Joseph Copeland

from the package of a replica of the Copeland Spoon, souvenir purchased at the Jamestown Museum.:

The most important spoon in Jamestown, and one of the most significant objects excavated, is an incomplete pewter spoon- a variant of the trifid, of split-end, type common during the 1650-90 period. Impressed on the handle (in the trefoil finial of the stem) is a mark of the maker, giving his name, the Virginia town where he worked, and the year he started business. this is the sole surviving "touch" or mark of an American pewterer of the 17th century. The complete legend, encircling a heart, reads: "JOSEPH COPELAND/1675/CHUCKATUCK.' (Chuckatuck is a small Virginia village located in Nansemond County, about 30 miles southeast of Jamestown.) Joseph Copeland later moved to Jamestown where he was caretaker of the statehouse from 1688-91. He may have made pewter in Virginia's first capital. His matchless spoon found in the old Jamestown soil is the oldest dated piece of American-made pewter in existence.

Joseph Copeland (d. after April 22, 1691)

Contributed by Barbara C. Batson and the Dictionary of Virginia Biography

Joseph Copeland was the first documented practicing pewterer in Virginia. Born in England, in 1666 he was apprenticed to a pewterer. By 1675 he had settled in Isle of Wight County, where he practiced his trade. During excavations at Jamestown in the mid-1930s, archaeologists recovered a spoon bowl and a trifid spoon handle with Copeland's touchmark, reading "Ioseph Copeland / 1675 / Chuckatuck." Similar examples found in the vicinity are often designated Copeland or Chuckatuck spoons. In 1688 Copeland became the caretaker of the "utensills & Ornaments" of the House of Burgesses. He last appeared in extant public records on April 22, 1691, when he submitted a petition seeking payment for his custodial work.

Copeland was born probably in London late in the 1640s or early in the 1650s. His father, Thomas Copeland, was a London spectacle-maker. It is possible but not certain that he was the Joseph Copeland, a son of Thomas Copeland and Anne Copeland, who was born in the parish of Saint Gregory by Saint Paul's on February 15, 1649, and baptized at Saint Augustine Watling Street, in London, on February 18 of that year. According to records of the Worshipful Company of Pewterers, on May 17, 1666, Copeland was apprenticed to John Mann for seven years. There is no record that Copeland took his freedom in the company, action required of those wishing to practice the craft in England. He may have sailed for Virginia, where he could work without restriction, soon after completing his apprenticeship in 1673. Copeland had settled in the colony in Isle of Wight County by 1675. He may have been a nephew or other close relation of John Copeland, an emigrant from Yorkshire who was a landowner in Isle of Wight County and a prominent member of the Chuckatuck Friends Meeting.

Copeland was the first documented practicing pewtersmith in Virginia. (An earlier pewterer, John Lathbury, died in 1655 shortly after arriving in the colony and is not known to have practiced his trade there.) A soft alloy mostly of tin and lead, pewter was a mark of gentility in colonial America that could be reused and refashioned into newer forms. During excavation of the site of Jamestown in the mid-1930s, archaeologists recovered in the area of Structure 21, a frame cottage with brick foundation, a spoon bowl and a trifid spoon handle with Copeland's touchmark, reading "Ioseph Copeland / 1675 / Chuckatuck." That inscription makes the spoon handle the earliest datable surviving piece of Virginia-made pewter. As a result of the discovery, similar examples found in the vicinity are often designated Copeland or Chuckatuck spoons. The estate of Nicholas Smith, of Isle of Wight County, inventoried on June 5, 1696, included "6 doz: of Virginia pewter spoons," a tantalizing hint that perhaps Copeland filled orders for patrons.

On an unrecorded date Copeland married a woman named Mary, maiden name unknown, whose death on May 27, 1678, the Chuckatuck Friends Meeting recorded. On January 18, 1685, "Joseph Copeland Pewterer," of Isle of Wight County, purchased 150 acres in Surry County for £50 sterling. Among the witnesses to the deed, recorded on May 4, 1686, was Thomas Taberer, whose daughter Elizabeth Taberer became Copeland's second wife, although the date of their marriage is not known. They had several children, at least one of them a son. Copeland may also have owned land in James City County; a land patent dated April 21, 1690, describes property in that county granted to William Edwards as bounded from "Joseph Copelands Great Gum on James river side." On May 12, 1688, the House of Burgesses entrusted "the Severall utensills & Ornaments belonging to this house" to Copeland for cleaning and safekeeping. He submitted a petition on April 22, 1691, seeking payment for his work as custodian.

There is no record of Joseph Copeland, pewterer, after April 22, 1691. Most likely he died between that date and January 14, 1692, when his father-in-law wrote a will that bequeathed property to Copeland's minor namesake son but allowed the child's uncle free use of the estate until he came of age. When Copeland's namesake son died in 1726, the inventory of his Isle of Wight County estate included a pair of "old Spoon Molds" and thirty-eight and a half pounds of pewter, perhaps remnants of his father's craft. Time Line

   February 15, 1649 - Joseph Copeland is born in the parish of Saint Gregory by Saint Paul's in London. He is the son of Thomas Copeland and Anne Copeland. It is uncertain whether this is the same Joseph Copeland who would later work as a pewterer in Virginia.

   May 17, 1666 - Joseph Copeland is apprenticed to John Mann by the Worshipful Company of Pewterers in London.

   1673 - Joseph Copeland completes his apprenticeship to John Mann as a pewterer and may immediately sail for Virginia.

   1675 - By this year, Joseph Copeland settles in Isle of Wight County.

   May 27, 1678 - Mary Copeland, the wife of the pewterer Joseph Copeland, dies.

   January 18, 1685 - Joseph Copeland of Isle of Wight County purchases 150 acres in Surry County for £50 sterling.

   May 4, 1686 - A land deed for Joseph Copeland is recorded with Thomas Taberer serving as one of the witnesses. Taberer's daughter Elizabeth will become Copeland's second wife.

   May 12, 1688 - The House of Burgesses entrusts "the Severall utensils & Ornaments belonging to this house" to Joseph Copeland for cleaning and safekeeping.

   April 21, 1690 - A land patent describes property in James City County granted to William Edwards as bounded from "Joseph Copelands Great Gum on James River side."

   April 22, 1691 - Joseph Copeland submits a petition to the House of Burgesses seeking payment for work as custodian of "the Severall utensils & Ornaments belonging" to the House.

   January 24, 1692 - Thomas Taberer, father-in-law to Joseph Copeland, writes a will that bequeaths property to Copeland's minor namesake son but allows the child's uncle free use of the estate until he comes of age.

   1726 - Joseph Copeland, son of Joseph Copeland the pewterer, dies. The inventory of his Isle of Wight County estate includes a pair of "old Spoon Molds" and thirty-eight and a half pounds of pewter, perhaps remnants of his father's craft.

Categories

   Colonial History (ca. 1560–1763)

   Material Arts

Further Reading Batson, Barbara C. "Joseph Copeland." In The Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 3, edited by Sara B. Bearss, 455. Richmond: Library of Virginia, 2006. Cite This Entry

   APA Citation:

Batson, B. C., & the Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Joseph Copeland (d. after April 22, 1691). (2013, September 11). In Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved from http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Copeland_Joseph_d_after_April_2....

   MLA Citation:

Batson, Barbara C. and the Dictionary of Virginia Biography. "Joseph Copeland (d. after April 22, 1691)." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 11 Sep. 2013. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.