Johann XX von Dalberg

Johann XX von Dalberg

• Johann came from the Knight's family of Dalberg and was the second son of a total of 11 children of the Palatinate court marshal Wolfgang III of Kämmerer of Worms, called by Dalberg (1426 – 1476) and his wife Gertrud, a native of Greiffenclau to Vollrad († 1502), daughter of Friedrich von Greiffenclau to Vollrad ( 1401 – 1462).
• Frederick VI of Dalberg (1459 – 1506), mayor of Oppenheim, was a brother of the bishop, as was Wolfgang VI of Dalberg ( 1473 – 1522). His sister Apollonia officiated as abbess of the monastery of Marienberg zu Boppard.
• Johann XX von Dalberg ] ( 14 August 1455-27 July 1503 ) was a John III . Bishop of Worms and from 1480 to 1482 Chancellor of the University of Heidelberg. He was a profiled patron of German early humanism, himself highly taught and devoted to the arts.
• Dalberg's students include Conrad Celtis
• Johann XX collected ancient coins and took care of the preservation and restoration of preserved Roman inscriptions in Worms. Johann XX himself wrote a work on coin law (De inventione, ratione et qualitatemonetae), but that was probably lost.
• lost.

Biography

He was the son of the Palatine court marshal Wolf of Dalberg (1426-1476) and his wife Gertrud, born from Greiffenclau to Vollrads (d. 1502), daughter of Friedrich von Greiffenclau to Vollrads (1401-1462), the 1456, after a pilgrimage to Holy Land, Franciscan . [2] His sister Isengard from Greiffenclau to Vollrads died in 1469, in the monastery of Marienberg Boppard , in the call of holiness. [3]

Ritter Friedrich von Dalberg (1459-1506), mayor of Oppenheim , was a brother of the bishop, as well as the local official Wolfgang von Dalberg (1473-1522). The sister Anna married Pleikard of Gemmingen , [4] the sisters Apollonia, [5] Guda, [6] Margaretha and Gertrudis [7] lived as nuns Klostermarienberg to Boppard , Apollonia served as Äbtissin . [8th]

Knight Hanns of Dalberg (d. 1531), lord of the Kropsburg and in St. Martin ( Palatinate ) , with a magnificent tomb in the Martinskirche, was Bishop Dalberg's cousin. Richard von Greiffenklau to Vollrad (1467-1531), his cousin on his mother's side, acted as Archbishop and Elector of Trier. [9] Archbishop Johann IV of Ludwig von Hagen (1492-1547) was born as the son of Dalberg's cousin Sophia von Greiffenclau to Vollrads and her husband Friedrich II of Hagen.

Returning to Germany, he became privy councillor to Philip, Elector Palatine, whom he assisted in bringing the University of Heidelberg to the height of its fame. He was instrumental in founding the first chair of Greek, which was filled by his friend Rudolphus Agricola, and he also established the university library and a college for students of civil law. He was an ardent humanist, was president of the Sodalitas Celtica founded by the poet Konrad Celtes, and corresponded with many of the leading scholars of his day, to whom he showed himself a veritable Maecenas. He was employed also on various diplomatic missions by the emperor and the elector.

Training

Johann von Dalberg studied from 1466 to 1472 in Erfurt, where he obtained the Bakkalaureat in 1470, completing his basic studies in the "Artes." He then studied lawin Pavia until 1476. There he met Rudolf Agricola , who also gave the inaugural address when Johann 1474/1475 became rector of the university. Other connections that emerged during this period are those with Jakob Questenberg and the brothers Dietrich (1453 – 1520) and John von Plieningen (1454 – 1506). [4] From these relationships, a circle of early humanists were formed to which others were added, such as Jacob Wimpfeling.

In 1474 Johann XX was given the lower ordinations. In the summer of 1473, however, his older brother, Wolfgang IV, had passed away, prompting the father to want to change career planning for his now elder. After the end of his rectorate, Johann XX travelled home. The father wanted the son to study even further, but to become worldly again. ] The father died on September 20, 1476. As a result, Johann XX came to terms with his next younger brother, Frederick VI: Johann XX remained spiritual and Frederick VI assumed the role of head of the family. Johann XX returned to Italy and studied at the University of Paduafrom 1476. [8] Apart from the baking salad obtained in Erfurt, university degrees are not known from him.

Offices

During his studies he received Dompfründen: 1472 in Worms, 1474 in Trier, 1478/79 in Speyer and 1479 in Mainz. He was the first of his family to obtain numerous domain positions in the Rhineland cathedral chapters, establishing a family policy that lasted for 300 years. The previous generations had not had sufficient numbers of male descendants to be able to exempt sons for church careers without endangering their own stock. ]

In 1480 he became Dompropst in Worms and thus also – the offices were connected in personal union – Chancellor of the University of Heidelberg. During this time Dalberg lived in Heidelberg in the Münzhof, located on Heugasse.

Elector Philip of the Palatinate (ruled in 1476 – 1508) appointed him chancellor of the Kurpfalzin 1481, an office that he held until 1497. The Elector continued to campaign for the election of Johann XX as Bishop of Worms, which took place on August 2, 1482. He was only just under 27 years old when he was elected and had not yet reached the age of 30 required under ecclesiastical law . But he received a papal dispensation. Johann XX was the first of his family to rise to the rank of (spiritual) imperial prince. He now lived in Heidelberg in the court of the Bishop of Worms in Heidelberg's Neustadt.

After the abandonment of the Kurpfälz Chancellery in 1497, he stayed mainly in the Schloss of the Wormese Bishop in Ladenburg. In Worms, on the other hand, he was rare, as he was in constant dispute with the city. After 1497, he also served King Maximilian I.

Johann as Bishop

From 1488, Johann XX had the (demolished in the 19th century) cloister at Wormser Dom rebuilt. In the northern side nave of the cathedral is the relief of the root Jesse, which he donated for the chapel of OurLady and today transposed there, with its likeness and auxiliary inscription: 1488. The most noble Mary, Mother of God, and her venerable ancestors erected it to John Kämmerer of Dalberg, Bishop, under whose direction this hall and cloister were begun.

In 1496 Dalberg commissioned the Rev. Jakob Stoll of Alsheim to hold a diocesan visitation, which is written in the Wormser Synodale. He strongly supported the reforms of the abbess Margaretha of Venningen ( died 1505), in the monastery Rosenthal.

Humanist Network

In addition to the official offices, Johann XX acted as a leading figure in the circle of humanists around him. He spoke Italian, Latin (but with a German accent), Greek and Hebrew, at that time still quite unusual in Germany. He promoted humanist aspirations that have been evident at the princely court since the 1450s and made Heidelberg an important center of German early humanism. He collected an extensive library, which also contained works in Greek and Hebrew, and also made them available to friends. In addition, the library contained Middle High German texts and translations from the classical languages into German. In the district of Heidelberg humanists around Johann XX. numerous texts from Greek and Latin were translated into German. Johann XX was very interested in news from Italy about libraries there and their contents. He even had a directory of the works of the Vatican Library come.

In 1484, Dalberg invited the polymath Rudolf Agricola to Heidelberg, who gave speeches and lectures at the university . After the election and the coronation of Pope Innocenz VIII, Elector Philip of the Palatinate sent John XX of Dalberg to Rome in 1485. His entourage was Rudolf Agricola. During the public consistory on July 6, 1485, Johann XX of Dalberg, as Bishop of Worms, gave the oratio gratulatoria (congratulatory speech) that Agricola had written. Dalberg was also in a lively exchange of ideas with other well-known scholars of his time. Conrad Celtis, Johannes Reuchlin and Adolph Occo were among his friends. At Dalberg's encourcompany and under his patronage, Celtis founded Sodalitas litteraria Rhenana , headquartered in Heidelberg, in 1491.

Bishop's Staff

Johann von Dalberg's crosier came around 1820 as a gift from the Bavarian king Maximilan I . Joseph to the then rebuilt diocese of Speyer and is still in the Speyerer CathedralTreasure, which is located in the Historical Museum. The Palatinate . At the inauguration of the current bishop Karl-Heinz Wiesemann , this staff was used in 2008, usually the other one - https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000056188821828?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000088265162976

Death and Remembrance

Johann von Dalberg died in 1503 unexpectedly. He was buried in Wormser's Cathedral , and the inscription is handed down by Johann Friedrich Schannat. The funeral ceremonies were overshadowed by the continuing dispute between the city and the bishop. Johann XX never established an epitaph and its absence is not due to the destruction of the city of Worms in 1689 in the War of Palatinate Succession by troops of King Louis XIV.

King Ludwig I of Bavaria counted Johann von Dalberg among the great personalities of German history and honored him in the "Hall of Fame" Walhalla near Regensburg with a marble bust, which Arnold Hermann Lossow Created.

References & Sources

• Profile on catholic-hierarchy.org
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_von_Dalberg
• Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Johann XX von Dalberg. Biographical Bibliographic Church Lexicon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975.2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1, Sp. 1195 - https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographisch-Bibliographisches_Kirc...
• Gerold Bönnen: The Wormser Bishop Johann von Dalberg (1482 – 1503) and his time = sources and treatises on the Middle Rhine church history 117. Mainz 2005. ISBN 978-3-913135-51-0 - https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerold_Bönnen
• Johannes Bollinger: 100 families of the chambers of Worms and the Lords of Dalberg. Bollinger, Worms-Herrnsheim 1989. Without ISBN.
• Leopold von Eltester , Adalbert Heinrich Horawitz: Dalberg, von. General German Biography (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 701 – 703 - https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Eltester
• Herbert Jaumann: Manual of scholarly culture of early moderntimes, encyclopedic entry Dalberg, Johann on page 214, Volume 1 Bibliographic Repertory, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-016069-2
• Ludwig Lenhart: Dalberg, Johann v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2, p. 488 (Digitisation ) - https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerold_Bönnen
• Dieter Mertens: Bishop Johann von Dalberg (1455 – 1503) and German humanism. In: Kurt Andermann (ed.): Knight's needle in the Old Kingdom. The Actors of Worms called by Dalberg. Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. (Works of the Hessian Historical Commission, New Episode, Volume 31), ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5, p. 35 – 50th online edition of the essay - https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/dnb/download/10370
• Karl Morneweg: Johann von Dalberg, a German humanist and bishop (born 1455, Bishop of Worms 1482, † 1503). Heidelberg, Winter, 1887. Digitised edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf - https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitäts-_und_Landesbibliothek_Düsseldorf
• Georg Wilhelm Zapf: On the life and merits of Johann von Dalberg, former bishop of Worms and rebuilder of the sciences at the end of the fifteenth century - https://books.google.de/books?id=4NosAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA58&dq=%22Johann+...