Francisco Javier de Céspedes y del Castillo, Presidente de Cuba

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_C%C3%A9spedes

Francisco Javier de Jesus de Céspedes and Lopez from the Castle , ( 3 of December of 1821 , Bayamo , Cuba - 27 of July of 1903 , Niquero , Cuba ), brother of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes , participated in the preparations for the War of the Ten Years . In the pictures of the Liberation Army he appeared from the initial moments. He reached the rank of Major General.

Origins and early years

Francisco Javier de Jesús de Céspedes y López del Castillo was born on December 3 , 1821 , 1 in the city of Bayamo , Cuba . Son of Jesús María Céspedes y Luque, also born in Oriente and Francisca de Borja López del Castillo y Ramírez de Aguilar, born in Puerto Príncipe, current city of Camagüey . His brothers were Pedro , Carlos Manuel and Francisca de Borja "Borjita" and Ladislao or Manuel Hilario is mentioned as the possible brother lost in time.

He married his first cousin María Trinidad de Céspedes y del Castillo, with whom he had a son, named Ricardo Rogelio. As a result of an extramarital relationship with María de la Caridad, Yero had Ismael de Céspedes , who was born in February 1842 . In 1857 he bought the farm "La Demajagua", which years later he would sell to his brother Carlos Manuel and in which the Grito de Yara would take place , on October 10 , 1868 .

Involved in independence conspiracies since 1848 , Francisco Javier became a Freemason , as did his brothers, and they soon became involved in the numerous independence conspiracies that swarmed in the 1860s in Cuba . After the overthrow of Isabel II in Spain , in September 1868 , the perfect opportunity presented itself to start the fight for Cuban independence .

Ten Years' War

Finally, on October of October of 1868 , after many conspiracies, the true Grito de Yara , the outbreak of the War of Ten Years (1868-1878), the first war of independence of Cuba .

Francisco Javier was with his brother Carlos Manuel de Céspedes , the main leader of the "La Demajagua" uprising. Later, he was appointed Major General of the Mambí Army .

His brother Carlos Manuel de Céspedes was elected President of the Republic of Cuba in Arms , in April 1869 , during the Assembly of Guáimaro . However, the product of various political intrigues, he was deposed on October 28 , 1873 . He would die in combat months later, on February 27 , 1874 .

These events provoked a strong discontent in the Cuban mambises grass faction, which led to the Sedition of Lagunas de Varona , in the spring of 1875 . This sedition was firmly supported by the Céspedes family, headed by Francisco Javier himself.

The successor president of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes , Salvador Cisneros Betancourt , resigned his position, due to this sedition, and was replaced by Juan Bautista Spotorno , who in turn gave way to the presidency to Tomás Estrada Plama in 1876 .

The 15 of April of 1877 , two House of Representatives Francisco Javier elected as Vice President following the death in exile of the former vice president, Francisco Vicente Aguilera . A being captured Estrada Palma by enemy troops, de Céspedes, in his capacity as vice president, assumed the interim head 3 of the State.

Céspedes did not aspire to extend his interim, which was from October 19 to December 13 , 1877 . 4 He encouraged the House of Representatives to meet and elect as new president, also Major General Vicente García González . However, most of the war ended a few months later, on February 10 , 1878 , with the Pact of Zanjón .

Francisco Javier strongly rejected the Zanjón Pact and praised the Baraguá Protest led by Major General Antonio Maceo on March 15 , 1878 . Francisco Javier capitulated in May of that year in the city of Holguín , returning to the city of Manzanillo .

Last years and death

He morally supported the Necessary War (1895-1898), the third war for Cuban independence , although he could not join it due to his old age. He was the only one of the Céspedes brothers who could see the end of the Spanish government over Cuba .

Francisco Javier de Jesús de Céspedes died of natural causes on July 27 , 1903 , in the town of Niquero , Cuba . He was 81 years old when he died.