Herbert Max Finlay Freundlich

Freundlich's mother Ellen Elizabeth Finlayson was Scottish, his father Friedrich Philipp Ernst friendly initiated an iron foundry in Wiesbaden, where he grew up. Freundlich was the eldest child of seven siblings. His brother Erwin Finlay Freundlich (1885-1964) was an astrophysicist and director of the Einstein Tower in Potsdam. The mother came from a family of musicians and encouraged Herbert Freundlich, playing music and composing. He also was interested in the wildlife and butterflies as well as for Greek literature. After graduation in 1898 his piano playing almost reached maturity concert. He was able to study piano and composition with Max Reger and also played the organ. Friendly composer at that time mainly chamber music and songs. Initially played friendly with the idea of becoming a pianist. However, after a meeting with the music teacher Josef Gabriel Rheinberger he decided to studying science, since Rheinberger by a pianist daily eight-hour practice and a lot of traveling and expected of a composer the quality of Brahms'. [1]

First he went to Munich in 1898 for a year, then he became a student of the renowned chemist Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig. He habilitated in 1906 in physical and inorganic chemistry. In 1911 he became a professor at the Technical University of Braunschweig. Fritz Haber was aware of the talent of the young scientist and offered him 1916, a staff position at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem on, now the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society. In 1919 he was deputy director of the Institute. From 1923 he also taught as an adjunct professor at the University of Berlin and since 1925 also at the Technical University. He was also Vorstandsrat in the German Colloid Society. In 1932 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina.

The transfer of power in 1933, the Nazis began Freundlich successful research in Germany to an end. Because of the Jewish origins of his paternal grandmother viewed him as a "non-Aryans" and fell under § 3 of the "Professional Civil Service Law". As Fritz Haber he refused to dismiss his non-Aryan people, both lay their offices and emigrated to England. In December 1933, he his teaching license was revoked. The end of 1933 he accepted the offer of a Visiting Professor at University College London.

The British and Americans had set up specifically for scientists with disbarment an agency in the link road at Potsdamer Platz. [2] Friendly emigrated with his entire Institute Department to England. The shipment of equipment that had been purchased with funds from the Rockefeller Foundation, was not stopped by the Interim Director Otto Hahn. [3] The Rockefeller Foundation retaliated for 1937 to finance investment in another physical institute. [4] The commitment the oil industry in colloid chemistry is not a coincidence, since the viscosity of crude oil, bitumen, tar, etc. is one of the main problems in oil production. The KWI for Physical Chemistry was converted into a military research institute for research on poison gas for the umpteenth time by Freundlich emigration.

To stop the exodus of their best researchers, the German industry sends Privy Max Planck prior to Hitler. The explosive stupidity of his answer already took the soon destruction following first: "Yes, what is it because even if Germany for a generation has no time leading physicists. I have received greater things at heart, Lord Privy me is the German racial purity at heart! "[2]

In 1938, friendly to a professorship at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis American. He died there in 1941 as an uprooted and broken man.

In his honor, the German Rheological Society devoted their 4th Conference 1954 in Berlin as Herbert Freundlich memory Congress, where a Herbert-friendly Medal to Dr. George Blair was awarded.

Research [Edit] Freundlich area of research covered the whole area of the colloids, particularly interested him the colloidal dispersion states of sols and gels. He introduced the term thixotropy within the meaning of thickening to describe the behavior of gels. The deflection of light scattered by particles was a research topic and the electrical charge, which he considered to be relevant to the scattering behavior of the particles. Furthermore, he explored the properties of viscosity and elasticity and the behavior of certain substances such as concrete under the action of mechanical forces. One result of these studies was the development of non-drip colors.

Co-workers [Edit] Two of his doctoral made in other ways away from the colloid chemistry talked about:

Robert Havemann and Friedrich Rogowski. KPD member Havemann became politically active after 1933, the resistance group "New Beginning" and was in the GDR to a highly regarded colloid chemist. Later he made headlines with intra-party criticism and eventually was banned. On the other hand Rogowski went through a discreet, traditional science career. But shortly before his retirement, he discovered a trigonometric survey system from ancient Greece. [5]

Another graduate student was Masius Morton, who later translated the Planck's Lectures on the theory of heat radiation into English. He was a professor of physics at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (USA).