Jacques of Savoy, 2nd duke of Nemours

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacques-de-Savoie-duc-de-Nemours (born Oct. 12, 1531, Vauluisant, Champagne, Fr.—died June 15, 1585, Annecy)

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques,_Duke_of_Nemours

He distinguished himself at the sieges of Lens and Metz (1552–1553), at the battle of Renty (1554) and in the campaign of Piedmont (1555).

He was a supporter of the house of Guise, and had to retire for some time into Savoy in consequence of a plot. On his return to France he fought the Huguenots, and signalized himself by his successes in Dauphiné and Lyonnais. In 1567 he induced the court to return from Meaux to Paris, took part in the battle of Saint Denis, protested against the peace of Longjumeau, and repulsed the invasion of Wolfgang, count palatine of Zweibrücken. He devoted his last years to letters and art, and died at Annecy.

He was married to Anne d'Este, daughter of Duke Ercole II of Ferrara and Renée of France, and widow of Francis, Duke of Guise. He was succeeded as Duke of Nemours by his son, Charles Emmanuel de Savoie, 3rd Duc de Nemours.

A fictionalized version of the 2nd Duke of Nemours serves as the love interest in the early novel La Princesse de Clèves, which takes place at the court of Henry II of France.

[edit] References

   * This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Preceded by

Philippe de Savoie Duke of Nemours

1533–1585

Armoiries Savoie-Nemours.svg Succeeded by

Charles Emmanuel de Savoie

1. This page was last modified on 6 April 2010 at 04:50.

   ---

Philip Of Savoy, duke of Nemours (1490-1533)

In 1528 Francis gave him the duchy of Nemours and married him to Charlotte of OrleansLongueville. He died on the 25th of November 1533 His son, James (1531-1585), became duke of Nemours in 1 533. He distinguished himself at the sieges of Lens and Metz (1552-1553), at the battle of Renty (1554) and in the campaign of Piedmont (1555). He was a supporter of the Guises, and had to retire for some time into Savoy in consequence of a plot. On his return to France he fought the Huguenots, and signalized himself by his successes in Dauphine and Lyonnais. In 1567 he induced the court to return from Meaux to Paris, took part in the battle of Saint Denis, protested against the peace of Longjumeau, and repulsed the invasion of Wolfgang, count palatine of Zweibriicken. He devoted his last years to letters and art, and died at Annecy on the 15th of June 1585.

By his wife Anne of Este, the widow of Francis, duke of Guise, the duke left a SOD, Charles Emmanuel (1567-1595), who in his youth was called prince of Genevois. Involved in political intrigues by his relationship with the Guises, he was imprisoned after the assassination of Henry, duke of Guise, and his, brother the cardinal of Lorraine, in 588, but contrived to escape. He fought at Ivry and Argues, and was governor of Paris when it was besieged by Henry IV. After quarrelling with his half-brother Charles of Lorraine, duke of Mayenne, he withdrew to his government of Lyonnais, where he endeavoured to make himself independent. He was imprisoned, however, in the château of Pierre-Encise by the archbishop of Lyons. After his escape he attacked Lyons, but was defeated owing to the intervention of the constable de Montmorency. He died at Annecy in July 1595.

His brother Henry (1572-1632), called originally marquis de Saint-Sorlin, succeeded him as duke.

Jacques of Savoy, 2nd Duke of Nemours

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jacques of Savoy, 2nd Duke of Nemours (October 12, 1531 – June 15, 1585) became Duke of Nemours in 1533.

He distinguished himself at the sieges of Lens and Metz (1552–1553), at the battle of Renty (1554) and in the campaign of Piedmont (1555).

He was a supporter of the house of Guise, and had to retire for some time into Savoy in consequence of a plot. On his return to France he fought the Huguenots, and signalized himself by his successes in Dauphiné and Lyonnais. In 1567 he induced the court to return from Meaux to Paris, took part in the battle of Saint Denis, protested against the peace of Longjumeau, and repulsed the invasion of Wolfgang, count palatine of Zweibrücken. He devoted his last years to letters and art, and died at Annecy.

He was married to Anne d'Este, daughter of Duke Ercole II of Ferrara and Renée of France, and widow of Francis, Duke of Guise. He was succeeded as Duke of Nemours by his son, Charles Emmanuel de Savoie, 3rd Duc de Nemours.

A fictionalized version of the 2nd Duke of Nemours serves as the love interest in the early novel La Princesse de Clèves, which takes place at the court of Henry II of France.

[edit]References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh E

Here are excerpts about Jacques de Savoie, Duc de Nemours from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia online. FRENCH VERSION, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Savoie-Nemours TRANSLATION FRENCH-ENGLISH BY GOOGLE TRANSLATE, WWW.TRANSLATE.GOOGLE.COM. I found no description of the relationship between him and his son, Robert Lavoie, in Genie.com. Anyone who know please send me a message: Marie Annette Gisele Ouellet [Trudel-Brajevic (Ouellet)]. Thank you.

Jacques, Duke of Nemours , born in Vauluisant theOctober 12 1531, Died at Annecy on18 juin 1585Was a prince of the House of Savoy and a major protagonist in the court of France .

During the Italian wars and religious wars he fought in the royal army. Renowned for its charm and elegance, he was involved in several gallant stories. He finally married in 1566 1 , Anna d'Este , worldly widow of Duke Francis of Guise .

Summary [ Hide ] 1 Biographie 2 lineage 3 Literature 4 References 5 Bibliography Biography [ edit | modify the code ] He was the son of Philip of Savoy-Nemours , heir to the Count of Geneva and Duke of Nemours, and Charlotte d'Orleans-Longueville , daughter of Louis I st of Orleans-Longueville , the Duke of Longueville . So it was the grand-son of the Duke Philip II of Savoy as well as the king François I st of France 's cousin. He was heir to the Count of Geneva , elevated to Duke in 1564 1 and Duke of Nemours from 1533 to 1585.

He pointed to the seat Lens in 1552, in defense of Metz against Charles V in 1553, then served in Flanders and Italy to the truce of Vaucelles (February 5 1556). He was made colonel-general of the light cavalry and continued to distinguish himself during the wars of religion against the Protestants . He commanded the Swiss who brought him back to Paris Charles IX , the Calvinists had wanted to remove Montceau-les-Meaux . In 1558, during the siege of Thionville he command as Colonel Light Cavalry.

In 1559, he was the ambassador of the Duke Emanuele Filiberto during his marriage to Marguerite de Valois , daughter of François I st of France and Claude of France , which took place in Paris onJuly 10 1559. He was knighted in the Order of Saint Michael theDecember 7, 1561.

He becomes the 11 th Governor of Lyon with the Auvergne the Bourbonnais and the On the 27 December 1562 registered 4 July 1564 2 . In 1562 - 1563 , in the Dauphiné in lieu of Antoine de Bourbon-Vendôme 3 , it fails to Lyon held by John V of Parthenay on behalf of the party Huguenot . The edict of pacification of 19 March 1563 reconciled for a time both parties.

After taking part in the Battle of Saint-Denis in 1567 , he was charged with opposing the troops entered the Duke of Deux-Ponts sent to the vanquished. He failed in this expedition by the fault of the Duke of Aumale , his rival, and retired to his Duchy of Geneva , where he devoted himself to the cultivation of literature and the arts. Geneva County was erected in duchy in 1564 .

Seducer known for its charm and gallantry, Nemours was in the summer 1559 a serious contender of Queen Elizabeth of England . The wedding was held that the court of France, but the customary reticence of the queen and the war in Scotland left the alliance project without following 4 .

He was also busy with several years of trial that made him a highborn lady, Françoise de Rohan , he had impregnated and which he had made a promise of marriage. Nemours finally married in 1566 the widow of the Duke of Guise, Anna d'Este , granddaughter of King Louis XII . The Queen of Navarre Joan of Albret , parent Rohan, who unsuccessfully tried to prevent the marriage. The trial that resulted poisoned the life of Nemours and entertains the court during all the wars of religion. It ended in Henry III with a solution, due to the mathematician Francois Vieta , and which satisfied all parties.

Lineage [ change | modify the code ] He married in Saint-Maur-des-Fosses the 29 April 1566 Anna d'Este (1531 † 1607), widow of François I er , Duke of Guise and daughter of Ercole II d'Este (1508 † 1559), Duke of Ferrara and Renée of France , and had:

Charles Emmanuel (1567 † 1595), Duke of Nemours, without covenant Margaret Mary (1569 † 1572) Henry I st (1572 † 1632), Duke of Nemours, married in 1618 Anna of Lorraine, Duchess of Aumale (1600-1638) Emmanuel Philibert Literature [ edit | modify the code ] It is also the model of the hero "Monsieur de Nemours," described in the novel of M me de Lafayette (1634-1693) Princess of Cleves : " This prince was a masterpiece of nature; he had less admirable, it was to be the man of the world is better and more beautiful. That put him above the others was incomparable value, and approval in his mind, in his face and in his actions that we never saw him alone; he had a playfulness that also appealed to men and women, an extraordinary address in all his exercises, a way of dressing that was always followed by everyone, and can not be imitated, and finally a tune in his entire person was that we could only look at him in all the places where he appeared. "

References [ change | modify the code ] ↑ a and b Christian Regat - François Aubert, Castles in Haute-Savoie - Chablais, Faucigny, Genevois , Cabédita 1994 ( ISBN 9782882951175 ) , p. 17 . ↑ Jean Duquesne, Dictionary of Provincial Governors Editions Christian, Paris, 2002, ( ISBN 2864960990 ) p. 155 . ↑ historical essay on the city and Die Church , Canon Jules Chevalier, T. III, 1909, p.167 ↑ To allow him to visit the Queen, King Henry II had been appointed ambassador extraordinary. After the death of the king, Nemours continued to prepare his trip to London (July-September 1559). It was unanswered. Francophobia of the English Court and the pressure of the Queen of advisers to persuade him to drive the French from Scotland there were no strangers. Alphonse de Ruble, The Treaty of Le Cateau (2 and 3 April 1559) , Paris, Editions Labitte & Emile Paul, 1889, p. 131-134. References [ change | modify the code ] Authority recordsView and modify data on Wikidata : Virtual International Authority File • International Standard Name Identifier • National Library of France ( data ) • University documentation system Max Bruchet, "biographical study on Jacques of Savoy, Duke of Nemours-Genevese followed his instruction and discourse on the deed of the government in 1582" [ archive ] , Savoy Magazine , 1898, p. 103-130 [ archive ] and 178-205 [ archive ] . Laurent Perrillat, "Savoy in the heart of Europe from the XVI th century, according to a letter from Jacques of Savoy, Duke of Nemours and Genevois" [ archive ] , The Savoy in Europe , Proceedings of the XXXVIII th Congress learned societies of Savoy (Moutiers, 9 and 10 September 2000), 2002. Matthew A. Vester, Jacques, Duke of Nemours. The Prerogative of Geneva in the heart of Savoy dynastic power in the sixteenth century , Geneva, Droz, collection "Notebooks of Humanism and Renaissance", 2008, 360 p.

What is the title for this person please? Does anyone have a reference/source/bibliography for the relationship between Robert Lavoie, Anna d'Este Duchesse de Guise, 1531-1607, her husband who was Francois de Lorraine and 2nd Duke of Guise, 1519-1563, Renee d'Anjou-Mezieres, 1550-circa 1586-1594, and her husband, Francois de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier, 1542-1592, please? I found no reference in the Wikipedia in English, French, nor Italian, the free encyclopedia online, www.wikipedia.org. Here is are excerpts of encyclopedia articles about Francois de Montpensier and about Renee d'Anjou-Mezieres with the references from archival records that demonstrates that they had an only child Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, 1573-1608, who married Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse, 1585-1656; an article about their only child, a daughter, Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, 1605-1627, who married Gaston of France, known also as Gaston of Orleans, their only child, a daughter, Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orleans, La Grande Demoiselle,1627-1693, without posterity. Here are the articles:

ANNA D'ESTE, DUCHESSE DE GUISE SOURCE: "ANNA D'ESTE", Wikepedia, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_d%27Este TRANSLATION: French-English, GOOGLE TRANSLATE, www.translate.google.com

Anne d'Este Anne d'Este Anna dEste Versailles.jpg Portrait of Anna d'Este, unknown artist, second half of the xvi th century, oil on wood, 32 × 23 cm . Versailles Castle Museum, MV 3212 inventory.

Biography Birth 16 novembre 1531View and modify data on Wikidata FerraraView and modify data on Wikidata Death Mai 17 1607View and modify data on Wikidata(75 years) ParisView and modify data on Wikidata Activity AristocratView and modify data on Wikidata Family Villa d'EsteView and modify data on Wikidata Father Hercules II d'EsteView and modify data on Wikidata Mother Renée de FranceView and modify data on Wikidata sibling Eleonora d'Este ( in ) Alfonso II d'Este Lucretia d'Este ( in ) Luigi d'EsteView and modify data on Wikidata spouses Francis of Lorraine Jacques, Duke of NemoursView and modify data on Wikidata children Henry I of Lorraine Charles of Lorraine Louis Lorraine Catherine of Lorraine Charles Emmanuel of Savoy Henri I, Duke of NemoursView and modify data on Wikidata Other information Religion CatholicismView and modify data on Wikidata change - change the code - change WikidataDocumentation Model

Portrait of Anna d'Este by Leonard Limosin, 1570, enamel painted on copper, 31 × 24 cm . London, British Museum, Waddesdon Bequest, WB $.

Portrait of Anna d'Este, unknown artist, second half of the xvi th century, drawing, 34.6 × 22.2 cm . Fécamp Museum of Arts and Children, inventory FEC 17. Anna d'Este , also known under the name of Anna d'Este , born16 novembre 1531to Ferrara , and died onMai 17 1607 in Paris, is a French-Italian princess.

She was the eldest daughter of Ercole II d'Este , Duke of Ferrara (son of Lucrezia Borgia ), and Princess Renée of France (daughter of King Louis XII and Anne of Brittany ). Duchess of Aumale , then of Guise , by his first marriage, she was an important figure in the court of France during the Wars of Religion . She continued including in court the Admiral de Coligny , she considered responsible for the murder of her first husband. And after the assassination of his two son by King Henry III , it actively supported the League .

Summary [ Hide ] 1 Vie 1.1 Duchess of Guise 1.2 Duchesse de Nemours 1.3 Princess League 2 Importance 3 Genealogy 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 Sources 7 External Links Life [ edit | modify the code ] Duchess of Guise [ change | modify the code ] Anna d'Este spent his childhood in Ferrara where she received an excellent education. In 1548, after long and difficult negotiations, she was married to Francis of Lorraine , Duke of Aumale, son of Claude de Lorraine and the Duke of Guise; Military illustrious hero savior of France with her father image. The marriage contract was signed on September 28 in Ferrara, and the marriage took place on 16 December at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye . The princess never returned to Italy.

Through his mother, Anna d'Este was the granddaughter of Louis XII and thus cousin of Henry II and his son. Her marriage brought her to the powerful family of Guise, and Italian from the linked in a special way to Catherine de Medici .

Upon arrival, the girl of 17 years therefore enjoys a leading position in court. Became Duchess of Guise after the death of his stepfather in 1550, Anna d'Este became the director with his stepmother Antoinette de Bourbon , the Guise of heritage. At the same time, the princess played the role of intermediary between the court of Ferrara and that of France, where she interceded for his father's business. From her first marriage she had seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood. Francis of Lorraine was very in love with his wife and terribly jealous, made her follow. She helped her mother Renée de Francewho supported the Protestants between Ferrara and France. Francis of Lorraine intercepted their correspondence and prohibits his wife any contact with his mother. She deeply loved her husband and forgave him the massacre of Wassy , where she intervened to stop the execution of women when he killed sixty assistant Protestants worship in a barn. In February 1563, her husband Francis of Lorraine was assassinated. Anna d'Este was inconsolable. The assassin Poltrot John de Mere was seized and condemned to be quartered. Anna d'Este tried by all means to legally pursue Gaspard de Coligny, leader of the Huguenots, she held responsible for the attack. For three years, the widow urged the king and his judges do him justice, but in January 1566 the Board of the king declared innocent of murder and ordered Coligny "perpetual silence" in this case. Many were those who saw the vengeance of the widow of the Duke of Guise in the shot that missed the chest of Coligny by a miracle, the morning of August 22, 1572, and was the starting signal for the massacres of St. Bartholomew . However, it is unclear what exact role played Anna d'Este in this case and more broadly in the massacre of St. Bartholomew.

Duchesse de Nemours [ change | modify the code ] On May 5, 1566, in Saint-Maur-des-Fosses , Anna d'Este remarried with Jacques of Savoy , Duke of Nemours and Genevois. It was said at the court that despite the years, it was still beautiful and had preserved his youth. Jacques Savoie had been in love with her a long time ago and had sustained in the death of her husband. From that date, she spent most of her time in Annecy , or travel between Geneva and the court of France.

After the death of her second husband, in 1585, the princess lived mainly in Paris, said his hotel Nemours hotel, located on the left bank of the Seine, in the present street Séguier.

Princess League [ edit | modify the code ] With the founding of the Catholic League, in which his son played a leading role, its political importance increased considerably. In December 1588 Henry III murdered his two son seniors Castle of Blois ; Anna d'Este herself was imprisoned.

After his release in February 1589, she returned to Paris, where she plays an active role in the organization of the League. Some of his contemporaries took for the sponsor of the assassination of King. Named "Queen Mother" by the League, the princess was one of the main figures of the capital then besieged by the troops of Henry IV . During this period, she was the palace of the former queen mother Catherine de Medici, the seat of power and social gatherings under Henry III. He resided there and had to do some work 1 .

In the rivalry between his two son Charles, Duke of Mayenne and Charles Emmanuel , she sided with the latter and tried to get him released when Charles Emmanuel was imprisoned in Lyon by the authorities of the city (1593). After the conversion to Catholicism of Henry IV, she recognized him as king and tried to convince his rebellious son to do the same.

Anna d'Este spent the last years of his life as "superintendent" of the house of the queen, Marie de Medici , but its debts were growing, and she was very concerned about the financial situation of his son and grand son .

At his death on May 17, 1607, the value of his personal property was just over 4,000 pounds . His entrails were buried in Paris; his heart in the tomb of Guise in Joinville . His body was taken in Annecy, where he was buried beside that of her second husband. None of these graves has been preserved.

Significance [ edit | modify the code ] In many ways, Anne d'Este is the same type of woman of the aristocracy of the second half of the xvi th century. Like most of the princesses of her time, she manages a large heritage, arranges marriages and careers of his children, intercedes in court for his proteges, and maintains a constant correspondence with the European nobility. The power of Anne d'Este was based on the efficiency of its networks, and especially his relationship with his mother and stepmother, but also with successive queens, the queen mother and the great princesses of the kingdom.

Its location in the turmoil of religious wars did not differ much from those of many other princesses. His mother was a Calvinist , and his father, her husband and her son were all Catholics more or less radical. To the princess, like many of his contemporaries, family ties and networks of relations were at least as important as religious beliefs.

Anna d'Este also enjoyed a special status in the court of France, as the granddaughter of Louis XII. These are his trial which do appear. The French nobility led a multitude of trials, even for minor causes. But when Renée de France and daughter quarreled half the UK to the king, they did as the daughter and granddaughter of a king of France, and Anna d'Este is the same in its own shares justice. She played so well that even if she lost a lawsuit, the king and his judges were forced to consent to very favorable compromise for her.

Genealogy [ change | modify the code ] paternal grandparents:

Alphonse I er d'Este , lead Ferrari Lucrezia Borgia maternal grandparents:

Louis XII, King of France Anne of Brittany Duchess of Brittany Parents :

Hercules II d'Este, lead Ferrari (1508-1559) Renée of France (1510-1575) Brothers and sisters :

Alphonse II , lead Ferrari (1533-1597) Lucretia , Duchess of Urbino (1535-1598) Eleanor (1537-1581) Louis , Cardinal d'Este (1538-1586) Children born of the first marriage to Francis of Lorraine (1519-1563):

Henri , Prince de Joinville, then Duc de Guise (1549-1588) Catherine (1551-1596), married in 1570 to Louis de Bourbon , Duc de Montpensier (1513-1582) Charles, Marquis and Duke of Mayenne (1554-1611) Louis , archbishop of Reims and cardinal of Guise (1555-1588) Antoine (1557–1560) François (1559–1573) Maximilien (1562–1567/68) Children born of a second marriage with Jacques of Savoy (1531-1585):

Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Geneva, and Duke of Nemours (1567-1595) Marguerite (1569–1572) Henri , Marquis de Saint-Sorlin, then Duke of Nemours (1572-1632) References [ change | modify the code ] ↑ Christiane Coester, Anne of accounts book of Este of 1593 years , Paris, Court of France.fr, 2009. Unpublished paper published online May 3, 2009 ( http://cour-de-france.fr /article998.html [ archive ] ). References [ change | modify the code ] Authority recordsView and modify data on Wikidata : Virtual International Authority File • International Standard Name Identifier • National Library of France ( data ) • University documentation system • Library of Congress • integrated authority file • National Diet Library • National Library of Sweden • WorldCat Christiane Coester, beautiful as Venus, brave as Mars. Anna d'Este, Duchess of Guise and Nemours (1531-1607) . Munich: Oldenbourg, 2007. ( ISBN 978-3-486-58028-0 ) Huguette Leloup, Anna d'Este (1531-1607). Eldest daughter of Renée de France, Duchess of Guise and Duchess of Nemours, Lady of Montargis . Special edition of the Bulletin of the Society of Emulation Arrondissement of Montargis, ser. 3, 119, 2002. Jessica Munns, Penny Richards, « Exploiting and destabilizing Gender Roles: Anne d’Este», in French History, 6, 1992, p. 206–215. Dora Polachek, "The case of Guise and Anna d'Este maternal lamentation policy," In the mirrors of writing. Reflexivity in women writers of the Old Regime , Proceedings of the Montreal Conference (1997), dir. J.-Ph. Beaulieu and D. Desrosiers-Bonin, Montreal, University of Montreal, 1998, p. 73-81 . Matteo Sanfilippo, "Article: Este, Anna d '", in Biographical Dictionary of Italian , vol. 43, Rome: Institute of the Italian Encyclopedia, 1993, pp. 315-320. Eliane Viennot "The" State Women "at the xvi th century: the League of princesses and the writing of history," in D. Haase-Dubosc & E. Viennot (ed.), Women and powers under the old regime, Proceedings of the symposium in Paris in December 1989 , Paris, Shores, 1991, p. 77-97. Eliane Viennot, "" mother to daughter Widows in xvi th century: the case of Guise clan, "in N. Pellegrin & C. Winn (ed.), Widowers, widows and widowhood in the ancien regime France , Paris, H. Champion, 2003, p. 187-198 . Sources [ edit | modify the code ] Marc-Claude Buttet , Savoyard nobleman and poet ( xvi th century): "On the arrival of illustrious Princess Anne d'Este, Duchess of Nemours and Genevois, in his city of Annessi". 1566 Edition. Pierre Matthieu, The Guisiade (1589). Edition established by Louis Lobbes. Geneva, Droz, 1990. (ISSN 0257-4063) Severin Bertrand Prayer funeral on the decease of a loud-very, very illustrious and very virtuous Princess Anne Est ', Duchess of Chartres, Guise, Nemours, Geneva, & c. Paris 1607. Sieur de La Palud, funeral Sermon on the death of very-illustrious Princess Anne D'Genevois is Duchess of Nemours, Chartres, & c. Chambery (1609). Francis Augustine Church, Theatro of literate women, vn short speech of the primacy and perfection of womanish sex . Mondovi 1620. Hilarion de Coste, "Anne of East or Ferare, Duchess of Guise & de Nemours", in Id., Praise and lives of queens, princesses, ladies and illustrious maidens . Paris, 1630, p. 32-37 . Christiane Coester, Anne d'Este accounts book of 1593 years , Paris, Court of France.fr, 2009. Unpublished paper published online May 3, 2009 ( http://cour-de-france.fr/ article998.html [ archive ] ). External links [ edit | modify the code ] Article on Anna d'Este on the site International Society for the Old Regime Women Study [ archive ] Inventory after death of Anna d'Este on the site Cour-de-France.fr [ archive ] Anne d'Este account book of 1593 year on the website Cour-de-France.fr [ archive ]

FRANCOIS I DE LORRAINE AND 2nd DUC DE GUISE, "Francois de Guise, 1519-1563, "Scarface"",

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Guise#Enfants, "Francois de Lorraine", TRANSLATION, French-English, GOOGLE TRANSLATE, www.translate.google.com 

Francois de Guise Help page on the disambiguationFor other uses, see Francis of Lorraine . If this band is no longer relevant, remove it. Click to see other models. Information in this article or this section should be better linked to sources mentioned in the "References", "Source" or "External Links" (October 2013). Improve its verifiability in the combination with references to using footnotes .

Francois de Guise Francis I, Duke of Lorraine, Duke of Guise.Portrait by François Clouet Louvre. François I st of Lorraine, Duke of Guise. Portrait by François Clouet , the Louvre . title Duke , lord and Prince de Joinville and Baron Lambesc 12 avril 1550 – February 24 1563 ( 12 years, 10 months and 12 days ) Predecessor Claude I st Successor Henri I er Marquis de Mayenne 12 avril 1550 – February 24 1563 ( 12 years, 10 months and 12 days ) Predecessor Claude I st Successor Claude II Grand Master of France July 10 1559 – February 24 1563 ( 3 years, 7 months and 14 days ) Predecessor Francois de Montmorency Successor Henri de Guise Biography Dynasty House of Guise Birth date February 17 1519 Place of birth Bar-le-Duc Date of death February 24 1563 (To 44) Place of death Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin Buried Joinville Father Claude Lorraine Mother Antoinette de Bourbon joint Anne d'Este children Henri Catherine Charles Louis Antoine François Maximilien Francois de Guise modifier Check the documentation of the model François I er Lorraine , 2 e duke (February 17 1519, Bar-le-Duc -February 24 1563, Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin ), which according to some authors, was nicknamed " Scarface " is a military man and French statesman of the xvi th century. He was one of the top military leaders of King Henry II and the main Catholic leader in the first war of religion .

It is Earl and Duke of Aumale and peer of France , the Marquis de Mayenne , Baron and Prince de Joinville , Grand Chamberlain , huntsman , and Grandmaster ( 1559 ).

Companion childhood of Henri d'Orléans (the future Henry II), François de Guise is a renowned military leader, head of a powerful lineage . It governs France under the reign of Francis II of France (1559- 1560 ) and his brother Charles of Lorraine , and is illustrated as the leader of Catholics during the first war of religion. He was assassinated during the siege of Orleans , theFebruary 24 1563.

Summary [ Hide ] 1 Biographie 2 Enfants 3 References 3.1 Notes 3.2 References 4 Bibliographie 5 External Links Biography [ edit | modify the code ]

François I st of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, Paris, BnF , Prints Department , xvi th century. Francois de Guise born in Bar castle in 1520 . He is the eldest son of Claude de Lorraine , first Duke of Guise, and the grand-son of the Duke of Lorraine René II . His mother, Antoinette , is a princess of the House of Bourbon . The29 avril 1548He married Anna d'Este , granddaughter of Lucrezia Borgia , daughter of Ercole II d'Este , Duke of Ferrara , Modena and Reggio , and Renee de France , daughter of Louis XII and Anne Britain .

In 1544 , Francis of Lorraine took part in the siege of Boulogne against the English, in which he was seriously wounded in the face, which, according to some authors, has earned him the nickname "Scarface" 1 . Warchief of great audacity, he was appointed governor of Metz after the annexation of the city by Henry II . In 1552 , he defended victoriously city , besieged by 55,000 Imperials, forcing Charles V to lift the siege. In 1554 , he participated in the Battle of Renty , then in 1556 - 1557 , he became head of theshipping , which in Italy , vainly trying to regain Naples to Spaniards . Upon his return, he was appointed lieutenant general of the kingdom and resumes Thionville the imperialists. In 1558 , he took Calais in English following a daring maneuver: the swamps around the city being frozen, he passed the French guns on them, and take his enemies by surprise.

Under the reign of Henry II, the duke with his family as a party hostile to Montmorency . The capture of Calais in 1558 and the marriage the same year his niece Mary Stuart (daughter of his sister Mary of Guise ) with the Dauphin François momentarily outshine the Constable of France of royal favor. When Henry II died, his eldest son Francis II , husband of his niece, came to the throne. The young king let the uncles of his wife govern . Francois de Guise and his brother, the Cardinal of Lorraine, Real political head of the family, become the masters of the kingdom. The family of Guise is at the height of its power while being increasingly challenged. A fervent defender of Catholicism , the duke made repress in blood, in 1560 , the conspiracy of Amboise , supported secretly, no doubt, by Louis de Bourbon, Prince de Conde .

Assassination of the Duke Francis of Guise, 18 February 1563. Burning Tortorel and Perrissin . After the untimely death of Francis II in December 1560 , Catherine de Medici , regent of the kingdom, led a policy of tolerance towards the Reformed worship . The duke and his party opposed the policy are removed from the court and power. The 1 st March 1562 , the Duke of land in Champagne , clashes whose responsibilities are discussed by historians place between his people and Protestants celebrating their cult (prohibited) in a barn. More than 30 Protestants are killed and 100 are injured. This case, called the massacre of Wassy, Causes to arms Protestants and triggers the first of the religious wars . The king's army commander, the Duke defeats the Huguenots in Rouen in October 1562 , and Dreux in December of the same year; then he tries to regain Orleans . During the siege of Orleans , a Protestant gentleman, Jean de Poltrot , shoots him with a pistol theFebruary 18 1563. Seriously injured, the duke died a few days later 2 . After his death, the Guise accuse Admiral de Coligny , Theodore Beza and John V of Parthenay , calm returns to some time in the kingdom.

Anna d'Este , having filed several lawsuits against Protestant leaders, she suspected of being behind the assassination of her husband, will be enforced silence the king. She remarried in 1566 to Jacques of Savoy, Duke of Nemours , another defender of the Catholic cause.

Portrait of François de Guise with his collar of the Order of St. Michael . Children [ edit | modify the code ] Francois de Guise and Anna d'Este had seven children, four survivors who marked their time:

Henry I st Scarface (1549-1588), Duke of Guise, Catherine Marie (1552-1596), married in 1570 to Louis de Bourbon (1513-1582), Duke of Montpensier , Charles (1554-1611), Duke of Mayenne, Louis (1555-1588), Cardinal of Guise, Antoine (1557-1560), François (1559-1573), Maximilien (1562-1567). References [ change | modify the code ] Notes [ edit | modify the code ] References [ change | modify the code ] ↑ Philippe Boitel, The French who have made France , South West,2009, p. 646. The Petit Larousse 2009 Article Guise (family) , however, attributed the nickname Scarface to Henry I, Duke of Guise , son of Francis. Jean-Pierre Babelon, "The last moments of Duke Francis of Guise, according to a script Lancelot Carle (February 1563)" records of meetings of the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, 131 th year, n 3, 1987, pp. 597-608, available on the site Perseus [ archive ], Does not attribute the nickname to Francis but written p. 604: "The will also provided that the Prince de Joinville, future duke, Henri, one we call Scarface (...)". According to Jean-Marie Constant, quoted by Helen Germa-Romann is Henry who was the most famous "Scarface", but Francis, who was the first to wear this nickname. (Jean-Marie Constant, The Guise ., Paris, 1984, p 80 and 25; quoted by Helen Germa-Romann, From the "beautiful death" to "die well": the feeling of death among French nobles (1515-1643 ) , Librairie Droz, 2001, p. 46). ↑ Babelon 1987, p. 597-608. References [ change | modify the code ] Authority recordsView and modify data on Wikidata : Virtual International Authority File • International Standard Name Identifier • National Library of France ( data ) • University documentation system • Library of Congress • integrated authority file • Royal Dutch Library • Catalonia National Library • Library national Sweden • Vatican Library • WorldCat Jean-Pierre Babelon , " The last moments of Duke Francis of Guise, according to a script Lancelot Carle (February 1563) " Reports of meetings of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres , De Boccard, n o 3,1987, P. 597-608 ( read online [ archive ] ). (en) Philip Benedict, « From Polemics to Wars : The Curious Case of the House of Guise and the Outbreak of the French Wars of Religion », Historein, no 6,‎ 2006, P. 97-105 ( read online [ archive ] ). (en) Stuart Carroll, Martyrs and Murderers : The Guise Family and the Making of Europe, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009, XIV -345 p. ( ISBN 978-0-19-922907-9 , online presentation [ archive ] ). Eric Durot , " Francis of Lorraine (1520-1563), Duke of Guise and new King Mage " History, Economy and Society , vol. 54, n o 3,2008, P. 3-16 ( read online [ archive ] ). Eric Durot , Francis of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, between God and the king , Paris, Classiques Garnier , coll. "Renaissance History Library" ( n o 1)2012884 p. ( ISBN 978-2-8124-0610-2 , online presentation [ archive ] ), [ Online presentation [ archive ] ] , [ online presentation [ archive ] ] . David El Kenz, "Death of Francis de Guise between the art of dying and the art of subversion" in J. Fouilleron, Thiec G. and H. Michel (ed.) Companies and ideologies of modern times . Tribute to Arlette Jouanna , Montpellier, Publications of the University of Montpellier III, 1996, t. 2 , p. 629-662 . Arlette Jouanna Jacqueline Boucher and Dominique Biloghi, History and Dictionary of the Wars of Religion , Paris, Robert Laffont, coll. "Mouthpieces"19981526 p. ( ISBN 2-221-07425-4 , online presentation [ archive ] ). Erich Marcks , " Catherine de Medici and the assassination of Duke Francis of Guise (1563) ," historical and literary bulletin , Society for the History of French Protestantism, 3 E series, t. XL ,1891, P. 153-164 ( read online [ archive ] ). (en) David Potter, « The duc de Guise and the Fall of Calais, 1557-1558 », The English Historical Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 98, no 388,‎ July 1983, p. 481-512 (JSTOR 569781). Lucien Romier , the political origins of the religious wars , t. I st : Henri II and Italy (1547-1555) , Paris, Perrin,1913( Repr. Facsimile, Geneva, Slatkine Reprints, 1974), IX -579 p. ( Online presentation [ archive ] , read online [ archive ] ), [ Online presentation [ archive ] ] , [ online presentation [ archive ] ] . Lucien Romier , the political origins of the religious wars , t. II : The end of the outer magnificence, the king against the Protestants (1555-1559) , Paris, Perrin,1914( Repr. Facsimile, Geneva, Slatkine Reprints, 1974), 464 p. ( Online presentation [ archive ] , read online [ archive ] ), [ Online presentation [ archive ] ] , [ online presentation [ archive ] ] . Alphonse de Ruble , the François murder of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, February 18, 1563 , Paris, Emile Paul and son and Guillemin,1897, II -237 p. ( Read online [ archive ] ). (en) Nicola Mary Sutherland, Princes, Politics and Religion, 1547-1589, Londres, Hambledon Press, coll. « History Series » (no 30), 1984, 258 p. (ISBN 0-907628-44-3), « The Assassination of François duc de Guise, February 1563 », p. 139-155. External links [ edit | modify the code ] On the other Wikimedia projects:

Francois de Guise , on Wikimedia Commons iconography: Portrait 1550 - drawing in black chalk, blood - Chantilly, Musée Condé [ archive ] . Length Portrait - Oil on wood - Paris, Louvre [ archive ] . Portrait profile - wax - Ecouen, National Museum of the Renaissance [ archive ] .

DISAMBIGUATION: "FRANCOIS DE LORRAINE", LIST OF PERSONS IN HISTORY WITH THIS NAME AND DATES

Francis of Lorraine Help page on the disambiguation.This page of disambiguation lists the subjects and articles with the same name. There have been several François in the House of Lorraine .

Dukes of Lorraine:

François I st (1517-1545), Duke of Lorraine François II (1572-1632), count of Vaudémont and Duke of Lorraine François III (1708-1765), Duke of Lorraine and the Grand Duke of Tuscany and Holy Roman Emperor Comte tongue:

Francis de Lorraine (1506-1525) Duke:

Francis de Lorraine (1519-1563), 2 e duke Prince d'Harcourt

Francis de Lorraine, (1623-1694) Ecclesiasticus

Francis de Lorraine (1599-1672) , Bishop of Verdun Francis of Lorraine (1689-1715), brother of Duke Leopold, Abbot of Malmedy and Stavelot

1. FRANCOIS DE MONTPENSIER, Source: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Montpensier, Translated French-English, Google Translate, www.translate.google.com

SUMMARY BOX Biography Birth 1542View and modify data on Wikidata Death 1592View and modify data on Wikidata LisieuxView and modify data on Wikidata Father Louis III of BourbonView and modify data on Wikidata Mother Jacqueline de LongwyView and modify data on Wikidata sibling Charlotte of BourbonView and modify data on Wikidata joint Renée d'Anjou-Mézière Child Henri, Duke of MontpensierView and modify data on Wikidata Other information Religion CatholicismView and modify data on Wikidata Distinctions Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit ( d ) Knight of the Order of St. MichaelView and modify data on Wikidata change - change the code - change WikidataDocumentation Model

CREST Azure three fleurs de lis gold gules stick perished band responsible for a chief money growing François de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier , born in 1542 and diedJuin 4 1592in Lisieux , is a prince of the blood of the House of Bourbon . It is close to the royal family of Valois and one of the commanders of the royal army during the wars of religion .

TEXT Francois de Bourbon is the son of Louis, Duke of Montpensier and his first wife Jacqueline de Longwy . In 1566, he married Renée d'Anjou , Marquise de Mezieres and Countess de Saint-Fargeau, who was only 16 years old.

Throughout his life, the prince of the blood of the House of Bourbon accumulates many titles including the dauphin of Auvergne . Until the death of his father in 1582 , it mentions only under the title of "dolphin prince." At the age of forty, he himself becomes Duke of Montpensier, sovereign prince of Dombes , Sire de Beaujeu and Viscount brush . in 1583, he made Duke of Chatellerault.

During the wars of religion , the prince dolphin was given the responsibility of several governments , first in the center of France ( Anjou , Touraine , Maine , Orleans , etc.) and that of the Dauphine in 1567 and finally that of Normandy in 1588. During the military campaigns, he fights with his father, the Protestants . After the capture of Saint Jean d'Angely , in 1569, he is responsible for fighting in SaintongeBut fails. In 1574, he was appointed governor general of Languedoc and Dauphiné, provinces which are then in the hands of the Protestants.

It is naturally of the court of King Henry III of which he became a faithful support. Although zealous Catholic, he refuses to enter into the Holy League headed by the Guise family . When Henry III dies, he supported Henry IV . In 1591, he participated in the siege of Rouen and died the following year. He was buried in the holy chapel Saint-Louis in Champigny-sur-Veude .

Progeny With Renée d'Anjou Meziere : Henry Duke of Montpensier (1573-1608)

LITERATURE The Princess of Montpensier , story by Madame de Lafayette . The news is purely fictional, there has never been a princess in the family but Montpensier dukes. The author may have given this princely title since François Duc de Montpensier was prince of the blood (Bourbon). The love affair between the various characters are imaginary, like the names of the characters. It inspired a French film The Princess of Montpensier ( 2010 ), directed by Bertrand Tavernier . The Prince of Montpensier is interpreted by Grégoire Leprince-Ringuet .

BIBLIOGRAPHY Christophe Levantal, Dukes and peers and laymen duchies-peerages in the modern era (1519-1790) , Paris, 1996, p. 783, and

EXTERNAL LINKS Authority recordsView and modify data on Wikidata : Virtual International Authority File • International Standard Name Identifier • National Library of France ( data ) • University documentation system • Library of Congress • WorldCat Original portrait of the Duke of Montpensier (about 1584) [ archive ]

2. RENEE D'ANJOU-MEZIERES

Renée d'Anjou-Mezieres , born on 21 October 1550 in Mezieres-en-Brenne 1 , is the only daughter of Nicolas d'Anjou, Marquis de Mezieres , Count of Saint-Fargeau , lord of Mareuil, Villebois, Thin, of TUCÉ to Seneché and Saint-Maurice-sur-Laveron 1 and Gabrielle Mareuil. Wife of François de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier , mother of Henri de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier , it inspires Madame de La Fayette for his Princess of Montpensier .

Biography [ edit | modify the code ] Renée d'Anjou is the daughter and heiress of Nicolas d'Anjou-Mezieres and Gabrielle Villebois-Mareuil. His father is the last descendant of the Dukes of Anjou , the bastard of Charles IV Maine , Louis, Baron de Mezieres 2 . She was born October 21, 1550 3 . Son of absence, his parents left him the whole land: the Marquis of Mezieres, the riding of Saint-Fargeau and the lordships of Mareuil and Villebois .

She married in 1566 François de Bourbon , Duke of Montpensier 4 , Prince Dauphin of Auvergne and future Duke of Montpensier . They only son, Henri de Bourbon , born in 1573 .

She lived in the castle of Champigny-sur-Veude that belonged to the family of her husband. You can still visit a Holy Chapel , where a stained glass represents to her husband. A statue there is their son Henry, kneeling with hands joined; this character is very similar to King Henry IV, by facial features and clothing.

In 1576, the land of Saint-Fargeau is erected in the Duchy-peerage in favor of the couple. In 1582, her husband inherits the duchy of Montpensier and becomes one of the leading princes of the blood.

Sometimes given to the date of his death 1597 years but it seems that she died "in the prime of life" 5 , before 1586 6 .

Literature [ edit | modify the code ] Renée d'Anjou is the heroine of The Princess of Montpensier , news of Madame de La Fayette published in 1662. The name of this work refers to his princess-runner status Auvergne and future Duchess of Montpensier, which is his for most of the action, between 1566 and 1582.

References [ change | modify the code ] ↑ a and b Anselm of St. Mary , genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France , vol. I. Paris, The Company of Booksellers, 1725, p. 236 ↑ According to the scholar Louis Moreri , he was grand-son of Louis, natural son of Charles IV of Anjou, brother of King René Louis married Anne La Tremoille <René wife Antoinette de Chabannes Countess of Dammartin, lady St Fargeau small-granddaughter of Louis XI <Nicolas ↑ J. Durieux, "On the barony of Marueil" in the Bulletin of the Society of History and Archeology of the Périgord , Volume XXV, 1898, pp. 227-248 ↑ Father Anselm of St. Mary , genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France , ed. Chatelain, 1713, p. 118 ↑ cf. P. Anselme, op. cit. ↑ Madame de La Fayette, History of the Princess of Montpensier , critical edition prepared by Micheline CUENIN, ed. Librairie Droz, 1979, pp. 15-16

3. HENRI DE BOURBON, DUKE OF MONTPENSIER

Henri de Bourbon , born in Mezieres-en-Brenne 1 theBy mai 12 1573And died in Paris theFebruary 27 1608Was dauphin of Auvergne , Duc de Montpensier , 17 th sovereign prince of Dombes, Lord of Chatellerault and brush Viscount .

Biography [ edit | modify the code ] He was the son of François de Bourbon , Duke of Montpensier, and Renée d'Anjou-Mezieres.

Titled Prince of Dombes before the death of his father, he fought the Leaguers and especially the Duke of Mercoeur in Brittany from 1590 , taking with guile city of Quimper in April 1590 2 . It defeated to Craon in 1592 . He was then appointed governor of Normandy , undertook to reconquer the province for the king and was severely wounded at the headquarters of Dreux (1593).

In 1596 , he fought the Spanish in Artois , on behalf of Henry IV , was at the battle of Ivry and participated in 1600 in the countryside of Savoy .

He was Duke of Montpensier , Chatellerault and Saint-Fargeau , sovereign prince of Dombes , Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon and Luke, dauphin of Auvergne , Marquis de Mezieres, count of Mortain and Bar sur Seine , Viscount Auge, Domfront and brushes, Baron de Beaujolais , country of Combrailles and Mirebeau , Lord of Champigny , Argenton and Saint-Sever , knight of the orders of the King , peer of France, governor of Dauphineand Normandy . He married in 1597 Henrietta Catherine (1585 † 1656) duchess of Joyeuse, daughter of Henri, Duc de Joyeuse, and Catherine de Nogaret and had one daughter Mary (1605 † 1627), married to Gaston de France (1608 † 1660 ), Duke of Orleans and brother of Louis XIII .

Related articles Claude Morillon , publisher and printer References ↑ The art of verifying dates of historical events - Tome X - Mr. St. Allais - 1818 (dolphins Auvergne) (Henri de Bourbon, born May 12, 1573 at Mezieres in Touraine ... page 174; his father, Francois de Bourbon was governor of Touraine (universal Atlas of history and geography - Volume I - Marie Nicolas Bouillet (Earls and Dukes of Montpensier, page 478)) ↑ Canon Moreau, "History of what happened in Britain during the wars of the League in Britain", available [1] [ archive ]

4. HENRIETTE CATHERINE DE JOYEUSE, SPOUSE OF HENRI DE BOURBON, DUKE OF MONTPENSIER

Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse , duchess of Joyeuse , Joinville princess (1585-1656).

Born in the Louvre January 13 1585. She was the daughter of Henri de Joyeuse , Count du Bouchage , and Catherine Nogaret of Valetta niece of the Duke of Epernon and Duke Duke of Joyeuse, favorite of King Henry III . She was Duchess of Joyeuse from 1608 to 1647 and Joinville princess from 1641 to 1654 .

After the death of his mother, and entered the order of Capuchin her father, she was collected and raised by her paternal grandmother, Mary Batarnay. Henry took his daughter in 1595 , on the death of Mary.

May 15, 1597, Catherine Henriette married Henri de Bourbon , Duc de Montpensier (May 1573 † February 1608); then she was only 13, she was given a few years to his uncle, Cardinal François de Joyeuse (1562 † 1615). The daughter of Catherine Henriette, Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier , was born October 15, 1605, in Gaillon (Eure).

Widowed in 1608 , Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse married on 5 January 1611 Charles of Lorraine , 4 th duke and prince of Joinville (1571 † 1640). They had ten children:

Francis (April 3, 1612 - December 7, 1639 , Florence), Prince de Joinville. Twins in 1613 Henry , (4 April 1614 , Paris - June 2, 1664 , Paris) Archbishop of Rheims ( 1629 - 1640 ) will be the 5 th Duke of Guise. Mary (August 5, 1615 - March 3, 1688 ), Duchess of Guise, Princess of Joinville Charles-Louis (15 July 1618 - 1641 or March 15 1637 , Florence), Duke of Joyeuse Francoise Renee (January 10 1621 - December 4, 1682 , Montmartre), abbess of Montmartre . Louis (November 11 1622 - September 27, 1654 ), Duke of Joyeuse and Angouleme, Grand Chamberlain of France. Roger (March 21 1624 - September 6 1653 , Cambrai). Françoise ( 1627 - 1682 ) Abbess of St. Pierre de Reims, and a girl. She is the grandmother of Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans , the "Great Mademoiselle."

On the other Wikimedia projects:

Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse , on Wikimedia Commons Leading a pious life, close to the royal family and friend of Marie de Medici , Catherine Henriette was nevertheless obliged to follow her husband in exile in Florence in March 1635 , following intrigue against the Cardinal Richelieu . She remained there until the death of Charles in September 1640 .

Revenue in France, Catherine Henriette devoted himself to pious works and died in February 1656 at the age of 71. She was buried in the church of the Capuchin convent in Paris. His coffin was unearthed about 1854 during remediation of the rue de la Paix 1 .

She founded in 1620 the House of Oratorians of Joyeuse (Ardeche) 2 .

References ↑ http://www.tombes-sepultures.com/crbst_1164.html#anchor-JoyeuseHenr... [archive] ↑ https://archive.org/stream/ActeNotarieCreantLoratoireDeJoyeuse/Fond... [archive]

5. MARIE DE BOURBON, DUCHESS OF MONTPENSIER

Marie de Bourbon 1 , Duchess of Montpensier , sovereign princess of Dombes , bornOctober 15 1605 and died on Juin 4 1627Was a princess of the blood , daughter of Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse .

Member of the second house of Bourbon-Montpensier , Mary is an ephemeral "Madame", Duchess of Orleans by marrying "Mr." Gaston de France , brother of King in 1626 . She is also the mother of the " Grande Mademoiselle ", the richest heiress in Europe.

Marie de Montpensier born in Castle of Gaillon (today located in the department of Eure ), in the province of Normandy , theOctober 15 1605.

The princess Montpensier Mary is the only daughter of Henri, Duke of Montpensier (1573-1608), Duke of Montpensier and Dauphin d'Auvergne and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse (1585-1656), Duchess of Joyeuse and Princess of Joinville . For his father, who belongs to the second house of Montpensier (junior branch of the House of Bourbon-Vendôme ), Mary ancestor Jean VIII de Bourbon-Vendôme . John is the ancestor shared with the king Henri IV , which makes blood princess- like other senior members of the House of Bourbon from the throne of France family, in 1589 . His father is the most possessionné prince of the kingdom.

On the maternal side, Mary belongs to the house of Joyeuse , family ducal since 1581 , when Anne de Joyeuse , cute of Henri III password to Viscount Duke of Joyeuse . With its proximity to the throne of France, and in a context of religious wars , the family is one of the most influential and powerful families of France .

Known before her marriage as "Mademoiselle de Montpensier," Mary was the only child of the Duke and Duchess of Montpensier . At the age of two years, during the regency of Marie de Medici , the princess bride is the second son of Henry IV , the Duke of Orleans , whom some historians call Nicolas-Henri of France , but the alliance n is not concluded since the latter died in 1611 at the age of four. It is almost immediately engaged to another Duke of Orleans, brother of the above, Gaston de France (1608-1660), heir ofthrone of France .

On the death of his father Henry , in 1608 , Mary became suo jure Duchess of Montpensier , one of the duchies of the oldest in France; former county who had been raised in the duchy-peerage in 1539 . Marie also direct descendant and masculine way of St. Louis , but also Valois , like King John II of France .

Conspiracy of Chalais Main article: Third House of Orleans .

Bishop's portraits the Duke of Orleans, only brother of the king, and the Duchess of Montpensier, married on 6 August 1626 ( print ). Heir to a fortune and a home secular marriage of Mary becomes a major problem for the Crown. Under the leadership of Cardinal Richelieu , the king Louis XIII decided to record the previous engagement, and therefore wants to marry Gaston and Marie. Louis XIII, married for 10 years, has no children, Gaston is the heir apparent to the crown, and his marriage - and the offspring that would result in - could strengthen his status as heir to the throne. However, Gaston, supported by Queen Anne of Austria , who suffers from sterility of torque, and a good part of the Court refuses the marriage.

Therefore, a conspiracy , that of " Chalais " emerges as a result of this project. It was in fact a conflict between the feudal princes, supporters of Gaston d'Orléans , on one side and, on the other, of Louis XIII and his chief minister Richelieu , who threw the first centralizing reforms La France.

Marriage and death

Anne-Marie Louise, daughter of Marie de Montpensier. As a result of the conspiracy, which fails, Gaston de France eventually married to the Duchess6 août 1626In Nantes 2 . In the presence of the queen consort Anne of Austria , the king and the queen mother Marie de Medici , marriage is regarded as "the saddest wedding ever seen 3 " by members of the groom's family. From this union, Anne-Marie-Louise is the only child of the couple, since Mary died six days after the dawn of the suites layers, at the age of twenty-one years, theJuin 4 1627at the Louvre . Marie de Montpensier is buried in the royal necropolis of Saint-Denis , north of Paris .

The only daughter of the couple, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans having inherited the fortune of his mother immediately after her death, she later became one of the richest people of the kingdom and is considered at the death of his father as the richest woman in Europe. On the death of the latter, in 1693 , the total capital is transmitted after being reintroduced to the royal domain to Philip I st (1640-1701), Duke of Orleans , younger brother of Louis XIV .

Ancestors [display] Ancestors of Mary four generations

Titles and honors October 13, 1605 - February 27, 1608 : Mademoiselle de Montpensier February 27, 1608 - August 6, 1626 : Mademoiselle de Montpensier and the Duchess of Montpensier August 6, 1626 - June 4, 1627 : Lady and Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Orleans 4

Source ( In ) This article is partially or entirely from the article in English entitled " Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier " ( see the list of authors ) . References ↑ Member of the House of Bourbon , she is also called " Marie de Bourbon ," or even " Marie de Montpensier " by his membership in the second house of Montpensier . In his youth, the princess is called " Mademoiselle de Montpensier ." ↑ Anselm of St. Mary, genealogical history of the royal house of France , vol. I, Paris, Company Booksellers, 1725, p. 358 ↑ ( in ) Nancy Mitford , Daughter of France: The life of Anne Marie Louise of Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier from 1627 to 1693 ↑ ( in ) The royal family of France: songs and customs [ archive ] , section on royal princes.

6. GASTON OF FRANCE, KNOWN AS GASTON D'ORLEANS, SON OF FRANCE

Gaston de France , known in history as the Gaston d'Orléans (born24 avril 1608in Fontainebleau , christened15 juin 1614in Paris , the deathFebruary 2 1660in Blois ), Duke of Orleans . Third son of Henry IV (1553-1610) and Marie de Medici , is son of France , branch of the Bourbons (Dynasty Capet ). It carries the title Duke of Orleans, Chartres, Valois, Anjou and Alencon, Count of Blois, of Montlhery and Limours, Baron d'Amboise and Lord of Montargis 1 .

Bust of young Gaston de France, 1630, Louvre. His first name, Gaston, comes from her godmother, the Queen of Navarre , Marguerite of France , first wife of his father, in honor of Gaston of Foix , Prince of Navarre, home of his paternal origins; and her two middle names, John the Baptist, his godfather, Cardinal François de Joyeuse .

Youngest brother of King Louis XIII , Gaston becomes the death of Nicolas Henri (1607-1611), second son of Henry IV , second in the line of succession to the throne. Titled Duke of Anjou , as next heir to the throne, it is also called Mr. (title given to the king's brother) and then (from 1643) the Grand Mr. versus Little Sir , Philip , nephew, brother Louis XIV .

Cultured and refined 2 , but wavering and inconstant 3 , Gaston de France spent his life conspiring, first against his brother and Cardinal Richelieu (preferring their centralized absolutist mixed monarchy with representation of the social body through the meetings of provincial or general states), then against his sister Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin . These conspiracies always failed for lack of real political project. Gaston often denounced his accomplices, then saw them perish (see Ornano , Chalais , Montmorency and Cinq-Mars). In revenge, he created a "vauriennerie Council", courtiers and friends with whom he led a disorderly life (he is renowned player and lover of women) 4 . The Encyclopædia Britannica seen as the leader of the libertines of the time, one of whose hobbies were drinking songs, erotic poems and bawdy parties frequently bisexual , at a time when the separation between homosexuality and heterosexuality was not really cut 5 .

Portrait of Gaston de France , in 1634 by Anthony van Dyck Musée Condé , Chantilly . In 1628, he took command of the army of the siege of La Rochelle , until the coming of Louis XIII, and that of Picardy in 1636. In 1630 , he participated in the revolt of the Duke of Montmorency. At the head of an army of mercenaries, he calls the kingdom to revolt, before fleeing in Lorraine after the defeat of Henri II de Montmorency in Castelnaudary . At the instigation of her confessor, the Oratorian Charles de Condren , he reconciles with the king at Troyes on April 18, 1630. In 1631-32, he plot in Lorraine and published a political manifesto against absolutism. In 1634 , he signed a secret treaty with Spainand plotting against Richelieu with the Comte de Soissons . In fall 1636 , he participated alongside the king in siege of Corbie .

But in 1638 , the unexpected birth of a dolphin (the future Louis XIV) deprives the rank of first heir to the throne. He lost his financial credit, and can not continue rebuilding the Castle of Blois he has undertaken. In 1642 , the conspiracy of Cinq-Mars , which aims to Gaston Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, fails. Gaston had pushed forward Cinq-Mars, he abandons her and leaves the run.

Dying Louis XIII appointed him Governor and Lieutenant General of the Languedoc . On the death of Louis XIII, Gaston de France was appointed lieutenant-general of the kingdom and chief advice under the theoretical authority of the queen during the minority of Louis XIV. But Anne of Austria imposes on the Parliament of Paris , and takes the reins of power with the support of Mazarin .

Army chief Gaston leads against the Spaniards a victorious campaign and fast . He conquered a portion of the county of Flanders , the city of Gravelines theJuly 28 1644and Bethune , and in 1645 Bourbourg , Armentières , Kortrijk and Mardyck .

Gaston still involved in the Fronde , and Mazarin the fact exile in his Castle of Blois in 1652 , where he died in 1660 . He was buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis , the ultimate privilege attached to the royal blood. Louis XIV then confers the title of Duke of Orleans to his brother Philip .

From birth to death, Gaston had to doctor the Protestant Abel Brunier .

Gaston was friend with Jacques of Prints , Marquis de La Ferte-Imbault , he named captain-lieutenant of his company of 200 policemen, and will be elevated to the rank of Marshal of France in 1651 on its recommendation. The Marquise de La Ferte-Imbault be first lady in waiting to the Duchess of Orleans.

Ancestry [display] Gaston ancestry of France

Marriage and children [ change | modify the code ]

Marriage of Marie de Bourbon and Gaston de France in 1626 Print On 6 August 1626 , in Nantes 6 , after a conspiracy (the conspiracy of Chalais ) missed Gaston reluctantly agrees to marry the wealthy Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier 7 imposed by Richelieu . He receives preserve the duchies of Orleans and Chartres, plus the county of Blois.

From this marriage was born the following year:

Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans , Duchess of Montpensier, known as the Grande Mademoiselle . Marie de Montpensier died six days after the birth of her daughter at the age of twenty-one years.

In 1629, Gaston threw unsuccessfully to marry Mary Gonzaga , daughter of the Duke of Mantua .

The same year, a voluntary political exile in Lorraine introduced him to the young Margaret , sister of Duke Charles IV of Lorraine and Bar , a prince as whimsical as him, then at war against France and then he attended the court. Conquered by the innocence of the young princess, he dubbed the girl, then coadjutrix the abbess of the noble chapter of Remiremont , "Angel."

He falls in love and with the consent of his mother living in exile (but not the king his brother yet family head), he married secretly in a convent of the Nancy January 2 1632. But the Parliament of Paris declared the marriage void. Having joined his mother, he celebrated his marriage a second time by the Archbishop of Mechelen in the Spanish Netherlands, and again the assembly of the clergy of France, driven by Richelieu, cancels the wedding. Pardoned by the king, the prince returned to France but his wife is forbidden to stay. The couple can, to the death of Richelieu, ending up at the court of France and marry in May final in 1643 .

Marguerite of Lorraine They had five children:

Marguerite Louise d'Orléans (1645-1721), wife of Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642-1723) Elizabeth Marguerite d'Orleans , Duchess of Alençon (1646-1696), wife of Louis Joseph de Lorraine, Duke of Guise Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans , wife of Duke Charles Emmanuel II Jean Gaston d'Orléans, Duke of Valois (1650-1652) Anne Marie d'Orléans, M lle de Chartres (1652-1656) Mary Porcher, he also had an illegitimate daughter:

Marie Bastard of Orléans (1631-?) Louison of actress Ormes, he also had a daughter:

Marguerite (1632-?), Married to François Bernard Alleux Louise Roger of Marbelière:

Louis Bastard of Orleans said Charny (1638-1692)

7. ANNE-MARIE-LOUISE D'ORLEANS, THE GREAT DAMSEL

Anne Marie Louise of Orleans , called the Grande Mademoiselle , bornBy mai 29 1627 and Still By avril 5 1693Was Duchess of Montpensier , Dauphin of Auvergne , Countess of Eu and Mortain and Princess of Joinville and Dombes . Daughter of Gaston d'Orleans and Marie de Bourbon and granddaughter of King Henry IV , she was the cousin of Louis XIV .

Independent, with a strong character, the Grande Mademoiselle did not hesitate to stand up to his father and Sun King about weddings they wanted to impose him or his colossal fortune - she wanted to manage itself, in its majority, becoming a formidable businesswoman.

The story refers to by the nickname "Grande Mademoiselle", because the title of "Mr. Big" worn by his father, Gaston de France (1608-1660), since the birth of Philip , younger brother of Louis XIV , called while "Little Sir"; Gaston had first raised it to "Sir" as the younger brother of King Louis XIII .

It takes its title of Duchess of Montpensier of his mother, Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, wealthy and sole heiress of a younger branch of the Bourbons . Added to this is the fortune of his father, making the Grande Mademoiselle the richest princess and the most successful in Europe. His signature was "Anne Marie Louise of Orléans."

Children and aborted weddings [ change | modify the code ] At birth, May 29, 1627, she finds herself the richest heiress of the kingdom of France , his mother died in the giving birth. In her memoirs , she is indignant that in the opinion, the "great wealth that his mother left him at his death could well [the] consolation of having lost" .

Married against her will to the fortunes of Montpensier is attributed to the royal family, perhaps jealous of the wealth of his daughter, her father Gaston d'Orléans little bears her affection. He hoped to have a son in order to perhaps to the throne on the death of Louis XIII , it has not yet heir at the time - Anne-Marie Louise suffer all his life for this lack of - love, he married for love in 1632 with Margaret of Lorraine without the consent of the king. Therefore, the new Duchess of Orleans lives over a decade in exile in Brussels with the queen mother Marie de Medici - also in exile - as Gaston plot against the royal power and its representative,. Anne-Marie Louise knows the affection of the royal couple, Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. Its housekeeper Mrs. St. George, who taught him all his genealogy.

As for his stepmother, however pious and gentle, Anne-Marie-Louise takes immediate dislike but gives his affection to his half-sisters - especially the second Françoise-Madeleine that age to be his daughter - while her vast fortune she attracts the brightest from Europe parties. [ref. necessary]Despite its rather ungainly physique, she was offered many wedding plans because of its great wealth, many princes and rulers in marriage ask, but these projects fail because of his father and the king's cousin, jealous, and the high opinion she had of his own order - she is very independent and refuses to obey his father and the king, hearing choose her own husband. From a young age, Anne-Marie Louise had intended to marry the king, his cousin. Cardinal Richelieu did everything to oppose such a union, earning the enmity of the Duchess. His hopes are frustrated the day Louis XIV married the Infanta of Spain.

The Fronde Main article: The Fronde .

Miss by Jean Nocret .

Gaston of Orleans not wanting to position themselves in this conflict, he sends his daughter in his place. The latter, hoping to finally shine in the eyes of his father who neglected all his life, rushes Orleans. The27 mars 1652She arrives in the city to convince the city authorities not to open the city gates to the royal troops, his speech is a failure, this brilliant action does not prevent the advancing armies of Turenne after battle Bléneau . TheJuly 2, 1652During the battle of the Faubourg St. Antoine , Anne-Marie Louise fired the cannon of the Bastille (with his father's agreement) on the royal troops to save his cousin, the Prince de Conde , who nourishes also matrimonial projects. These two episodes are ruining his reputation and for the king exile in Burgundy for three years.

Anne Marie Louise of Orleans , called the Grande Mademoiselle , bornBy mai 29 1627 and Still By avril 5 1693Was Duchess of Montpensier , Dauphin of Auvergne , Countess of Eu and Mortain and Princess of Joinville and Dombes . Daughter of Gaston d'Orleans and Marie de Bourbon and granddaughter of King Henry IV , she was the cousin of Louis XIV .

At birth, May 29, 1627, she finds herself the richest heiress of the kingdom of France , his mother died in the giving birth. In her memoirs , she is indignant that in the opinion, the "great wealth that his mother left him at his death could well [the] consolation of having lost" .

The Fronde Main article: The Fronde .

La Grande Mademoiselle by Louis Ferdinand Elle. (Portrait)

Exile and life to the Court [ change | modify the code ] In his homeland of Saint-Fargeau , from 1652 to 1657 , she started writing memories she continues writing at Chateau d'Eu in Normandy . In this story she recounts her memories as a poignant confession. It paints a portrait says without false modesty his moods and even with some talent, tinted egotism. Still read today, his memoirs are an important testimony and, after all, one of a woman's life in xvii th century , a prisoner of his education and his rank: where other memoirs say what they lived, she said what she felt.

She much preferred the arts during his exile uncovering including Lully , who became a famous composer.

The Duchess returned to the court in 1657. A famous episode in his life is his adventure, from 1670 , at the age of 43, with Lauzun , a Gascon gentleman, foppish and fickle, six years younger , which makes it assiduously. The king, at the insistence of his cousin, allows marriage to the delight of it in however advising him to marry quickly before the news will know. When the courtiers heard of this project, they protested in effect: Lauzun comes from an impoverished family and who has no importance to the court; there is between him and the Grande Mademoiselle a huge social gap. Three days after authorizing marriage, Louis XIVsummoned his cousin to withdraw the right to marry Lauzun. This is hopeless; she screams, cries, but nothing works. Lauzun, meanwhile, reacted coldly and remains insensitive and detached: in fact, he wanted to marry Anne-Marie Louise to enjoy his vast fortune. He then tries to get a larger load to the court, addressing it to Madame de Montespan, the king's mistress. She agreed to speak to the king in his favor. Lauzun then hides under the bed of the Marquise de Montespan and the king and hear it say to Louis XIV that he must beware of him and do not grant him this burden. Shortly after, Lauzun, angry, insult the Marquise. The king made the then imprisoned for ten years in the prison of Pinerolo. To get him out, the Grande Mademoiselle agree to donate a part of his fortune, mostly land (the County of Eu , the principality of Dombes and the barony of Beaujolais ) natural son of Louis XIV , the Duke of Maine and make his heir. She secretly married Lauzun - probably about 1671 1 , yet still doubt remains today - but there is no happiness. Lauzun soon tire of it to resume its ambitious courtier career and inveterate seducer.

Despite her immense wealth, the Grande Mademoiselle is not very popular at court. Most courtiers and princes, which Louis XIV himself, are jealous not only of money but also of countless possessions. The Marquise de Sevigne describes in his letters as a very stingy and rather cold person who has few friends in Versailles .

She had no progeny.

DEATH AND BURIAL

She died on By avril 5 1693a bladder disease that worsened quickly 1 and was buried in the vault of the Bourbons in the abbey church of Saint-Denis .

His heart is brought to the Chapel of St. Anne (called the "Chapel of hearts" containing the embalmed hearts of 45 kings and queens of France) of the church of Val-de-Grace . In 1793 , at the desecration of the chapel, the architect Louis-François Petit-Radel grabs the urn reliquary in gilt containing his heart, sells or exchange against the tables of painters who sought substance After the embalming or " mummie " - rare and expensive - then known, when mixed with oil, give an incomparable glaze in tables 2 .

TITLES

Statue of Anne Marie Louise of Orléans in the series of the Queens of France and famous women of the Luxembourg Gardens . La Grande Mademoiselle had very many titles, lands and lordships. Here are those known:

First princess of the blood and granddaughter of France (rank created by Louis XIII under pressure from Gaston) First hand and first miss of France Duchess of Montpensier and Peer (1627) Duchess and peer of Chatellerault (1627) Duchess and peer of Aumale (1686-1686) Duchess of Saint-Fargeau (1627-1681) (Duchy gave Lauzun , sold in 1713 to Pelletier (Saint-Fargeau) Sovereign Princess of Dombes (1627-1681) (principality given to the Duke of Maine, exchanged in 1762 with Louis XV) Princess of La Roche-sur-Yon (1627) Princess Joinville (1627-1689) Dauphiness Auvergne (1627) Marquise de Mezieres (1627-1669) (marquis sold to Isaac Bartet for 180,000 pounds ) Countess and even Eu (first peerage of France at that time) (1657 to 1681) (county sold to Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine) Countess of Forez Countess of Mortain Countess of Bar-sur-Seine Viscountess de Bresse Viscountess of Auge Viscountess Domfront Baroness Beaujolais and lady of Beaujeu Baroness Montaigut en Combrailles and lady of the country Combrailles Baroness Roche-en-Régnier Baroness Thiers en Auvergne (barony given Lauzun sold to financial Crozat]) Baronne Cuverville ( -on-Yères ) 3 Lady of Champigny-sur-Veude (1627-1635) - traded from 1635 to 1656 and then returned in 1656 - and Bois-le-Vicomte (exchange: 1635-1656) Lady of Argenton , Aigurande , Cluys (Indre) & Le Châtelet (Cher) Lady of Choisy-sur-Seine (1678), St. Severus , ecolle (Ercole?). The Duchess of Montpensier France was entitled to the predicate of Serene Highness , due to its position as first princess of the blood of France. The predicate of Royal Highness will be given to the first prince of the blood in the reign of Charles X in favor of the Duke of Orléans, later King Louis Philippe I st .

However, as the granddaughter of France, and therefore granddaughter of King, it still bore the title of Royal Highness. Its official name for the Court was also "Miss SAR". This rank was created by Louis XIII at the instigation of the father of the Duchess, to grant him a higher rank with other princesses of the blood.

References ↑ a and b Arvède Barine, La Grande Mademoiselle [ archive ] on Wiktionary. ↑ Andrew Castelot , The Unusual History , Paris, Perrin ,1982, 427 p. (ISBN 2-262-00248-7), p. 171. ↑ "Sales by the Duke of Montpensier miss Maine lands, lordships and county of Eu and the barony of Cuverville, for the sum of 1.6 million francs , February 2, 1681". (Fond of Dreux, family papers, 300 APII 14), cited in "La Grande Mademoiselle" by Christian Bouyer, Pygmalion, 2004.

See also On the other Wikimedia projects: Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans , on Wikimedia Commons

References Christian Bouyer , La Grande Mademoiselle, the tumultuous cousin of Louis XIV , Pygmalion 2004 ( ISBN 2-85704-909-9 ) Simone Bertière , Women of the Sun King . - Publishing Fallois, 1998 . - ( ISBN 2-253-14712-5 ) Memories of M lle de Montpensier. Carpenter. 1864-1868. 4 volumes. (en) Sophie Marinez, Mademoiselle de Montpensier : Writings, Châteaux, and Female Self-Construction in Early Modern France, Brill/Rodopi, 2017 ( . ISBN 9789004337206 ).

External links Memories of M lle de Montpensier, granddaughter of Henry IV. [ Archive ] collated the manuscript. With biographical and historical notes. By Adolphe Cheruel 1858. Authority recordsView and modify data on Wikidata : Virtual International Authority File • International Standard Name Identifier • National Library of France ( data ) • University documentation system • Library of Congress • integrated authority file • National Diet Library • Royal Library of the Netherlands • national library of Sweden • WorldCat