 1946 President Harry S. Truman appointed Baruch as the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC). On Friday, June 14, 1946, Baruch presented his Baruch Plan, a modified version of the Acheson–Lilienthal plan, to the UNAEC, which proposed international control of then-new atomic energy. The Soviet Union rejected Baruch's proposal as unfair given the fact that the U.S. already had nuclear weapons; it proposed that the U.S. eliminate its nuclear weapons before a system of controls and inspections was implemented. A stalemate ensued.

Baruch resigned from the commission in 1947. His influence began to diminish, as he grew further out of step with the views of the Truman administration.

Park bench statesman

Baruch was well-known, and often walked or sat in Washington, D.C's Lafayette Park and in New York City's Central Park. It was not uncommon for him to discuss government affairs with other people while sitting on a park bench: he became known for this.

In 1960, on his ninetieth birthday, a commemorative park bench in Lafayette Park across from the White House was dedicated to him by the Boy Scouts.

He continued to advise on international affairs until his death on June 20, 1965, in New York City, at the age of ninety-four. His grave is at Flushing Cemetery, Flushing, Queens, New York City, USA.

Favorite book

A favorite book of Bernard Baruch was Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, by Charles Mackay, first published in 1841. It was also a favorite book of his best friend, Jesse Lauriston Livermore, also known as the Boy Plunger.

Thoroughbred racing

Bernard Baruch owned a string of Thoroughbred racehorses and raced under the name, Kershaw Stable. In 1927 his horse, Happy Argo, won the Carter Handicap.

Legacy and honors

Baruch College of City University of New York was named for him.

The Saratoga Race Course named the Bernard Baruch Handicap in his honor.
Find a Grave

Birth: Aug. 19, 1870 Camden Kershaw County South Carolina, USA

Death: Jun. 20, 1965 New York New York County (Manhattan) New York, USA

Financier and Politician. Known by the nickname "The Lonely Lion of Wall Street". He concluded his studies at City College of New York, later becoming a broker at an important New York company, where he acquired much experience in the business world. Thanks to the activity of his brokerage company, Baruch quickly became very rich. After his success in business, he became advisor in Economy for the presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. During World War II he was appointed, as a specialist in commodities and metals, chairman of the War Industries Board, an institution responsible for organizing the U.S. war economy. In 1946, he was appointed by Harry Truman to prepare a plan for disarmament of nuclear weapons, but the attempt was a failure due to opposition of the Soviet Union. According to historians, he coined the term "Cold War", defined as the tension between the two superpowers. (bio by: Lucy Caldarelli)

Family links:

Parents:

• Simon Baruch (1840 - 1921)
• Isabel Wolfe Baruch (1850 - 1921)

Children:

• Belle Wilcox Baruch (1899 - 1964)*
• Bernard Mannes Baruch (1902 - 1992)*
• Baby Son Baruch (1903 - 1903)*

Siblings:

• Hartwig Nathaniel Baruch (1868 - 1953)*
• Bernard Baruch (1870 - 1965)
• Herman Benjamin Baruch (1872 - 1953)*
• Calculated relationship

Burial: Flushing Cemetery Flushing Queens County New York, USA

Edit Virtual Cemetery info [?]

Maintained by: Find A Grave Record added: Jan 01, 2001 Find A Grave Memorial# 65

Бернард Барух (англ. Bernard Baruch; 19 августа 1870, Камден, Южная Каролина — 20 июня 1965, Нью-Йорк) — американский финансист, биржевой спекулянт, а также политический и государственный деятель. Состоял советником при президентах США Вудро Вильсоне и Франклине Д. Рузвельте. Бернард Барух первым в мире в официальной обстановке употребил термин «холодная война»