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Christian Philipp Bauer, Sr

Christian Philipp Bauer, Sr's Geni Profile

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Christian Philipp Bauer, Sr
Birthdate:	1720
Birthplace:	Herzogtum Bayern, Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation
Death:	1816 (95-96) VA, United States
Place of Burial:	Forestville, Shenandoah County, Virginia, United States
Immediate Family:	Son of Johann Ludwig Sebastian Bauer and Anna Catharina Weber Husband of Maria Elizabeth Bauer Father of Ludwig Bauer; Catharine Margareth Bauer; Maria Ann Bauer; Christian Bauer, Jr.; Barbara Barbara Bauer and 15 others

Managed by:	Marie Cecelia Eck-Rockhold
Last Updated:	November 25, 2019

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Immediate Family

About Christian Philipp Bauer, Sr

http://www.jackmasters.net/bowers.html
Christian "Bowers" Bauer was born ca 1720 in Baveria, Germany and immigrated 24 Sep 1737 to Philadelphia, PA. Christian was a Revolutionary War soldier in PA and died 9 Sep 1816 in Shenandoah CO., VA. He was very likely buried in Forestville, Shenandoah CO., VA, Solomon's Church Cemetery.

Christian married ca 1767 in Frederick CO., MD, Mara Elizabeth Schindeldecker who was born Dec 28, 1738 in PA. She was the daughter of Johann Jacob Schindeldecker and Marina Elizabeth Schussler. Maria died 15 Mar 1815 in Shenandoah CO., VA, and was buried in Forestville, Shenandoah CO., VA, Section III, Solomon's Church Cemetery. The adjacent grave is thought to be that of Christian.

Christian arrived at the Courthouse in Philadelphia 24 Sep 1737 from Rotterdam, on the Ship Virtuous Grace, mastered by John Bull to take his "Oaths to the Government". He arrived supposedly alone, at the age of 17 along with 72 other Palatines. The names of women passengers were not enumerated on the ship's list.

Christian's arrival was only two days before the arrival of the family he would marry into thirty years later as the families of George "Schussler" Schisler and Johann J. "Schindeldecker" Schindeldeker arrived in Philadelphia on 26 Sep 1737 aboard the ship St. Andrew Galley, Mastered by John Stedman from Rotterdam carrying Palatines.

About 1755 Christian received a land grant from Lord Fairfax. The land grant was in an area known as the "Forest" due to the dense timber the first settlers found there.

The 1785 census locates Christian and his family in Shenandoah County, VA. The household is listed as containing "12 white souls with one dwelling house".

Christian's will was written on 11 Aug 1810 and proved on 9 Apr 1816 in Shenandoah Co., VA. "Will book K, Page 112."

2nd Generation

Ludwig "Lewis" Bowers - He married Elizabeth Folz 11 May 1791. They had 10 children.
Christian Bowers Jr. - Born ca 1769. He married Elizabeth Andes on 26 Nov 1795.
John Bowers - Born 19 Nov 1772 in Shenandoah Co., VA. He married Maria Magdalena Andes 21 Aug 1797 in Timberville, Rockingham Co., VA.
William Augustin "Gus" Bowers - Born 31 Mar 1774 in Shenandoah CO., VA. He married Barbara/Rachel Dunlap, 26 Dec 1796 in Rockingham CO., VA.
Elizabeth Bowers - She married John Rubfreit.
Catherine Bowers - She married Adam Zerkel
Margareth Bowers - She married Nathaniel Zeveher.
Philip Bowers - He married Catherine Kipps 26 Sep 1811. They had 11 children.
Mary Barbara Bowers - She married Peter Fernler.
Ann Mary Bowers - She married Peter Scrwind .

GEDCOM Note

Christian Bauer was born about 1719 in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. He (no age given, so all we know is that he was at least 16) arrived in Phila. with other passengers from the Palatinate, Darmstadtand Zweybrecht on board the ship Neptune, Capt. Waire, from Rotterdam via Cowes, England, and took the oaths Monday, 30 Sep 1754. 142 adult males, 260 freights, 400 souls, 4 Roman Catholics. Christian did not sign his own name, but just put a mark by what someone else wrote for him each time, hence his name was shown spelled both as BAUER and as BOWERS.Upon arrival in Philadelphia Christian Bauer proceeded to an area in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, called the "Forest" due to the dense timber the settlers found there; where he had received a land grant from Lord Fairfax. The land grant was located near Timberville, Rockingham County, Virginia.Generally speaking the Shenandoah Valley area was predominately populated with the "Scotch-Irish" and Germans. The Scotch-Irish seem to have congregated more in Augusta County and south, and the Germans from Rockingham County north. That, of course, is a generalization and you will find some ofboth settling in the entire region, but looking at the names of the early settlers to these areas would bear out this generalization. Much of the settlement came by way of Pennsylvania down through the "Great Valley", and this was the path of Christian Bowers, Sr.The DAR Patriot Index, Centennial Edition shows Christian Bowers as a soldier in Pennsylvania, with death date of 1816 in Virginia. As the death date coincides with the passing of our ancestor, we must conclude he was a veteran of the Revolution.On October 12, 1790, Christian Bowers applied for the "door-keeper's place" to the Executive (Governor of Virginia at Richmond); as recorded in the Calendar of Virginia State Papers and Other Manuscripts from July 2, 1790 to August 10, 1792;volume V, page 215.Elizabeth died on 15 March 1815, at age 76 years, 2 months, and 18 days. She is buried in the cemetery at Solomons Church, located on the northease side of Road No. 727, between Road No. 42 and Road No. 716, some five miles slightly Southwest of Mt. Jackson and about seven miles northwest of New Market, and 1.75 miles northwest of Forestville. Her tombstone is hand incised on a fieldstone marker and written in German.Christian lies beside Elizabeth, as there were three fieldstone-marked graves, sans inscriptions, next to her. Recently a farmer's tractor auger was sunk into the ground there and a metal plate welded to it bearing Christian's and his son Phillip's names.The settlement of Christian's will took many years. The death of one daughter, as noted in his will, and the death of his son Ludwig/Lewis Bowers in 1814, before Christians death, must have caused the extension of the settlement because of all the minor grandchildren involved. The lengthy record, however, provides wonderful insight into descendants of Christian and Elizabeth Bauer.Our Family members yearsago confirmed the Bauer family came to America from Germany by way of Holland. The Palatine was an area in southwest Germany which belonged to the Kingdom of Bayern (Bavaria), although it was not physically attached to it. In general usage, the term "Palatine" for certain German immigrants during the early to mid 1700's has come to mean not only those persons who actually resided in the Palatinate, but also has come to include persons from parts of Austria, Baden, Bavaria, Wuerttemberg, Hesse, Alsace, or Switzerland, and who travelled down the Rhine to embark at Rotterdam for America. Lancour's book lists numerous ships on which Palatines arrived at both New York and Philadelphia.Emigration before 1800 was typified by people from the same areas in Germany emigrating together in groups. The first mass immigration of Germanic people came in the first half of the 18th Century. It was at this time that the emigration from the Rhineland to Pennsylvania was at its peak. It was so great that, for a time, it appeared as if the entire Palatinate (the present Rheinland Pfalz or Rhineland Palatinate and part of Baden) might be depopulated. It did not slow down until the time of the French and Indian War. While it was war here that stopped the immigration, it was war and religious persecution that was the original cause of the emigration. The Thirty Years War whichended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia had left the Palatinate in a devastated condition, and then in 1674 and 1675 the French invaded the area. Again from 1688 to 1697 the War of the Palatinateoccurred, and the French General Melac laid waste to the whole area making it almost uninhabitable. In 1689 the cities of Mainz, Worms, Mannheim, Speyer, and Heidleberg were burned. People were driven from their homes in the dead of winter. Other places besides the Palatinate were hit. Wuerttemberg and Alsace also suffered. In addition, the people were taxed excessively, so that the German princes could emulate the French Court by building palaces and gardens. Religious persecutions were carried out by both the church and the government. From the mid 1500's on, the Catholic Church launched a Counter Reformation Movement. It began by putting more pressure on the nobility to control heretics within their kingdoms and estates. Because of this, many people were punished, imprisoned, tortured and often killed if they tried to go against the Catholic Church. After the Treaty of Westphalia the Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed Lutheran or Calvinist Churches were the only churches officially recognized by the existing kingdoms. Others, such as Jews, Huguenots, Mennonites and Anabaptists were still persecuted; and this was often done by the recognized Protestant churches as well as the Catholic Church. The religious persecutions took many forms. The Electors (rulers) of the Palatinate changed their religion four times in as many reigns. With each change the people were expected to follow the lead of their rulers. An extremely cold winter in 1709 brought much more suffering and was the final straw for many.When Mittie Bowers died in Brownwood Texas, I was toldshe had owned a Family Bible. Chris Bowers said he had seen the Bible and that it contained genealogical notes and a pen and ink rendition of the Bauer Coat of Arms. Lester Bowers, I'm sad to say, disposed of this Bible in a "garage sale" before I could reach it. Curiously, the older family members seemed to not know what was in the genealogy, or what the coat of arms looked like. All Chris couldremember, was that there was a similar design repeated three times... perhaps three stars. Heraldry's origins go back to about the year 1100 CE. Possession of a coat of arms has traditionally identified the bearer as a bona fide member of the gentry, and often as an individual with significant civil rank. Coats of arms in Europe were not granted to all individuals with a specific surname, nor forthat matter to all members of a particular family. Rather, arms were granted to one individual and became his personal identification, much like a signature. The armiger's descendents become eligibleto rightfully bear the arms only when they individually meet certain specific requirements established by the office of arms in that particular heraldic jurisdiction.Identicalcoats of arms should never be borne by two or more individuals residing within the same armorial jurisdiction, but should be properly differenced so as to be readily distinguish-able. The notorious "Family Coat of Arms" for the name or clan of Jones, Smith or whatever, purchasable by mail-order or in one's local department store, represents no more than improper and illegitimate armorial bearings. To bear the arms of another individual is to publicly claim that individual as a direct ancestor.A probable Family Shield, or Coat of Arms, found listed was "Green Background, a pair of blue wings." This same Shield was found listed in Riestrap's Armory (French) as:Bauer - Frankfort am Main. De sinople au vol d'azur; au chef du meme, ch. de trois etoiles d'or.Vol means: "a pair of wings, joined. Sinople (vert on English Arms) means green. Azur means blue. Or means gold. The Armory would translate:Bauer - from Frankfort am Main. On green, a pair of wings joined, blue; On blue chief (top portion of shield) three stars, gold. (Livery colors were Gold, Blue, and Green.)Mrs. Jenny Bauer Harris (202 Sawdust Road, Suite 109, The Woodlands 77380) who emigrated from Germany in 1961, states that this is also her family Coat of Arms. She states the more ancientform of the Arms (1400's) included a complete double headed eagle (adler), and that the "blue" was actually a turquoise or sky blue. This was the exact Bauer Coat of Arms that still hangs today in King Ludwig's Castle, Schloss Neuswanstein (Castle of the New Swan Stone) in Baveria on the Austrian border. This was the castle Walt Disney reproduced at Disneyland, and that Disney Productions uses asa logo.She has furnished a copy of the Coat of Arms of Winifried Bauer (A.D. 1692) who was knighted and later received the rank of Duke.Further, she states also that her family was forced to convert to Christianity from Judaism. It should be noted that the only way an Ashkenazic Jewish Bauer family could have a Coat of Arms like this... would have been through a forced conversion to Christianity in Germany.The first of the family line in Frankfurt was Yitzhak of Elkanon, who came to Frankfurt from Worms, Germany. He settled in Frankfurt on Judenstrasse (Jew Street), and a red shield hung from the front of his home. His grandson Naftali Herz (who died in 1685) left the house with the Red Shield and moved to another house, "zur Hinter pfann" ("The Warming Pan"). These continued to use the surname "Bauer". Mayer Amschel Bauer's line remained in the house bearing the Red Shield. In later years Mayer Amschel changed his name to Rothschild. This name became synonamous with wealth, power and influence. He was the first of the Rothschilds - the first truly international banker!According to William guy Carr, in Pawns In The Game (Privately printed, 1956), and Secrets of the Federal Reserve, by Eustance Mullins (Bankers Research Inst., P.O. Box 1105, Staunton, VA, 24401) Mayer Amschel Bauer, who owned a goldsmith shop in Frankfurt -- adopted the name Rothschild (Red Shield) in 1773 -- nineteen years after Christian Bauer arrived in Pennsylvania.Mayer AmschelBauer was born in Frankfurt-On-The-Main in Germany in 1743. He was the son of Moses Amschel Bauer an itinerant money lender and goldsmith who, tiring of his wanderings in Eastern Europe, decided to settle down in the city where his first son was born. He opened a shop, or counting house, on Judenstrasse. Over the door leading into the shop hung the large Red Shield. (The House of Rothschild", 1798-1848, N. Ferguson, Penguin Books, 1999.)The well-known author Irving Wallace has a son named David Wallechinsky. Together, the two of them have coauthored The People's Almanac and The People's Almanac #2. Why do father and son have different yet similar last names? As the "About the Authors" page in The People's Almanac #2 says, "David Wallechinsky was born in Hollywood,California, in 1948. In 1972 he adopted the original family name of his grandfather, whose name had been changed to 'Wallace' by an immigration agent at Ellis Island."Some name-changes are terrific! Names were changed as readily as clothes. From Yacov (Hebrew) or Yankel (Yiddish) to Jacob and finally to Jack.From Hyman to Howard, Leybel to Lester or Leon, Berel (or "Burl") to Barnett or Barry, Chai-Sura to Sarah, Breina to Beatrice, Simcha to Seymour, Chatzkel to Haskell, Meyer to Max, Moishe to Mossir, Aaron to Allen.One thing is certain, there should be "feeling" in names. A person should have an idea why he was given the first name he carries. Some have said "It seems to me that my name was given by my parents with no particular feeling, other than they 'liked it' (why did they like it?). It's as though my parents had seen it in a window shop, walked inside, and bought it. It has nothing traditional about it, no memory, no history, not even an anecdote, scarcely a whim -- it was simply a passing fancy." A family name, a saint's name, a hero's name, a poetic name, a symbolic name, all these are good: they have grown naturally, not been bought ready-made. One should be named after somebody or something. Else a name is really only empty breath.Most Jews have two names: a secular name and a religious name. The secular name is in the language of the country where the person resides, and the religious name is Hebrew.Many immigrants had three names: a Hebrew name, an English name, and a Yiddish name. This is because they had two names in Europe (the Yiddish was their secular name), and they adopted an additional secular name on arrival in America. An example might be: Julius (English), Yudl (Yiddish), and Yehudah Yaakov (Hebrew-religious).Now the seventh generation of our family in this country has taken back the family name of the first generation here.Researchers have difficulty in tracing family lines of Jews in the 16th Century Germany, as Jews did not bear official family names. They were in principle, known only by their father's name. Obviously, in a ghetto as populous as the one in Frankfurt, which contained some five hundred families all inextricably related to one another, such an imprecise system of denomination could only foster confusion. In the Seventeenth Century, therefore, patronyms began to appear signifying a place of birth, a city of origin, a profession, or membership in a family of rabbis. Occasionally a name would have only a fleeting life, which may be seen on tombstones engraved with one name for the father and another for the son. The place of residence -- or rather the signboard attached to a house, since numbering did not exist in the ghetto -- provided the most stable patronyms. Thus the name Rothschild originated in a red signboard -- Rot Schild -- identifying a house the family occupied.The Rothschilds constituted a sizable group in Eighteenth Century Frankfurt. A good twenty of them have been identified in the generation of Mayer Amschel's parents, all engaged in buying, selling, speculating, or otherwise dealing in money, since, as Jews, they had no right to practice any other trade. Thus the parents of Mayer Amschel, like so many others, ran a tiny foreign-exchange business, a type of commerce essential to Eighteenth-Century Germany.The Rothschilds are descended fromRabbi Isaac, Son of Elchanan (Rabbi Yitzhak Elchanan) "zum Hahn" (at the sign of the Cock), who came to Frankfurt, Germany in 1530 with his wife, Fogele Worms. Yitzhak, in 1567, moved into a house atthe south end of Judengasse in Frankfurt. The house was identified by a red shield. (Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, 1948, art. Rothschild. (Baron James, the Rise of The French Rothschilds, Anka Muhlstein, The Vendome Press, New York).Today, Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary encompasses 15 educational entities including the Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik Center for Rabbinic Studies, semikhah programs, kollelim (study groups), a school of Jewish music, a high school system, and more than 20 outreach and service organizations. It also serves as a beacon for the Jewish Day School movement in North America contributing to the growth of Jewish all day education on this continent. RIETS is one of 16 undergraduate, graduate and professional schools and affiliates comprising Yeshiva University in New York, America's oldest and largest university under Jewish auspices, now (1998) in its 112th year.The Jewish People had found their way into Germany from Italy and France. They settled in the southern and central areas first. In the fourth century they were in Koln, the eighth century in Mainz, in Magdeburg, Meresburg and Regensburg by the tenth century and in Worms, Trier, and Speier in the eleventh century. It was not until the thirteenth century that they were found in northern Germany. Very little is known of their history in Germany prior to the Crusades. During this early time period they appear to have been accepted by clergy and governmental officials and not to have been deprived of any of their rights. After the Crusades the German Kaiser brought the Jews under his protection. Out of this protection developed the so called Kammerknechtschaft, (Jews became dependent on or controlled by the Chamber). To receive protection from the Chamber they had to pay the protection tax. This began in the fifteenth century for all of Germany. The kaiser also gave this taxing power over the Jews to municipal and ecclesiastical authorities. With time the Kammerknechtschaft became controlled by sovereign and municipal authorities which restricted the freedom of the Jews to live, travel or study where they liked. The protection tax was not uniform and in addition they became subjected to other taxes on local levels as well as financial burdens in the form of finan-cial notes of the Kaiser. During this uncertain time period of theMiddle Ages the Jews could obtain from their Schutz herrn (lord protector) special protection when they traveled by paying a Geleitszoll (escort tax). By the eighteenth century this became known as the Leibzoll (bodily tax) which continued into the Nineteenth Century. Citizenship in the cities was also not permitted for the Jews. They were not allowed to hold any civil office or to approach any civil authorities. They were also excluded from mercantiles and guilds which had been allowed them in world trade before the crusades.In religious and social relationships the Jews were also restricted. They had to live in specific quarters of the city called ghettos, allegedly for their own protection; but in reality it made it easier for people to persecute them. They weremocked and reviled in pictures, words and acts by the people. Sometimes they were only given the choice between death or baptism. They were harassed with people proselyting them. They were not allowed to appear in public places during holy weeks. The people tried to prevent them from participating in any community association in which Christians were a part of. Their doctors were not allowed to have Christian patients. Once in a while a Jew was selected to be a tax collector or a treasury official if they were particularly gifted.The crusaders plundered, baptized or murdered the Jews for the glory of G-d; and destroyed the Jewish communities of Speier, Worms, Mainz, Koln, Trier and Regensburg and other cities. After this, Jews began appearing in many areas and things were quiet until the second crusades. In 1103 Kaiser Heinrich IV returned from Italy and allowed those Jews who had been forced to be baptized to return to their own Faith. In Mainz he required theprince and the citizens to prevent similar horrors from happening. But his endeavors could not stop the terrors of the ensuing crusades.Soon it was because of the money that they could get from the Jews that people began to provide refuge for them. Even the Elector was competing for the right to receive Jews, this was something which the Golden Bulle had already allowed for. Between the late thirteen eighties and the mid fourteen hundreds the persecution, banishment, murder and forced baptisms of Jews took place all over Europe.The guilds and merchants remained closed to the Jews. The burdensome, disgraceful decrees enforced by law the diverse taxes (over 60 different taxes) were levied on them. In spite of the decree of Karl V, which was supposed to provide protection for the Jews throughout the German Empire, they were still driven out of Bayern in 1551, out of the Pfalz in 1555, out of the Mark in 1573, and out of Austria in 1670. Those Jews who were driven out of Austria found refuge in the Mark of Friedrich Wilhelm II in 1682, Preussen in 1730 and 1750, Bayern in 1732, Dresden in 1746 and 1772 and in Austria in 1755.In 1726 the Viennese court decreed that only the eldest son of a Jewish family might legally marry; the other sons were not entitled to produce legitimate offspring. In 1750, just four years before our ancestor's arrival in Pennsylvania, the Prussian monarch Frederick II ("Frederick the Great," r. 1740-86) issued a charter classifying Jews into several groups. Among the privileged classes defined by this charter, an unrestricted number of "extraordinary" Jews could not pass on their privileges to the next generation, while a much smaller number of "ordinary" Jews were allowed to bequeath their rank to only one male heir. No Jews were permitted to enter farming, brewing, innkeeping, and most professions; trade in local agricultural products was also forbidden. As for Jewish family life, the charter declared an overriding state interest:"In order that in the future all fraud, cheating and secret and forbidden increase of the number of families may be more carefully avoided, no Jew shall be allowed to marry, nor will he receive permission to settle in further numbers, nor will he be believed, until a careful investigation has been made by the War and Domains offices."The Paul Diamant Collection of CAJ has the Jewish Bauer family records. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists three biographies from Hungary and Austria (our family arrived in America 1754) dating to the 19th Century. See the Universal Jewish Encyclopedia article on Bauer-Landauer. The Jewish Bauer family is related to the Lehmann, Gershom, and Schwab families. Central Archives For The History of the Jewish People Sprinzak Building Hebrew University (Givat Ram Campus) P.O. Box 1149 Jerusalem, ISRAEL Further resources: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Leo Baeck Institute 1048 Fifth Ave 129 E. 73rd Street New York, NY 10028 New York, NY 10021 Yeshiva University Library American Jewish Historical Society Yeshiva University Brandeis University 500 W. 185th Street New York, NY 10033 A Dictionary of Jewish Names and Their History, Benzion Kaganoff, Schocken Books, New York: 1977. Tracing Your Jewish Roots, Malcom Stern. FREE FROM AMERICAN JEWISH ARCHIVES, HEBREW UNION COLLEGE, 3101 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45220.

GEDCOM Note

Christian Bauer was born about 1736 (tombstone plate) possibly in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. He (no age given, so all we know is that he was at least 16) arrived in Phila. with other passengers from the Palatinate, Darmstadt and Zweybrecht on board the ship Neptune, Capt. Waire, from Rotterdam via Cowes, England, and took the oaths Monday, 30 Sep 1754. 142 adult males, 260 freights, 400 souls, 4 Roman Catholics. Christian did not sign his own name, but just put a mark by what someone else wrote for him each time, hence his name was shown spelled both as BAUER and as BOWERS.Upon arrival in Philadelphia Christian Bauer proceeded to an area in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, called the "Forest" due to the dense timber the settlers found there; where he had received a land grant from Lord Fairfax. The land grant was located near Timberville, Rockingham County, Virginia.Generally speaking the Shenandoah Valley area was predominately populated with the "Scotch-Irish" and Germans. The Scotch-Irish seem to have congregated more in Augusta County and south, and the Germans from Rockingham County north. That, of course, is a generalization and you will find some of both settling in the entire region, but looking at the names of the early settlers to these areas would bear out this generalization. Much of the settlement came by way of Pennsylvania down through the "Great Valley", and this was the path of Christian Bowers, Sr.The DAR Patriot Index, Centennial Edition shows Christian Bowers as a soldier in Pennsylvania, with death date of 1816 in Virginia. As the death date coincides with the passing of our ancestor, we must conclude he was a veteran of the Revolution.On October 12,1790, Christian Bowers applied for the "door-keeper's place" to the Executive (Governor of Virginia at Richmond); as recorded in the Calendar of Virginia State Papers and Other Manuscripts from July 2, 1790 to August 10, 1792; volume V, page 215.Elizabeth died on 15 March 1815, at age 76 years, 2 months, and 18 days. She is buried in the cemetery at Solomons Church, located on the northease side of Road No. 727, between Road No. 42 and Road No. 716, some five miles slightly Southwest of Mt. Jackson and about seven miles northwest of New Market, and 1.75 miles northwestof Forestville. Her tombstone is hand incised on a fieldstone marker and written in German.Christian lies beside Elizabeth, as there were three fieldstone-marked graves, sans inscriptions, next to her. Recently a farmer's tractor auger was sunk into the ground there and a metal plate welded to it bearing Christian's and his son Phillip's names.The settlement of Christian's will took many years. The death of one daughter, as noted in his will, and the death of his son Ludwig/Lewis Bowers in 1814, before Christians death, must have caused the extension of the settlement because of all the minor grandchildren involved. The lengthy record, however, provides wonderful insight into descendants of Christian and Elizabeth Bauer.Others have written as follows:"It has not been definitely determined just which Christian Bauer several possibilities of a Christian Bauer, is actually the one who migrated from Maryland to present day Shenandoah County, VA (the area where he resided in VA was first Agusta then Dunmore county before adopting the current name of Shenandoah County in about 1776). Inconclusive research has led to the possibility that the Christian Bauer, age 17, who arrived at Philadelphia on 24 Sep 1737 on the vessel VIRTUOUS GRACE may be the correct arrival. This is particularly an interesting possibility because Maria Elizabeth Schindeldecker, his later bride was a passenger of the vessel ST. ANDREW GALLEY, together with her mother and father, Jacob & Maria Elizabeth (Schuessler) Schindeldecker, who arrived on 26 Sep 1737. It is also interesting that the name on the passenger list just before Johan Jacob Schindeldecker, is George Schissler. George & Anna Ottilia Schuessler are the parents of Jacob's wife. This vessel arrived in Philadelphia only two days after Christian Bauer's arrival. Since our subject was probably in Rotterdam at the same time as his future bride and her family as well as well as in Philadelphia together on arrival, the possibilities are intriguing."Assuming the correct Christian Bauer has been selected, it appears thathis traveling alone at the young age of 17, indicates he had friends or family already in America. This man apparently went to Lancaster County, probably to the area now known as York County, PA. There were other Bauers in the area at this time who he would have lived with while getting accustomed to this new land. After a period Christian began the migration into Maryland (actually only a relative short distance from York County, PA) as many others did enroute down the old wagon road to the area now named Shenandoah County, VA. That Christian lived a number of years in Fredericks County, I~Dis certain. One area of some confusion is that there were Bauers in Frederick County, MD as the same time, one being named Christian. The other Bauer people could very well be relatives as the Germanimmigrants of that period generally made moves with friends or relatives. As a result it is not certain that the Christian Bauer naturalized in York County, PA but a resident of Frederick County, ~IDwas actually the same Christian. There is a record of the naturalization of a Christian Bauer in the same time frame in ~ID. The PA naturalization is the most probable, however. Recent research disclosed that Christian & Elizabeth Bauer were the parents of a son, Agustin in Fredericks County, MD on 31 Mar 1774. It believed that Christian, Jr. was born in 1768 and it is established from the prized Bauer document provided by S. Parker Gay, that Johannes was born 29 Nov 1772. The list of Christian & Elizabeth (Schindeldecker) Bauer children, taken from the same document, gives the order of the children as Elizabeth, Ludwig, Christian, Catherine, Maria, Agustin, Margaretha, Philip, and Barbara. From the available evidence (the known dates and the fact that Ludwig was the oldest son), this list is chronological, so that Johannes would have been born after Maria. This would also means that Elizabeth was born in the 1763-5 time frame."The marriage of Christian and Elizabeth would have most likely occurred around 1760. This would be more consistent with the fact that Elizabeth was born 24 Jan 1734 and bore at least ten children. This earlier marriage date would reduce the possibility that Christian had a previous marriage. As a matter that might be of interest on your Welty research, while working on the Neas line some facts emerged that may have a bearing. Sara Welty who married Philip Bauer, son of Johannes & Maria Magdalena (Andes) was brought to Greene County, TN when a young girl by a Neas family. There is additional information about a Renner relationship. The Welty family in Shenandoah County, VA utilized both the Bauer and Neas as sponsors for christening of their children at the Old Pine Church. Johannes & Margaret Welty's Susanna, b. 27 Nov1789 was sponsored by Catherine Bauer d/o Christian & Elizabeth. Elizabeth, b. 6 Aug 1791 was sp. by Joh. & Eliz Nehs. The bother of Michael Meas was Jacob Neas b. 1738, died Shenandoah County, Va 6Apr 1823. His daughter, Elizabeth m. Johannes Renner in 1791."According to the booklet on Parrotville, Cocke County, Tn on the Renner family, John and Eliz (Neas) Renner arrived in TN in 1823. Elizabeth (Nehs) Renner's uncle Michael was already in Greene Co, TN, having arrived at about the same time as the Johannes Bauer family. Joseph Neas, a son of Jacob & Anna Maria Neas also arrived in Green County, TN in 1823. In the St. James Church records of Greene County, TN is the following record concerning the Weltys: Johannes Welty & wife were parents of Johannes b. 24 Mar 1830 sponsored by Johannes Renner & wife. William Renner (son of Johannes & Eliz. b. 30 Dec 1815) was parent of Sara b. 5(?) Jan 1837, sp; by Sara Welty. It seems that the Welty family was closely associated with the Bauer and Nehs family in Shenandoah County, VA. Sarah was associated with the Renner, Neas, Bauer, and Welty families in TN. In the old St. James Cemetery is a grave for Anna Maria Nehs born 1743, died 1823, which Anna Maria has been speculated to be an unmarried sister of Michael Nehs. This is close but probably not correct as this Anna Maria is more probable his sister-in-law, the widow of Jacob who died in Va in 1820."Our Family members years ago confirmed the Bauer family came to America from Germany by way of Holland. The Palatine was an areain southwest Germany which belonged to the Kingdom of Bayern (Bavaria), although it was not physically attached to it. In general usage, the term "Palatine" for certain German immigrants during the early to mid 1700's has come to mean not only those persons who actually resided in the Palatinate, but also has come to include persons from parts of Austria, Baden, Bavaria, Wuerttemberg, Hesse, Alsace, or Switzerland, and who travelled down the Rhine to embark at Rotterdam for America. Lancour's book lists numerous ships on which Palatines arrived at both New York and Philadelphia.Emigration before 1800 was typified by people from the same areas in Germany emigrating together in groups. The first mass immigration of Germanic people came in the first half of the 18th Century. It was at this time that the emigration from the Rhineland to Pennsylvania was at its peak. It was so great that, for a time, it appeared as if the entire Palatinate (the present Rheinland Pfalz or Rhineland Palatinate and part of Baden) might be depopulated. It did not slow down until the time of the French and Indian War. While it was war here that stopped the immigration, it was war andreligious persecution that was the original cause of the emigration. The Thirty Years War which ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia had left the Palatinate in a devastated condition, and thenin 1674 and 1675 the French invaded the area. Again from 1688 to 1697 the War of the Palatinate occurred, and the French General Melac laid waste to the whole area making it almost uninhabitable. In 1689 the cities of Mainz, Worms, Mannheim, Speyer, and Heidleberg were burned. People were driven from their homes in the dead of winter. Other places besides the Palatinate were hit. Wuerttemberg andAlsace also suffered. In addition, the people were taxed excessively, so that the German princes could emulate the French Court by building palaces and gardens. Religious persecutions were carried out by both the church and the government. From the mid 1500's on, the Catholic Church launched a Counter Reformation Movement. It began by putting more pressure on the nobility to control heretics within their kingdoms and estates. Because of this, many people were punished, imprisoned, tortured and often killed if they tried to go against the Catholic Church. After the Treaty of Westphalia the Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed Lutheran or Calvinist Churches were the only churches officially recognized by the existing kingdoms. Others, such as Jews, Huguenots, Mennonites and Anabaptists were still persecuted; and this was often done by the recognized Protestant churches as well as the Catholic Church. The religious persecutions took many forms. The Electors (rulers) of the Palatinate changed their religion four times in as many reigns. With each change the people were expected to follow the lead of their rulers. An extremely cold winter in 1709 brought much more suffering and was the final straw for many.When Mittie Bowers died in Brownwood Texas, I was told she had owned a Family Bible. Chris Bowers said he had seen the Bible and that it contained genealogical notes and a pen and ink rendition of the Bauer Coat of Arms. Lester Bowers, I'm sad to say, disposed of this Bible in a "garage sale" before I could reach it. Curiously, the older family members seemed to not know what was in the genealogy, or what the coat of arms looked like. All Chris could remember, was that there was a similar design repeated three times... perhaps three stars. Heraldry's origins go back to about the year 1100 CE. Possession of a coat of arms has traditionally identified the bearer as a bona fide member of the gentry, and often as an individual with significant civil rank. Coats of arms in Europe were not granted to all individuals with a specific surname, nor for that matter to all members of a particular family. Rather, arms were granted to one individual and became his personal identification, much like a signature. The armiger's descendents become eligible to rightfully bear the arms only when they individually meet certain specific requirements established by the office of arms in that particular heraldic jurisdiction.Identical coats of arms should never be borne by two or more individuals residing within the same armorial jurisdiction, but should be properly differenced so as to be readily distinguish-able. The notorious "Family Coat of Arms" for the name or clan of Jones, Smith or whatever, purchasable by mail-order or in one's local department store, represents no more than improper and illegitimate armorial bearings. To bear the arms of another individual is to publicly claim that individual as a direct ancestor.A probable Family Shield, or Coat of Arms, found listed was "Green Background, a pair of blue wings." This same Shield was found listed in Riestrap's Armory (French) as:Bauer - Frankfort am Main. De sinople au vol d'azur; au chef du meme, ch. de trois etoiles d'or.Vol means: "a pair of wings, joined. Sinople (verton English Arms) means green. Azur means blue. Or means gold. The Armory would translate:Bauer - from Frankfort am Main. On green, a pair of wings joined, blue; On blue chief (top portion of shield) three stars, gold. (Livery colors were Gold, Blue, and Green.)Mrs. Jenny Bauer Harris (202 Sawdust Road, Suite 109, The Woodlands 77380) who emigrated from Germany in 1961, states that this is also her family Coat of Arms. She states the more ancient form of the Arms (1400's) included a complete double headed eagle (adler), and that the "blue" was actually a turquoise or sky blue. This was the exact Bauer Coat of Arms that still hangs today in King Ludwig's Castle, Schloss Neuswanstein (Castle of the New Swan Stone) in Baveria on the Austrian border. This was the castle Walt Disney reproduced at Disneyland, and that Disney Productions uses as a logo.She has furnished a copy of the Coat of Arms of Winifried Bauer (A.D. 1692) who was knighted and later received the rank of Duke.Further, she states also that her family was forced to convert to Christianity from Judaism. It should benoted that the only way an Ashkenazic Jewish Bauer family could have a Coat of Arms like this... would have been through a forced conversion to Christianity in Germany.The first of the family line in Frankfurt was Yitzhak of Elkanon, who came to Frankfurt from Worms, Germany. He settled in Frankfurt on Judenstrasse (Jew Street), and a red shield hung from the front of hishome. His grandson Naftali Herz (who died in 1685) left the house with the Red Shield and moved to another house, "zur Hinter pfann" ("The Warming Pan"). These continued to use the surname "Bauer".Mayer Amschel Bauer's line remained in the house bearing the Red Shield. In later years Mayer Amschel changed his name to Rothschild. This name became synonamous with wealth, power and influence. He was the first of the Rothschilds - the first truly international banker!According to William guy Carr, in Pawns In The Game (Privately printed, 1956), and Secrets of the Federal Reserve, by Eustance Mullins (Bankers Research Inst., P.O. Box 1105, Staunton, VA, 24401) Mayer Amschel Bauer, who owned a goldsmith shop in Frankfurt -- adopted the name Rothschild (Red Shield) in 1773 -- nineteen years after Christian Bauer arrived in Pennsylvania.Mayer Amschel Bauer was born in Frankfurt-On-The-Main in Germany in 1743. He was the son of Moses Amschel Bauer an itinerant money lender and goldsmith who, tiring of his wanderings in Eastern Europe, decided to settle down in the city where his first son was born. He opened a shop, or counting house, on Judenstrasse. Over the door leading into the shop hung the large Red Shield. (The House of Rothschild", 1798-1848, N. Ferguson, Penguin Books, 1999.)The well-known author Irving Wallace has a son named David Wallechinsky. Together, the two of them have coauthored The People's Almanac and The People's Almanac #2. Why do father and son have different yet similar last names? As the "About the Authors" page in The People's Almanac #2 says, "David Wallechinsky was born in Hollywood, California, in 1948. In 1972 he adopted the original family name of his grandfather, whose name had been changed to 'Wallace' by an immigration agent at Ellis Island."Some name-changes are terrific! Names were changed as readily as clothes. From Yacov (Hebrew) or Yankel (Yiddish) to Jacob and finally to Jack.From Hyman to Howard, Leybel to Lester or Leon, Berel (or "Burl") to Barnett or Barry, Chai-Sura to Sarah, Breina to Beatrice, Simcha to Seymour, Chatzkel to Haskell, Meyer to Max, Moishe to Mossir, Aaron to Allen.One thing is certain, there should be "feeling" in names. A person should have an idea why hewas given the first name he carries. Some have said "It seems to me that my name was given by my parents with no particular feeling, other than they 'liked it' (why did they like it?). It's as thoughmy parents had seen it in a window shop, walked inside, and bought it. It has nothing traditional about it, no memory, no history, not even an anecdote, scarcely a whim -- it was simply a passing fancy." A family name, a saint's name, a hero's name, a poetic name, a symbolic name, all these are good: they have grown naturally, not been bought ready-made. One should be named after somebody or something. Else a name is really only empty breath.Most Jews have two names: a secular name and a religious name. The secular name is in the language of the country where the person resides, and the religious name is Hebrew.Many immigrants had three names: a Hebrew name, an English name, and a Yiddish name. This is because they had two names in Europe (the Yiddish was their secular name), and they adopted an additional secular name on arrival in America. An example might be: Julius (English), Yudl (Yiddish), and Yehudah Yaakov (Hebrew-religious).Now the seventh generation of our family in this country has taken back the family name of the first generation here.Researchers have difficulty in tracing family lines of Jews in the 16th Century Germany, as Jews did not bear official family names. They were in principle, known only by their father's name. Obviously, in a ghetto aspopulous as the one in Frankfurt, which contained some five hundred families all inextricably related to one another, such an imprecise system of denomination could only foster confusion. In the Seventeenth Century, therefore, patronyms began to appear signifying a place of birth, a city of origin, a profession, or membership in a family of rabbis. Occasionally a name would have only a fleeting life, which may be seen on tombstones engraved with one name for the father and another for the son. The place of residence -- or rather the signboard attached to a house, since numbering did not existin the ghetto -- provided the most stable patronyms. Thus the name Rothschild originated in a red signboard -- Rot Schild -- identifying a house the family occupied.The Rothschilds constituted a sizable group in Eighteenth Century Frankfurt. A good twenty of them have been identified in the generation of Mayer Amschel's parents, all engaged in buying, selling, speculating,or otherwise dealing in money, since, as Jews, they had no right to practice any other trade. Thus the parents of Mayer Amschel, like so many others, ran a tiny foreign-exchange business, a type of commerce essential to Eighteenth-Century Germany.The Rothschilds are descended from Rabbi Isaac, Son of Elchanan (Rabbi Yitzhak Elchanan) "zum Hahn" (at the sign of the Cock), who came to Frankfurt, Germany in 1530 with his wife, Fogele Worms. Yitzhak, in 1567, moved into a house at the south end of Judengasse in Frankfurt. The house was identified by a red shield. (Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, 1948, art. Rothschild. (Baron James, the Rise of The French Rothschilds, Anka Muhlstein, The Vendome Press, New York).Today, Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary encompasses 15 educational entities including the Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik Center for Rabbinic Studies, semikhah programs, kollelim (study groups), a school of Jewish music, a high school system, and more than 20 outreach and service organizations. It also serves as a beacon for the Jewish Day School movement in North America contributing to the growth of Jewish all day education onthis continent. RIETS is one of 16 undergraduate, graduate and professional schools and affiliates comprising Yeshiva University in New York, America's oldest and largest university under Jewish auspices, now (1998) in its 112th year.The Jewish People had found their way into Germany from Italy and France. They settled in the southern and central areas first. In the fourthcentury they were in Koln, the eighth century in Mainz, in Magdeburg, Meresburg and Regensburg by the tenth century and in Worms, Trier, and Speier in the eleventh century. It was not until the thirteenth century that they were found in northern Germany. Very little is known of their history in Germany prior to the Crusades. During this early time period they appear to have been accepted by clergy and governmental officials and not to have been deprived of any of their rights. After the Crusades the German Kaiser brought the Jews under his protection. Out of this protection developed the so called Kammerknechtschaft, (Jews became dependent on or controlled by the Chamber). To receive protection from the Chamber they had to pay the protection tax. This began in the fifteenth century for all of Germany. The kaiser also gave this taxing power over the Jews to municipal and ecclesiastical authorities. With time the Kammerknechtschaft became controlled by sovereign and municipal authorities which restricted the freedom of the Jews to live, travel or study where they liked. The protection tax was not uniform and in addition they became subjected to other taxes on local levels as well asfinancial burdens in the form of finan-cial notes of the Kaiser. During this uncertain time period of the Middle Ages the Jews could obtain from their Schutz herrn (lord protector) special protectionwhen they traveled by paying a Geleitszoll (escort tax). By the eighteenth century this became known as the Leibzoll (bodily tax) which continued into the Nineteenth Century. Citizenship in the cities was also not permitted for the Jews. They were not allowed to hold any civil office or to approach any civil authorities. They were also excluded from mercantiles and guilds which had been allowed them in world trade before the crusades.In religious and social relationships the Jews were also restricted. They had to live in specific quarters of the city called ghettos, allegedly for their own protection; but in reality it made it easier for people to persecute them. They were mocked and reviled in pictures, words and acts by the people. Sometimes they were only given the choice between death or baptism. They were harassed with people proselyting them. They were not allowed to appear in public places during holy weeks. The people tried to prevent them from participating in any community association in which Christians were a part of. Their doctors were not allowed to have Christian patients. Once in a while a Jew was selected to be a tax collector or a treasuryofficial if they were particularly gifted.The crusaders plundered, baptized or murdered the Jews for the glory of G-d; and destroyed the Jewish communities of Speier, Worms, Mainz, Koln, Trier and Regensburg and other cities. After this, Jews began appearing in many areas and things were quiet until the second crusades. In 1103 Kaiser Heinrich IV returned from Italy and allowed those Jews who had been forced to be baptized to return to their own Faith. In Mainz he required the prince and the citizens to prevent similar horrors from happening. But his endeavors could not stop the terrors of the ensuing crusades.Soon it was because of the money that they could get from the Jews that people began to provide refuge for them. Even the Elector wascompeting for the right to receive Jews, this was something which the Golden Bulle had already allowed for. Between the late thirteen eighties and the mid fourteen hundreds the persecution, banishment, murder and forced baptisms of Jews took place all over Europe.The guilds and merchants remained closed to the Jews. The burdensome, disgraceful decrees enforced by law the diverse taxes (over 60 different taxes) were levied on them. In spite of the decree of Karl V, which was supposed to provide protection for the Jews throughout the German Empire, they were still drivenout of Bayern in 1551, out of the Pfalz in 1555, out of the Mark in 1573, and out of Austria in 1670. Those Jews who were driven out of Austria found refuge in the Mark of Friedrich Wilhelm II in 1682, Preussen in 1730 and 1750, Bayern in 1732, Dresden in 1746 and 1772 and in Austria in 1755.In 1726 the Viennese court decreed that only the eldest son of a Jewish family might legally marry; the other sons were not entitled to produce legitimate offspring. In 1750, just four years before our ancestor's arrival in Pennsylvania, the Prussian monarch Frederick II ("Frederick the Great," r. 1740-86) issued a charter classifying Jews into several groups. Among the privileged classes defined by this charter, an unrestricted number of "extraordinary" Jews could not pass on their privileges to the next generation, while a much smaller number of "ordinary" Jews were allowed to bequeath their rank to only one male heir. No Jews were permitted to enter farming, brewing, innkeeping, and most professions; trade in local agricultural products was also forbidden. As for Jewish family life, the charter declared an overriding state interest:"In order that in the future all fraud, cheating and secret and forbidden increase of the number of families may be more carefully avoided, no Jew shall be allowed to marry, nor will he receive permission to settle in further numbers, nor will he be believed, until a careful investigation has been made by the War and Domains offices."The Paul Diamant Collection of CAJ has the Jewish Bauer family records. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists three biographies from Hungary and Austria (our family arrived in America 1754) dating to the 19th Century. See the Universal Jewish Encyclopedia article on Bauer-Landauer. The Jewish Bauer family is related to the Lehmann, Gershom, and Schwab families. Central Archives For The History of the Jewish People Sprinzak Building Hebrew University (Givat Ram Campus) P.O. Box 1149 Jerusalem, ISRAEL Further resources: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Leo Baeck Institute 1048 Fifth Ave 129 E. 73rd Street New York, NY 10028 New York, NY 10021 Yeshiva University Library American Jewish Historical Society Yeshiva University Brandeis University 500 W. 185th Street New York, NY 10033 A Dictionary of JewishNames and Their History, Benzion Kaganoff, Schocken Books, New York: 1977. Tracing Your Jewish Roots, Malcom Stern. FREE FROM AMERICAN JEWISH ARCHIVES, HEBREW UNION COLLEGE, 3101 CliftonAve., Cincinnati, Ohio 45220.

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Christian Philipp Bauer, Sr's Timeline

1720	1720	Birth of Christian Philipp Bauer, Sr Herzogtum Bayern, Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation
1737	September 24, 1737 Age 17	emigrated On the ship Virtuous Grace mastered by Joh... Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
1754	September 30, 1754 Age 34	immigrated on 9/30/1754 Page, Virginia, United States
1766	October 22, 1766	Birth of Ludwig Bauer Rockingham, Virginia, USA
1767	November 21, 1767	Birth of Ludwig Lewis Bauer / Bowers Rockinghaam, Shenandoah, Virginia, USA
	1767	Birth of Catherine Bowers Shenandoah Co. Virginia, USA
	1767	Birth of Catharine Margareth Bauer
1768	January 15, 1768	Birth of Elizabeth Bowers Shenandoah County, Virginia
1769	1769	Birth of Christian Bauer, Jr. Shenandoah, Virginia, USA

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