Bernard Weidenthal

MR. BERNARD WEIDENTHAL Mr. Bernard Weidenthal, an old and well known Israelite of Cleveland, died suddenly at the Sir Moses Montefiore Home for Aged and Infirm Israelites Tuesday morning. The funeral took place Wednesday afternoon from the Montefiore Home. Dr. Machol and Dr. Wolfenstein officiated. The Interment was at Willet Street Cemetery-Messrs. S. Rosenblatt, Simon Skall, Josep h Metzenbaum, L. Bondy, Henry Frank and Jacob Rothschild acted as pall bearers. The deceased was born at Hostits, Bohemia, in November, 1814. At an early age he was sent away to school, where he received a thorough instruction in Hebrew and Talmudical studies. He lived in Prague eight years, and while there he was a book-keeper, and though he had a hard struggle for existence, he devoted his evenings to studying modern languages and was a fluent linguist in German, English, Bohemian, Italian and French. Mr. Weidenthal came to Cleveland In 1849 and married Miss Dorathea Loewy in 1851. He is survived by one son, Dr. N. Weidenthal, of this city.

He was one of the oldest members of the Scovill Avenue Temple, being at one time one of the Sabbath school teachers there. The deceased was very pious; to him his religion came first, and when health permitted he would never miss divine services. He was a noble and self-sacrificing father and husband, and a true friend; he was very hospitable and always had a kind and pleasant word for all.

Jewish Review & Observer 7/11/1902

1849 A little group of Czechs arrived in Cleveland, including Willi Hesky and his sister. Bernard Weidenthal came from Vestice u Tabora, Bohemia with his widowed mother, Mrs. Rebecca Neumann Weidenthal, and her children, Charlotte, Fannie, and Leopold; and Joseph Loewy and his daughter, Dorothea. Weidenthal purchased a residence on Woodland Avenue to which he took his bride, Dorothea Loewy. Hesky went west in early manhood, and his sister married a farmer near Sandusky.

According to the advertisements, the fireplace was on the way out, and the cooking stove was featured as a great new blessing to the meal-maker. A gas-manufacturing plant had been built and pipes were laid to provide street lighting for Cleveland. One by one the smoky lamps were removed and the first street lights were installed, brightening Superior Street from the river to Erie, the Public Square, and Water, Merwin, and Bank streets. On December 8, the lights were turned on, and citizens gathered under the lamp posts to enjoy the novelty.

The glory of the stars and moon And comets, too, may pass; Then let 'em go — however soon. For Cleveland's burning gas!
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His body was interred in Willet St. Cemetary.

According to David Attride

Bernard moved to Cleveland, OH in 1849

http://david-attride.net/Attride_Genealogy/Weidenthal.html

http://czechmatediary.com/2010/01/25/history-of-czechs-in-ohio-part...

The second part of the history of Czechs in Ohio is here :

‘So Gustav Adam, the first Czech immigrant to Ohio, was dead and what happened then? The Czech immigrant torch overtook Jindrich Hladik from Prague and a few Czech Jewish men such as Leopold Levy from Smetanova Lhota u Pisku, Bernard Weidenthal from Vestice u Tabora and Zikmund Stein from Prague. Levy had a fabric store and Stein opened up a little pub on Seneca Street, while Hladik owned a food market. In 1849 inhabited Cleveland also a 22-year-old Abraham Weidenthal whose offspring became excellent journalists.

In 1852 arrived to Cleveland 16 new Czech families and their beginnings were not pretty. Since the women were accustomed going to the town bare-foot and with scarfs tied around their heads, the locals thought of them as Gypsies. The local kids would through stones at them, swear at them and adults would not let them stay in any of the houses. That is why ALL of those 16 families (??? members???) ended up living at the above mentioned, generous Leopold Levi’s small backyard (his house was very small already) for quite some time. They had no money and Mr. Levi was helping to feed them. These Czech men and women would also go to the local slaughter-house where they were given free organs such as lungs, liver, kidneys, tails and legs - parts that were otherwise thrown away into the river - to make additional meals in order to feed their families.

---

Book of Jewish Families Births (1805-1839) for Hostice: Moises Weidenthal +1.3.1847 (does this mean his death?); Eltern: Aron und Mutter Sara; Rebeka Neumann (Ehekonsenz 1813): 1814 Bernard. (MM-178) 1811 Familiant Records: HOSTITZ; No. 6991; District No. 2 (MM-238 Image MM-289) Weidenthal Moises (Hostitz); Parents: Aron and mother Sara. Wife: Rebeka Neumann. Marriage license issued in June 11, 1813 Sons: 1814 Bernard 1818 Abraham 1820 Leopold 1827 Emanuel (MM-238) Aron Weidenthal died in December 24, 1791 Moises inherited the marriage license. Moises died in March 1, 1847. According to (MM-15), Bernards family originated in Bavaria in a town or region by the name Weidenthal then migrated to Bohemia. His widowed mother transferred their home to him in March 1847. (MM-101A) He graduated from the Univ. of Prague then worked in Prague as an Accountant. (MM-15) He left for America bringing his mother, Rebecca, and a friend Joseph Loewe (Levi) who brought his son and daughter (Dorothea or Deborah). They went to Liverpool and head for Boston but landed in Baltimore. He intended to go to Milwaukee but settled in Cleveland. (MP-15) Oct. 1849 he arrived in the U.S. (MM-42) National Archives searched passenger lists for Bernard 1820-1897 and did not find him. (MM-46) According to (MM-45) he also emigrated with siblings, Charlotte, Fannie and Leopold. When Bernard left Hostitz in 1849, the family home went to I. Weil who had married a niece of Moses Weidenthal. (MM-101A) He lived in Prague for about 8 years working as a bookkeeper. (MM-67) Early history of Anshe Chesed Congregation in MM-123. “Abraham Weidenthal left Hostitz, Bohemia in 1847 and went first to Ann Arbor, Mich. After two years thee he came to Cleveland, just in time to meet his mother, Mrs. Rebecca (Neumann) Weidenthal, widow of Moses Weidenthal. She came direct from Hostitz. Mrs. Weidenthal brought with her two other sons, Bernard and Leopold, and her two daughters, Charlotte and Fanny. Another son, Emanuel, came to Cleveland in 1865.” from Early Cleveland family story in newspaper article. (MM-216) 1850 Ohio Census (Ancestry.com): Barnhart Widenthiel (20 b. Germany), peddler, living in Cleveland, Ward 1 with Leopold Levi (24 b. Germany) and Lottie Weidenthal (24 b. Germany). June 1854 Naturalization declaration filed. (MM-42) He first appears in the Cleveland City directory in 1856 as Dry Goods. (MM-76) He was naturalized by 1859 (MM-25) 1860 Cleveland, OH census: Aged 48, living with in-laws and wife, Deborah (28) and 2 children. It lists Bernard as a merchant with Levi & Weidenthal. (MM-21 & MM-37) He was a merchant for Levi & Weidenthal from at least 1859 to 1873. (MM-36, 39, 76) 1893 He retired and was living with his son Nathan (MM-76) Bernard was fluent in German, English, Bohemian, Hebrew, Italian and French (MM-88) Obituary appears in Jewish Review & Observer Vol. 26, No. 2, pg 2 cols 4-5 (MM-66) Details from obit: He was living at Sir Moses Montefiore Home for the Aged; Interred at Willet St. Cemetery; born Hostitz, Bohemia Nov. 1814; living 8 yrs in Prague working as a bookkepper; Married Dorothea Loevy in 1851 and survived by son, Dr. N. Weidenthal. Obituary: Jewish Review & Observer: Vol. 26 No. 2 Pg 2 Col. 4-5. (MM-130) Last Modified 17 Apr 2009Created 6 Mar 2010 using Reunion for Macintosh

Bernard Weidenthal married Leopold Levy’s 19-year-old sister Dorothea (Deborah) and he had a fabric store.

David Attride

http://onwardtoourpast.com/genealogy_blog/czech-genealogy/bohemian-...

In 1849, another Bohemian Jew, Abraham Weidenthal (1818-1848), a native of Hostice, moved to Cleveland, OH, after first immigrating to Michigan in 1847. He brought with him his new wife, Rebecca Neuman (1823-1890), also a native from Bohemia, whom he married at Ann Arbor, MI in 1847. Other members of the Weidenthal family, including Abraham’s mother Rebecca, his brothers Bernard and Leopold and sisters Fanny and Charlotte joined them the same year. The youngest Abraham’s brother Emanuel (1827-1897) arrived in Cleveland with his wife Julia and their six children around 1865. A least three of these children, Maurice, Henry and Leo became prominent journalists in Cleveland.

In 1849, Joseph Lőwy (1797-1870), another Bohemian Jew, arrived from Nové Hostice, together with his sons Leopold, Ignatz and Albert and daughter Dorothea. Two years later Dorothea Lőwy married Bernard Weidenthal.

BEGINNINGS BOHEMIAN EMIGRATION IN CLEVELAND, OHIO

Written by Hugo Chotek The struggles of the first settlers to the Cleveland area were clearly many, but the eyes of whoever speaks of them always light up in full enthusiasm and with blissful expression they describe: "You know, we suffered a lot back then, and were often hungry, but the times were good and we kept each other company around a warmer fire and with greater sincerity than is the norm now. So sad those golden years are now gone." I took it upon myself to determine who were the first Czechs to settle in Cleveland and, in 1894 (last year), I personally visited all of the oldest settlers of Czech origin, such as Mrs. Žáková, Mrs. Havlíčková, Mr. Jos. Novák, Martin Kerjčí, J. Kříže, J. Štědronský, Leo. Levý, B. Wiedenthal, M. Stein and others.

Unfortunately, few of those who I had visited, with the exception of Krejčí, Levý, Stein, Weidenthal and Mrs. Machová and Mrs. Žáková, remembered their past with clear certainty.

Most have stated that the first Czech immigrant to the area was Jos. Hladík, but that is not the case. This I learned from Leo. Levý, who knew Hladík personally and met almost every day for an entire year. I wrote about my entire meeting with Levý in my book American, from which I will extract the following excerpt:

"You ask how our voyage went? Like a thousand others back then: long and full of suffering, hunger, danger and bitter disappointment. We were all sandwiched in there like sardines and it was no wonder that contagious diseases abounded. There were many Czechs on the boat and about 25 of them died on the way. By the time we hit the American shore there were many orphans who parents didn't survive the journey. My goodness, just thinking of what must have happened to those poor orphans and what kind of fate awaited them in this new land. Did they survive the hardships of life or die somewhere a meaningless death? Our and the goals of most of us Czechs was the city of Milwaukee, in Wisconsin, because it is from there that most of the appealing letters were sent and which so excited our famous Smetanova Lhota, or the neighboring region of Práchyňský. Once we arrived to Cleveland we were so exhausted that, with the greatest pleasure, we let ourselves break our little tent. My friend Weidenthal and I stayed there while our other compatriots (can't remember their names now) continued westwards. Only five of us had remained: Professor Adam (an excellent musician and music teacher), Hladík, Stein, myself, and Bernard Weidenthal." Not able to communicate well with the locals and not knowing the local customs, it was quite harsh in the beginning, not to mention that our financial resources were extremely meagre. Under such conditions you can imagine what saving grace good advice can be, or help in general, and of those I remember J. Hladík, and then the Israelis Leder and Levý. Leder did for us without profit. He was the type of Jew you’d rarely come across.

Levý and Weidenthal ran a shearing shop on Woodland Avenue. All of the older residents have only praise for Levý, as he helped many with his advice or aid. Even though he lived modestly in a small home, he managed to offer a roof over the head of the first 16 Czech immigrant families, providing them with everything they needed without asking for anything in return.

See also overview for Leopold Loewy who was Bernard's brother in-law and close friend.

http://www.clevelandjewishhistory.net/gen/antebellum-appendix-vz.htm

The Jewish Independent, Friday, September 03, 1937; Page: 13

100th ANNIVERSARY OF ARRIVAL OF FIRST JEWISH SETTLER IN CLEVELAND TO BE CELEBRATED BY CLEVELAND COMMUNITY OCT. 24-31-STORY OF THE PIONEERS

When young Simson Thorman of Unsleben, Bavaria, in the year 1837 reached the tiny city of Cleveland, located mainly in the valley of the Cuvahoga, and the hillside streets, another chapter in the cosmopolitan growth of Greater Cleveland had its beginnings. With Simson Thorman's coming opens the history of the Cleveland Jewish community. The closing of the span of the century that has lapsed since then, and the achievements of the Jews of Cleveland both as a community and as an integral factor in the city's remarkable civic and industrial expansion will be commemorated during the week of Oct. 24 to 31. The celebration will be conducted under the auspices of the Cleveland Jewish Community Council. A Centennial Committee named by the Council is now completing plans tor the observance.

Simson Thorman was twenty-six years of age when he arrived in the New World and journeyed from the coast to his home in the Middle West Cleveland as a city was then in its earliest infancy In the year 1836 attaining a population of 5,000 it had taken the legal steps which transformed it from a village into a citv. Other pioneers soon after the arrival of S Thorman, left Bavaria because " of oppressive legislation and unsettled European conditions, and proceeded to Cleveland. Among the earliest Jewish settlers in the little city were Aaron Lowentritt of Schoeningen, Bavaria,; Samson Hoffman, of Unsleben who arrived with his family in 1839; Simon Newmark, of Wilmersdorf, Bavaria; Moses Alsbacher, of Unsleben, Bavaria; Gerson Strauss and S. L. Colman, of Geroden, Bavaria; and Kalman Roskopf, of Gustfeld, Bavaria.

Pioneer Thorman was Cleveland's first Jewish bridegroom, as well at its first Jewish settler. Miss Regina Klein, sister of Abraham Klein, another pioneer settler who came to Cleveland in 1840, from Unsleben, Was his bride. The marriage was solemnized in New York City. Samuel Thorman, son of Simson Thorman, was the first Jewish chid born in Cleveland. The other children born to Cleveland's first Jewish settler were: Mrs. Joseph Erlanger, Mrs. Philip Schloss,.

Mrs-Kaufman Hays, Mrs. Jacob, Wienei, Mrs. M. Wiener, Frank Thoiman , IJudah Thorman and Simon lnorman. , ,„„„, Simson Thorman served as a member of the City Council in 1865 and (1866. He died in Terre Haute, Ind land was buried in old Willet Street Cemetery, Cleveland. His remains [were later transferred to Maynela [Cemetery. . . . t iie Mr. Thorman was prominent in tne earliest Jewish communal lite in Cleveland. He was a leader-in the establishment of the firs J^iBh ^ ligious organization of Clevelana and in the formation of the fi s It was Cleveland B'nai B'rith lodge. at the home of Samson Hoffman , Seneca Street( W. 3rd and Cham plain Avenue) that the first gathei , lings of the tiny Jewish commumty [took place. The Israehtische_ Sot*ty ¦as the first Jewish congregation was named, was created in his home ana was headed by Simson Thoiman as chairman and Isaac Hoffman son oi iSamson Hoffman as spintuaMcau f er. In the party of the Hoffman I during the long, "f^^ojTere Ifrom the Old World in 1839 Simson Thorman Aaron Lowentritt Moses Alsbacher hmily to arnve m U cIand t „„s „„ S,e n (n > ^ ^^ Uoa(.n. »- 0 ' -^ ,Wf --M "y " HOffn ""' ha m Hoffman (wife <>f lsaa °' Kcl>CCC '""...Hir. „„„,„ ,,

son, Isaac H°^',C nbaum, and • mAI other streets in this section. a, The pioneers of the earliest years made the journey across the Atlan-Uc in sail boat*, the trip lasting six : v k t w0(.ks „r more. From New York to (hc noy was by Mw weeks or more. From New York to Cleveland the journey was by stage coach. . y.i i i Among the settlers m Cleveland after sail-boat and stage coach journeys, were Moses Alsbacher and his wife, who reached the city in 1840. Their first home was in the Hats. I~iter they moved to the Woodland-E. 22nd Street section. Mr. Alsbacher was a charter member of IUorcth Israel Congregation, now the Temple. His death occurred in 1870. , „ Isaac Alsbacher, son of Moses Alsbacher, was the second Jewish child born in Cleveland He was born in 1840. His wife I^ecca Klein Alsbacher, was the daughter ol Abraham Klein, brother-in-law of Simson Thorman. Mrs. . Alsbacher was born in Cleveland in 1849 in a home located at Broadway and the present E. 9th Street. After their marriage, the young couple, in 1869, moved into their newly erected home, 2241 Woodland Avenue which is still occupied by their children. Mr Alsbacher was the proprietor ol a wholesale meat market. The wife of Pioneer Abraham Klein was Caroline Goldsmith Klein.

Her brothers, Theodore and Frederick Goldsmith came to Cleveland in , in the late 40's and were active the city's Jewish communal me. In addition to Mrs. Alsbacher , the following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Abraham Klein: Ju bus Klein David Klein, Rose Klein Heller, El i zabeth Klein Rosenthal, Mrs. Yetta Bloch. Another early settler was Falk Klein, brother of Abraham Klem, who married Fannie Hays, sistei ot Kaufman Hays and Joseph Hays. The following children were born to Falk and Fannie Klein: . Rebecca Klein Mayer, Henry . Klein Judah Klein, Belle Klein Lichtenstadtei . _ Samuel Loeb Colman arrived »n Cleveland in 1840 after a voyage of 63 days on a sailing vessel, in Cleveland " occurred his marnag Miss Ella Strauss, who had joined I her brother, Gerson Strauss, in this city. Mr. Colman became the proprietor of a clothing and dry goods store at 24 Prospect Street in the early 40's.

In 1846 Manuel Halle pioneer Jewish philanthropist and an early Cleveland financier and merchant, who passed away Nov. 24 ,1932 at the age of 101, arrived in Cleveland. He was then fourteen years of age and had arrived in New York from Welmars, Bavaria, some months before. While employed as a clerk in the City Mill Store, he became acquainted with John D Rockefeller 'and formed a friendship at that time that was to be of life long duration. In 1863 he married Miss Augusta Weil. At the time of his marriage he was a partner of William C Schofield in the Schofield Refineries.

With his brother, Moses Halle, who was the father of Salmon P. and Sauel H, Kalle, he opened Cleveland's first Halle Store under the name of M and M Halle, on the old Water St. In 1891 Samuel H and Salmon P Halle founded the Halle Bros. Co.

In the year 1849 Mrs. Rebecca Neumann Weidenthal of Hostitz, Bohemia, and two sons and two daughters arrived in Cleveland. He son Abraham Weidenthal.had preceeded them to Cleveland. In 1847 he had left Hostitz, settling first in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Two years later he came to Cleveland. With his mother on the journey fromBohemia were her sons, Bernhard and Leopold Weidenthal, and her two daughters, Charlotte and Fanny.

Mrs. Weidenthal passed away in 1863 and is buried in Willet St Cemetery. In 1865 her son, Emanuel, came to the US from Miskolzc, Hungary, where he had resided for a number on years. In 1867 his wife Julie Kretch Weidenythal, and their five children arrived. The oldest of the children was Maurice Weidenthal, who became the first editor of The Jewish Independent in 1906. With Mrs. Weidenthal and her children on the journey from Europe were her father, David Loeb Kretch, and her sisters, Lena, Therese, Charlotte, Hannah, and Fanny. The late Abraham Weidenthal's son, J.H. Weidenthal, now 81, was born in a house on lower Broadway, that had been moved from the site of the old Bethel in the flats.

On the same boat in which Rebecca Weidenthal sailed were Joseph Loewy and three sons, Leopold, Ignatz and Albert and bhis daughter Dorothea, who later became Mrs. Bernhard Weidenthal. The Party landed at Baltimore and journeyed by rail to Portsmouth, O. From Portsmouth they made the trip to Cleveland by way of the Canal.

Bernhard Weidenthal was active in the early life of the Anshe Chesed Congregation. In June, 1S51, Lazarus Wolf and family arrived in Cleveland from Germany. Their first home was on Woodland Avenue. Later the family moved to Orange Street. Mr. Wolf joined the Anshe Chesed Congregation and often occupied the pulpit as cantor. Elias P. Wolf, now eighty-six years of age and residing with his daughter, Mrs. Ueva Wolf Feigenbaum at 2477 Overlook Road, was the third of live children born to Mr. and Mrs. Lazarus Wolf, lie was born in Cleveland, Aug. Hi, 1S51. He was confirmed by Rabbi G. M. Cohen of the Anshe Chesed Congregation in his second confirmation class on June 11, IS(M. Lazarus Wolf passed away in 1882.

From Bohemia in I854 came Mr. and Mrs. Herman Rosenwasser. Ten children were born to these pioneer Clevelanders. Of these, the following were born abroad and were brought bv their parents to this countrv. Edward, Elizabeth (Mrs. Elizabeth Feil), Sarah, Marcus, Joseph, Andrew, Mrs. Charles Singer, and Nathan. Frank and Charles were born in the United States. Edward Rosewater achie\ed national fame as editor of the Omaha Pee. In earlv manhood he was a telegraph operator, during the period of the Civil War. It was Edward Rosewater who sent President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation over the wires. In IS(>4 he married Leah Colman, daughter of S. L. Colman, pioneer Clevelander.

Other members of the Rosewater familv achieved great distinction in their ' chosen careers. Dr. Marcus Rosenwasser and Dr. Nathan Rosewater, were prominent physicians, the former serving as president of the Cleveland Board of Health. Andrew Rosewater was city engineer of Omaha for three terms and played an important part in the building of the Union Pacific Frank Rosewater Mrs Rebecca Neumann Weidenthal Abraham Weidenthal was a brilliant writer on economic subjects.

Two pioneer residents of Cleveland, destined to achieve national fame as statesmen and as leaders, made an early impress upon the city's Jewish cultural and communal life in the vears immediately following. Simon Wolf and Benjamin F. Peixotto, both of whom lived in Cleveland in this period, here formed a friendship that was to direct their lives and to influence the course of Jewish events in the United States.

Both were prominent in the city s cultural life; both studied law while residing in Cleveland, and both were leaders in the early activities of the B'nai B'rith including the establishment of the Cleveland Jewish Orphan Home. In 1SS1 President Garfield named Simon Wolf Consul General to Egypt. During the administration of President Grant, Simon Wolf had been a leading advocate of the appointment of Peixotto to the post ot United States Consul at Bucharest. Roumania. an office in which the pioneer Clevelander displayed his great zeal for the cause of his oppressed coreligionists in Roumania. It is believed that it was his presentation of the situation in Roumania that led Disraeli to direct his influence at the Berlin Congress, to the plan of stipulating that Roumania acquire status as a kingdom only upon the condition that civil and political rights were granted the Jews of Roumania. Peixotto was an editorial writer for the Plain Dealer while he lived in Cleveland. He was one of the teachers in the Tifereth Israel Hebrew and Sunday School, on Huron Road, in 1858. His death occurred in New York in 1890. Simon Wolf passed away in 1923. A number of the institutions which have made their impress upon Cleveland's Jewish religious, welfare and cultural life had their beginnings in the years in which the first Jewish settlers were arriving. The outgrowth of the gatherings in the home of Samson Hoffman was the organization of Israelitsch Society with a membership of twenty, in the year 1839. In 1842 a group seceded and formed the Anshe Chesed Society. One group worshipped in a a hall on South Water Street and the other in a hall on Farmer's block, Prospect Avenue. Rev. Asher Lehman was spiritual leader of the Anshe Chesed Society. A reunion of the two groups and the new organization adopted the name Anshe Chesed Israelitsch Society. With the establishment of this organization m 184G began the history of the present Euclid Avenue Temple Congregation. The Tifereth Israel Congregation, now worshipping in the Temple, Ansel Road and E. 105th Street, was formed by seceders from the Anshe Chesed Congregation in 1850. S. L. Stearn was the first spiritual leader of the Anshe Chesed Congregation. Its first president was Frederick Goldsmith.

In 1865 the B'nai Jeshurun Congregation, now worshipping in the Temple-on-the-Heights was organized under the leadership of Herman Sampliner. The sixteen pioneer members worshipped in the earliest period of the congregation's existence at the Sampliner home. The congregation grew with the arrival of pioneer Jewish settlers from Hungary. The Anshe Emeth Congregation was organized m 1870 by earliest pioneers arriving from Poland and Lithuania. Its first synagogue was located near the Central Market. The Beth Hamidrash Hogodal was organized shortly after the establishment of the Anshe Emeth. The Cleveland Jewish Center Congregation (Anshe Emeth Beth Tefilo) was created by the merger of the Anshe Emeth and Beth Tifilo Congregations. The Cleveland Jewish Orphan Home, Montefiore Home, Mt. Sinai Hospital and other welfare institutions now a part of the city's communal life, had their beginnings in the efforts of the city's early Jewish settlers and expanded to modern proportions through the service of their descendants working jointly with those who arrived in later years to build up the great Jewish community that has come into existence within the past one hundred years of Cleveland's history.